수질관리 : WARMF 모형을 이용한 보청천 유역의 수문,수질 분석

박기정 ( Gi Jung Park ),김환석 ( Hwan Seok Kim ),김덕우 ( Deok Woo Kim ),윤재영 ( Jae Young Yoon ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2009 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2009 No.-

대전시 공공하수처리시설 유입수 수질자료의 통계적 특성 및 추계학적 모의

박기정 ( Gi Jung Park ),정민재 ( Min Jae Jung ),이한샘 ( Han Saem Lee ),김덕우 ( Deok Woo Kim ),윤재영 ( Jae Yong Yoon ),백경록 ( Kyung Rock Paik ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.1

In this study, we analyze statistical characteristics of influent water quality in Daejeon waste water treatment plant and apply a stochastic model for data generation. In the analysis, the influent water quality data from year 2003 to 2008, except for year 2006, are used. Among water quality variables, we find strong correlations between BOD and T-N; T-N and T-P; BOD and T-P; CODMn and T-P; and BOD and CODMn. We also find that different water quality variables follow different theoretical probability distribution functions, which also depends on whether the seasonal cycle is removed. Finally, we generate the influent water quality data using the multi-season 1st Markov model (Thomas-Fiering model). With model parameters calibrated for the period 2003~2005, the generated data for 2007~2008 are well compared with observed data showing good agreement in general. BOD and T-N are underestimated by the stochastic model. This is mainly due to the statistical difference in observed data itself between two periods of 2003~2005 and 2007~2008. Therefore, we expect the stochastic model can be applied with more confidence in the case that the data follows stationary pattern.

엔트로피 방법을 이용한 기후변화 홍수 취약성 평가

박기정 ( Gi Jung Pak ),김환석 ( Hwan Seok Kim ),박무종 ( Moo Jong Park ),김상단 ( Sang Dan Kim ),최민하 ( Min Ha Choi ),윤재영 ( Jae Young Yoon ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2011 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2011 No.-

기후변화와 대규모 하천정비 사업을 고려한 낙동강 유역 자연재해 홍수 취약성 평가

김환석,박기정,김상단,최민하,박무종,윤재영,Kim. Hwan Suk,Park. Gi Jung,Kim. Sang Dan,Choi. Min Ha,Park. Moo Jong,Yoon. Jae Young 한국방재학회 2012 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.12 No.2

전 세계적으로 기후변화에 의한 자연재해 피해가 증가하고 있으며 이에 대한 적응전략의 일환으로 기후변화 취약성에 대한 개념이 도입되기 시작하였다. 하지만 국내의 경우 취약성 관련 연구가 미흡한 실정이며 전세계를 대상으로 실시된 국가단위 취약성 평가방법을 국내에 적용하는 것은 공간스케일의 차이로 인해 적합하지 않은 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 취약성 평가의 국내적용의 일환으로서 낙동강 유역을 대상으로 기후변화와 대규모 하천정비사업 영향에 의한 취약성 변화를 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 국내외 문헌조사 및 가용 자료 검토를 통하여 취약성지표 대리변수를 선정하였고, 시군구별 자료를 수집하여 엔트로피 방법에 의해 대리변수별 가중치를 산정하였다. 선정된 대리변수와 엔트로피 방법을 사용해 결정된 가중치를 활용해 취약성을 계산하고 이를 지도로 작성하여 검토한 결과 홍수취약성 높은 지역이 과거 침수피해지역과 상당부분 일치함을 확인할 수 있어 방법론의 타당성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 현재 상태와 비교할 때 대규모 하천정비에 의해 취약성이 완화되는 지역이 있었으며, 미래 기후변화에 의해 취약성이 증가하는 지역이 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 미래상황에서의 대규모 하천정비사업의 효과는 기후변화에 따른 홍수량 증가로 인해 취약성 완화에 있어 그 효과가 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법론은 취약도 우선순위 지역 판별을 통해 기후변화 적응 정책 및 방재 계획 수립에 있어 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Damage caused by natural disasters has been increasing throughout the world due to climate change. As part of adaptation strategies, concept of vulnerability to climate change is introduced abroad to identify flood hotspots and to establish improvement measures. However, there has been very few research on vulnerability domestically. In addition, vulnerability studies conducted at a country level was also reported to be unsuitable for sub-country level. In this study, we conduct vulnerability assessment using entropy method for the Nakdong River Basin as part of domestic application. Vulnerability for present condition are first determined, and then changes in vulnerability due to climate change and large-scale river restoration project to identify their impacts. To achieve this, proxy variables that make up the vulnerability index were selected based on literature survey and data availability. Using data collected for this area, weights for proxy variables were then determined by entropy method. Finally, vulnerability was calculated and mapped for the basin. Reviewing the vulnerability maps showed that vulnerability hotspots were consistent with historical flooded areas for present condition. This suggests that the methodology employed is reasonable. The results for future scenario also showed that there were areas where vulnerability is mitigated by the large-scale river restoration project but also increased by climate change. However, the effect of the project in the future is found to be minimal because the decrease in water level by the project is offset by the increase in runoff due to climate change. The methodology presented in this study is thought to be useful in establishing the disaster prevention plan and climate-change adaptation policy by identifying hotspots.

가역성이 우수한 도자기 복원용 Urethane resin의 개발 및 물성에 대한 연구

오승준,박기정,위광철,Oh, Seung Jun,Park, Gi Jung,Wi, Koang Chul 한국문화재보존과학회 2015 보존과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

현재 토기 및 도자기를 보존처리 할 때 사용되고 있는 접착 복원제의 경우 크게 Epoxy계, Cellulose계, Cyanoacrylate계 등이 사용되고 있으나 재료에 따라 심한 수축으로 인한 재탈락, 황변 현상으로 인한 색상 변화, 사용시 도구와 손에 묻어나오는 불편한 작업성, 비가역성 등 다양한 문제점을 나타내고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도자기 복원용으로 사용되고 있는 Epoxy resin의 황변 현상과 비가역성의 문제점 해결을 목적으로 저황변, 가역성이 우수한 Urethane계 합성수지를 개발하였다. 개발된 Urethane resin의 접착력은 원액 2.07MPa로 기존 재료인 $EPO-TEK301^{(R)}$ 1.21MPa로 1.5배 이상의 우수한 물성을 지니고 있다. 가공성 측정 결과 Urethane resin(in Talc 50wt%)의 마모율이 1.09%로 기존 재료인 Quick $Wood^{(R)}$(1.02%)의 마모율 보다는 다소 높게 측정되었으며, EPO-$TEK301^{(R)}$(0.41%)와 $L30^{(R)}$ (0.39%)보다 는 2배 이상의 마모율을 보이고 있어 기존의 재료보다 쉽게 성형 과정이 이루어질 수 있는 장점을 지니고 있다. Urethane resin의 장점인 가역성 실험은 Acetone, Ethyl Alcohol 침적 후 12시간 경과 후 Urethane resin과 충전제인 Talc가 분말화 현상을 나타내며 100% 용해되었으며, 기존 Epoxy resin의 가역성이 0%인 것에 비해 매우 우수한 가역성을 지니고 있다. 내구성 평가를 위한 자외선 실험 결과 Urethane resin의 원액 기준 ${\Delta}E^*ab$ 색상 변화 값이 자외선 노출 전 후 2.76로 기존의 Epoxy resin보다 약 7~20배 정도 줄어 황변 현상으로 인한 이질감의 문제점을 최소화하였다. In the case of adhesives & restoration agents currently being used for the preservation treatment of ceramics and earthenware, epoxy type, cellulose type and cellulose type are mainly being used. However, they are showing various problems such as re-detachment from severe contraction, color change from yellowing, work inconvenience of staining on tools and hand during usage and irreversibility. For the purpose of solving the issues of yellowing and irreversibility of epoxy resin being used to restore ceramics, urethane synthetic resin with low yellowing excellent reversibility has been developed in this study. The adhesive strength of urethane resin that has been developed has excellent properties with 2.07MPa for undiluted solution, which is 1.5 times higher than that of existing material EPO-$TEK301^{(R)}$ 1.21MPa. The result of workability measurement showed that the wear rate of urethane resin (in Talc 50wt%) was 1.09%, which was somewhat higher than that of existing material Quick $Wood^{(R)}$ (1.02%). In addition, its wear rate is two times higher than that of $EPO-TEK301^{(R)}$ (0.41%) and $L30^{(R)}$ (0.39%), thereby showing an advantage in its forming process compared to existing materials. As for the advantage of urethane resin of reversibility experiment, 12 hours after acetone, ethyl alcohol deposition, urethane resin and filler talc were dissolved 100% while showing powdering phenomenon. Compared to 0% reversibility of existing epoxy resin, it has much superior reversibility. The result of UV rays experiment to evaluate its durability showed that ${\Delta}E^*ab$ color change value based on undiluted solution of urethane resin was 2.76 before & after UV rays exposure, which was a decrease by about 7-20 times compared to that of existing resin, thereby minimizing the issue of heterogeneity.

제브라피쉬의 파장분별능을 이용한 수환경내 미량중금속 위해성 연구

박민승 ( Minseung Park ),라이언 ( Ryan De Sotto ),박기정 ( Gi Jung Pak ),김성표 ( Sungpyo Kim ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2016 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.-

유구 이전 전용 저점도형 에폭시와 박리제에 관한 연구

한원식,홍태기,박기정,임성진,위광철,Han, Won-Sik,Hong, Tae-Kee,Park, Gi-Jung,Lim, Sung-Jin,Wi, Koang-Chul 한국문화재보존과학회 2008 보존과학회지 Vol.24 No.-

유구 이전의 안정성은 고분자 재료의 물리적 우수성뿐만 아니라 작업성과도 밀접한 관계가 있다. 이들 유구 이전 재료들은 토양에 함유된 수분 함량이나 낮은 온도와 같은 주위 환경의 영향이 없이 작업이 가능해야 하며, Epoxy최종 생성물로부터 Urethane 1차 생성물을 박리시키는 작업 공정 중의 안정성과 작업성도 요구된다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 우수한 물리적 특성을 갖는 저점도의 Epoxy polymer와 경화제 및 유구 이전을 위한 박리제에 대한 합성에 대하여 보고하고자 한다. 이 유구 이전 전용 저점도 Epoxy는 우수한 접착 강도와 자체 강도, 작업성 등의 물리적 안정성을 유지하고 있으며 특히, 박리제는 우레탄과 저점도의 Epoxy 간의 우수한 박리 안정성을 나타내고 있다. Stability of the moving historic sites have something to do with the degree of easiness of work as well as physical property of polymer product. These agents should be able to use without the effect of outer environments like water or low temperature and must have stability during progress of working the peel off Urethane pre-product from Epoxy surface. So, we synthesized low viscosity epoxy resin and hardener with best physical quality and separation media for the moving of historical sites. These products have very good tension strength, adhesion strength, low viscosity and various physical properties that the users want. Particularly, separation media products have good separation of Urethane pre-products surface and Epoxy final product surface.

운현궁수조의 손상평가와 초음파 속도를 이용한 풍화도 및 균열심도 측정

전유근,이찬희,조성남,조영훈,박기정,양필승,Chun, Yu-Gun,Lee, Chan-Hee,Jo, Seung-Nam,Jo, Yeong-Hoon,Park, Gi-Jung,Yang, Pil-Seung 한국문화재보존과학회 2008 보존과학회지 Vol.24 No.-

서울역사박물관에서 소장하고 있는 운현궁 석조수조의 재질은 미세층리와 여러 조의 점토질 세맥이 발달된 석회질 대리암이다. 이 수조에는 전면에 걸쳐 균열이 나타나며 흑색변색이 심하여 보존처리가 필수적이다. 수조에서 나타나는 수평 및 수직방향의 균열은 상대적으로 결합력이 낮은 층리부분과 세맥이 형성된 곳에 집중적으로 발달되어 있다. 수조 표면을 변색시킨 물질은 유기물의 침착과 고사로 인해 발생한 탄소성분으로 밝혀졌다. 초음파 측정결과, 운현궁수조를 구성하는 암석의 물성은 약한풍화단계(SW)로 나타났으나 전체적인 표면 풍화는 구성광물의 입상분해가 발생할 정도로 심각하다. 또한 이 수조의 안정성에 가장 큰 위협요인인 33조에 달하는 균열의 깊이는 석조의 최대 두께인 60mm를 완전히 관통한 것도 있으며, 최소깊이는 9mm로 산출되었다. 점토질 세맥을 따라 발생한 균열중에는 수조의 외벽과 내벽을 관통한 개방형 균열도 있으며, 층리를 따라 생성된 균열은 대부분 20~30mm의 심도를 나타내었다. 이 결과는 운현궁수조의 장기적인 보존관리에 중요한 자료로 활용될 것이다. The Unhyungung Water Container in the possession of the Seoul Museum of History in Korea is consisted of a calcareous marble developed laminated bedding and numerous argillaceous veinlets. This monument should need to conservation treatment because of black discoloration and seriously numerous cracks. Vertical and horizontal cracks in the monument are developed following stratification and argillaceous veinlets that are relatively low coherence between the rock materials. We have proved that the material inducing discoloration on the surface is carbon which is formed by deposited organic matters. As the result of the ultrasonic measurements, although highly surface weathering degree, the physical properties of the Unhyungung Water Container is confirmed slightly weathered state. The depths of cracks in the monument are calculated at maximum 60mm in some cracks completely penetrating into the wall and at minimum 9mm in the other crack. The cracks, developed following veinlet, are revealed that there penetrate from an outer wall to an inside wall for the monument. And most depths of cracks, developed following stratification, are calculated 20 to 30mm. This result will offer a significant data for conservation of the Unhyungung Water Container.

도시유역 내 우수 침투시설 적용에 따른 유출저감효과 및 설치비용 비교

이경섭 ( Kyung Sub Lee ),김환석 ( Hwan Seok Kim ),박기정 ( Gi Jung Park ),김상단 ( Sang Dan Kim ),유철상 ( Chul Sang Yoo ),윤재영 ( Jae Young Yoon ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2008 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2008 No.-

會計規制의 本質과 經濟的 結果에 관한 硏究

金東律,朴基丁 釜山外國語大學校貿易經營硏究所 1987 貿易經營論集 Vol.3 No.-

Accounting regulation refers to explicit legislative and adminstrative controls over the process of selection of specific alternative reporting method,measurement systems, and disclosure techniques form among all that might be available for financial reporting by business enterprises. The fundamental dispute over regulation has been between those who consider and it is necessary that those who do not. The grounds for rupporting segulation is that there is economic disequilibrium. On the other hand, those who consider that regulation is not necessary contend that it entails costs being incurred by information producers; that these are not justified in terms of the pricing mechanism for securities; and that mechamisms already exist for adequate disclosure of an assumption that some regulation of the providers of financial information is necessary. Accounting regulation is viewed in terms of conceptual framework and then in terms of political process. Conceptual framework views involve continuing basically along present lines with the hope that the conceptual framework will provide a pursuasive justification for the present accounting regulation and an operational guidline for the future accounting regulation. This conceptual framework has either been the traditional one of the true income or the more recent one of decision-usefulness. The proponents of the former see accounting as finanical mapmaking and accounts as maps. The better map, the more completely it represents the complex phenomena that are being mapped. On the other hand, the proponents of the decision-usefulness approach attach more importance to the function the accounts perform than the appropriate measures to represent events. They argue that financial reporting should provide information that is useful to present and potential investors and creditors and other users in making rational investment, credit, and similar decisions. An alternative view is that accounting must be seen as political process. This view is opposed to the above view that the problems of accounting can be soived by the exploration and adoption of a conceptual framework. Those who have discussed accounting regulation as constrained by political processes are partitioned into those who contend that regulation should be political and those who contend that it can only be political. they imply That the different interests of different parties lead to the conclusion that, since an optimal solution of the the incompatibilities between them is infeasible, some political solution is required. The self-interes perspective is characterised by its focus upon the self-interests of individuals. From the self-interest perspective the existence of any such criteria is regarded primarily as a political as opposed to a rational outcome, as it is seen to be the result of power struggles between individuals pursuing irreconcilably different self-interests. In contrast, the worldview perspective focusses upon individuals' affiliation to shared values or ways of seeing. The self-interest perspective and the worldview perspective in relation to the actions of three parties involved in accounting regulation : companies, firms of accountants, and standard setting bodies are evaluated. First, in respect to companies-the providers of information-it is suggested that the worldview approach is richer because it appreciates that managers may express a range of views when making representation on behalf of industry. Sccond, in respect to firms of accountants the inadeauacy of self-interests perspective is found to be even more apparent because they have consistently supported information users, not their clients, information providers. Finally in respect to the standard setting bodies it is submitted that their support of user needs is better understood by reference to their past conditioning and present beliefs than in term of any self-interested concern to satisty user needs. However, the worldview perspective appears limited in two respects. In conclusion, economic consequences that affect specific industries, individuals, or corporations cannot be ignored and individuals and corporations should have an opportunity to be heard.