Full speed range position‑sensorless compound control scheme for PMSMs

Pu Liu,Di Liu,Yongpeng Shen,Ankang Liu,Xiaoliang Yang,Jun Zhao 전력전자학회 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.8

At low speeds, a high frequency signal injection method for the position-sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) produces additional power loss and position estimation delay. Meanwhile, at high speeds, the sliding mode observer (SMO) method has a chattering problem. With a focus on these problems, a full speed range position-sensorless compound control approach is proposed in this paper. First, the phase relationship between the different coordinate systems of the I/F control, and the mechanism of the chattering phenomenon of a sliding mode observer are analyzed. Then the full speed range position-sensorless control approach based on a combination of I/F control and an extended sliding mode observer is constructed. Through feeding back the estimated back electromotive force to the calculation of the stator current observer and using the rotated influence immune phase-locked loop, the innovative extended-SMO effectively improves the chattering phenomenon. Furthermore, the smooth transition between the two control schemes is achieved by a current slope decrement switching controller. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed full speed range position-sensorless compound control approach for PMSMs is validated on a surface PMSM experimental bench.

Effects of artificial diet on the biological characteristics of the ladybeetle Coccinella septempunctata

Liu Chao,Liu Hongling,Wu Xinglong,Xiao Kejun,He Hengguo,Huang Qiong,Pu Deqiang 한국곤충학회 2022 Entomological Research Vol.52 No.4

The ladybeetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus is an important natural enemy of aphids, scale insects, whitefly, and lepidopteran larvae. Mass rearing of this natural enemy is limited due to the lack of effective artificial feed. We compared the biological performance of C. septempunctata, reared on four artificial diets (A, B, C, and D), while the pea aphid Aphis craccivora served as a control treatment (CK). Results showed that the developmental time before emergence ranked from short to long follow as: CK (12.30d)<D(16.66d)<A(17.38d)<C (17.54d)<B (18.57d). The eclosion rate of larvae ranked from high to low follow as: CK (90.00%) > C (87.50%) = D (87.50%) > B(80.00%)> A (57.50%), and new adult weight from high to low follow as: CK (339.50 g*0.0001) > A (205.33 g*0.0001) > D (197.68 g*0.0001) > B (174.89 g*0.0001) > C (169.46 g*0.0001). The ratios of fecundity between the experimental group and the control group were 80.46% (A), 39.24% (B), 45.31% (C), and 53.02% (D). The hatch rates were 59.50% (A), 46.00% (B), 57.65% (C), 54.50% (D), and 53.88% (CK). The mortality of C. septempunctata adults fed on a combined artificial diet was higher than those fed on the control diet. Compared to the control diet, C. septempunctata did not significantly reduce oviposition when fed on artificial diet A. Therefore, diet A can be used in mass-rearing of C. septempunctata.

The Study on China-EU Relations from the Perspective of the French Institute of International Relations

Liu Mingyi,Pu Jiaqi,Pu Jing 아시아사회과학학회 2021 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.4 No.2

In 2019, the European Commission published its Strategic Outlook, which described China as a partner, economic competitor and systemic rival (European Commission, 2019). As Europe struggles with the survival crisis caused by the COVID- 19 epidemic, the complexity of its relationship with China is fully revealed. The year 2020 marks the 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the European Union, which was originally an important year for China-EU relations. Sudden epidemics disrupted the established diplomatic schedules of China and the EU, and many political, economic, trade and cultural cooperation agendas were temporarily postponed. At the same time, the original differences between the two sides are becoming more and more complicated with different understandings and responses to the epidemic situation. The epidemic poses a challenge to both sides’ ability to respond to public health emergencies, and at the same time, it also poses a major test to the political mutual trust between the two sides. How to promote the healthy development of China-EU relations has become a topic for scholars to think about. France is an important driving force for European integration and plays an important role in European affairs. France’s perception of China-EU relations influences the attitude towards the interaction between China and Europe, and think tank is an important way to understand a country’s policies. Therefore, we can learn about France’s interpretation of China-EU relations through the relevant reports of the French Institute of International Relations, the most famous think tank in France, and the strategic interests of Europe in France’s eyes will help us to promote the development of China-EU relations.

Hydrogeochemical signatures origin of a karst geothermal reservoir–the Sinian Dengying Formation in northern Guizhou, China

Pu Liu,Zhengshan Chen,Ganlu Wang,Tie Mao,Chao Li,Yanan Zhou,Hong Xie,Tong Xiang 한국지질과학협의회 2024 Geosciences Journal Vol.28 No.1

The karst geothermal reservoir, Sinian Dengying Formation was investigated from the hydrogeochemical perspective. Integrated techniques including XRD + SEM, isotopes, saturation index and PHREEQC modeling were applied. With 37.3–72 ?, the targeted waters indicate low-mediate temperature geothermal reservoir. The CO2 concentration in the geothermal waters varies from 1.2 mg/L to 52.42 mg/L, and the log(PCO2) value ranges from −2.53 to −1.29, indicating an open carbonate system. A further D-18O stable isotope analysis addresses the geothermal waters are replenished by meteoric water from +815.52 m to +1427.78 m. Strong water-rock interactions are indicated by apparent 18O shift. The dominating hydrochemical type is SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg with some Cl-Na. The CO2-TDS-SI-Carbonates comprehensive analysis illustrate the origin of Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3−, mainly from dolomite. The correlation of 18O-SO42-SI_Gypsum gives sound evidence for the processes of gypsum dissolution. Three inverse models were established and the results showed, that geothermal waters are controlled by two major factors: 1) the adjacent location to salt basin geological profiles with halite dissolution; and 2) the clay minerals such as Na-montmorillonite causing cation exchanges between Na+ and Ca2+ in the geothermal waters, resulting in excess of Na in relation to Cl concentrations.

Electroacupuncture Improves Insulin Resistance by Reducing Neuroprotein Y/ Agouti-Related Protein Levels and Inhibiting Expression of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Diet-induced Obese Rats

Xia Liu,Jun-Feng He,Ya-Ting Qu,Zhi-Jun Liu,Qing-Yang Pu,Shengtong Guo,Jia Du,Peng-Fei Jiang 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.2

Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to exert beneficial effects on obesity, but the mechanism is unclear. This study investigated the effects of EA on diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Fifty male SpragueeDawley rats were randomly divided into low-fat diet (LFD, 10 rats) and high-fat diet (HFD, 40 rats) groups. After the DIO models had been established, successful model rats were randomly divided into HFD, EA, and orlistat (OLST) groups. The EA group received EA at Zusanli (ST36) and Quchi (LI11) for 20 minutes once per day for 28 days. The OLST group was treated with orlistat by gavage. The body weight, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, adipocyte diameters, and neuroprotein Y/agouti-related protein and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B levels were significantly lower in the EA group than in the HFD group. The rats of the OLST group showed watery stools and yellow hairs whereas those of the EA group had regular stools and sleek coats. The effect of EA on weight loss may be related to improved insulin resistance caused by changes in the adipocyte size and by reductions in the expressions of neuroprotein Y/agouti-related protein and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. This study indicates that EA may be a better method of alternative therapy for treating obesity and other metabolic diseases.

Assessing the Blood Supply Status of the Focal Ground-Glass Opacity in Lungs Using Spectral Computed Tomography

Guanfu Liu,Mengying Li,Guosheng Li,Zhiyong Li,Ailian Liu,Renwang Pu,Huizhi Cao,Yijun Liu 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.1

Objective: To exploit material decomposition analysis in dual-energy spectral computed tomography (CT) to assess the blood supply status of the ground-glass opacity (GGO) in lungs. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 48 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, who underwent a contrast-enhanced dual-energy spectral CT scan before treatment (53 GGOs in total). The iodine concentration (IC) and water content (WC) of the GGO, the contralateral and ipsilateral normal lung tissues were measured in the arterial phase (AP) and their differences were analyzed. IC, normalized IC (NIC), and WC values were compared between the pure ground-glass opacity (pGGO) and the mixed ground-glass opacity (mGGO), and between the group of preinvasive lesions and the minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) groups. Results: The values of pGGO (IC = 20.9 ± 6.2 mg/mL and WC = 345.1 ± 87.1 mg/mL) and mGGO (IC = 23.8 ± 8.3 mg/mL and WC = 606.8 ± 124.5 mg/mL) in the AP were significantly higher than those of the contralateral normal lung tissues (IC = 15.0 ± 4.9 mg/mL and WC = 156.4 ± 36.8 mg/mL; IC = 16.2 ± 5.7 mg/mL and WC = 169.4 ± 41.0 mg/mL) and ipsilateral normal lung tissues (IC = 15.1 ± 6.2 mg/mL and WC = 156.3 ± 38.8 mg/mL; IC = 15.9 ± 6.0 mg/mL and WC = 174.7 ± 39.2 mg/mL; all p < 0.001). After normalizing the data according to the values of the artery, pGGO (NIC = 0.1 and WC = 345.1 ± 87.1 mg/mL) and mGGO (NIC = 0.2 and WC = 606.8 ± 124.5 mg/mL) were statistically different (p = 0.049 and p < 0.001, respectively), but not for the IC value (p = 0.161). The WC values of the group with preinvasive lesions and MIA (345.4 ± 96.1 mg/mL) and IA (550.1 ± 158.2 mg/mL) were statistically different (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Using dual-energy spectral CT and material decomposition analysis, the IC in GGO can be quantitatively measured which can be an indicator of the blood supply status in the GGO.

“五德終始” 說之終決

劉浦江(Liu, Pu-jiang) 경주사학회 2011 경주사학 Vol.34 No.-

Noisy label based discriminative least squares regression and its kernel extension for object identification

( Zhonghua Liu ),( Gang Liu ),( Jiexin Pu ),( Shigang Liu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.5

In most of the existing literature, the definition of the class label has the following characteristics. First, the class label of the samples from the same object has an absolutely fixed value. Second, the difference between class labels of the samples from different objects should be maximized. However, the appearance of a face varies greatly due to the variations of the illumination, pose, and expression. Therefore, the previous definition of class label is not quite reasonable. Inspired by discriminative least squares regression algorithm (DLSR), a noisy label based discriminative least squares regression algorithm (NLDLSR) is presented in this paper. In our algorithm, the maximization difference between the class labels of the samples from different objects should be satisfied. Meanwhile, the class label of the different samples from the same object is allowed to have small difference, which is consistent with the fact that the different samples from the same object have some differences. In addition, the proposed NLDLSR is expanded to the kernel space, and we further propose a novel kernel noisy label based discriminative least squares regression algorithm (KNLDLSR). A large number of experiments show that our proposed algorithms can achieve very good performance.

A Single-Arm Phase II Study of Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer

Ting Liu,Qing Li,Zhen Lin,Chunhua Liu,Wei Pu,Shasha Zeng,Jun Lai,Xuebin Cai,Lisha Zhang,Shuyang Wang,Miao Chen,Wei Cao,Hongfeng Gou,Qing Zhu 대한암학회 2024 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.56 No.2

Purpose Patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) have a poor survival. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen in Chinese advanced BTC patients.Materials and Methods Eligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic BTC administrated intravenous 100 mg/m² nab-paclitaxel, 800 mg/m² gemcitabine, and 25 mg/m² cisplatin every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and adverse events, while exploratory endpoint was the association of biomarkers with efficacy.Results After the median follow-up of 25.0 months, the median PFS and OS of 34 enrolled patients were 7.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4 to 13.7) and 16.4 months (95% CI, 10.9 to 23.6), respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events at ≥ 3 grade were neutropenia (26.5%) and leukopenia (26.5%). Survival analyses demonstrated that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels could monitor patients’ survival outcomes. A significant increase in the number of infiltrating CD4+ cells (p=0.008) and a decrease in programmed death-1–positive (PD-1+) cells (p=0.032) were observed in the response patients.Conclusion In advanced BTC patients, nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen showed therapeutic potential. Potential prognostic factors of CEA levels, number of CD4+ cells and PD-1+ cells may help us maximize the efficacy benefit.

Robust Minimum Squared Error Classification Algorithm with Applications to Face Recognition

( Zhonghua Liu ),( Chunlei Yang ),( Jiexin Pu ),( Gang Liu ),( Sen Liu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.1

Although the face almost always has an axisymmetric structure, it is generally not symmetrical image for the face image. However, the mirror image of the face image can reflect possible variation of the poses and illumination opposite to that of the original face image. A robust minimum squared error classification (RMSEC) algorithm is proposed in this paper. Concretely speaking, the original training samples and the mirror images of the original samples are taken to form a new training set, and the generated training set is used to perform the modified minimum sqreared error classification(MMSEC) algorithm. The extensive experiments show that the accuracy rate of the proposed RMSEC is greatly increased, and the the proposed RMSEC is not sensitive to the variations of the parameters.