생활하수슬러지가 토양 화학성 및 장미의 생육에 미치는 영향

최정,이동훈,박만,최충렬,김광섭 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.2

생활하수슬러지를 장미 재배지에 토양 개량제로서 시용량을 달리하여 첨가하고 장미의 생육상, 토양 및 식물체중 중금속의 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 장미 재배지에 하수슬러지를 사용하면 시용량이 증가함에 따라 신장과 비대생장이 증가했으며 주당 꽃송이도 많아 생육이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 토양 중 중금속 함량은 시용량의 증가에 따라 일정한 경향은 없었으며 식물체에 의한 대부분의 무기성부 흡수량은 하수 슬러지의 시용량에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 생활 하수 슬러지는 유해물질의 농도가 낮으면 경작지에 처리하여도 무관할 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to find out the effect of municipal sewage sludge on the growth and heavy metal content of rose and soil chemical properties. Municipal sewage sludge was applied to soil at rate of 0, 3, 5, 10 and 15 ton/10a, the plant height, flower number and stem size of rose were found to be increase in the treatments of sewage sludge. Contents of mineral nutrients in rose stem were determined to be higher at municipal sewage sludge application plots than those of no application. But, there were not any significant increases of heavy metal contents in soil and rose stem with the sludge applications. From the results of this study, it is apparent that the application of municipal sewage sludge would not increase available heavy metals in soil.

16-17세기 忠南地域 敎育中心圈域의 變化 : Chungnam Province Case

崔光晩 慶尙大學校 南冥學硏究所 2003 남명학연구 Vol.15 No.-

16-17세기 朝鮮은 정치나 학술의 측면만이 아니라 敎育制度 상으로도 새로운 변화가 나타나는 시기이다. 15세기말 전후까지 朝鮮은 官學敎育을 강화하는 데에 많은 노력을 기울였고, 그 결과 成宗 대까지 각 府, 牧, 郡, 縣 마다 鄕校가 건립되기에 이르렀다. 그러나 16세기 중반부터 관학의 보완이자 대안인 書院이 등장하기 시작하면서 이전의 교육제도에 일정한 변화가 나타나기 시작하였다. 본 고는 교육시스템을 중심으로 한 巨視的인 觀點에서 이 시기의 변화 양상과 그 의미를 살펴보려는 시도이다. 이를 위해 조선 전기의 교육체제를 구성하는 한 중요한 요소로서 敎育中心圈域에 주목하였다. 교육중심권역이란 都會라는 제도를 통하여 연결되어 있는 각 지역의 중심향교와 인근 향교의 권역의 말한다. 忠南地域의 변화 양상을 분석한 결과, 이 지역은 15세기부터 16세기 전반까지 公州牧과 洪州牧 등 2개의 중심향교를 중심으로 교육권역이 형성되었으나, 16세기 후반부터 공주목 동부(孔巖 및 儒城地域)와 동남부(連山地域)에 새로운 교육중심지가 부상하기 시작하여, 17세기에는 기존의 교육중심권역이 거의 무력화되고, 동부 및 남동부지역으로 교육중심권역이 재편되어 갔다는 점을 확인하였다. 그리고 이러한 변화는 단지 敎育圈域의 變化만이 아니라, 관학교육체제가 지향하는 敎育機會 擴大의 公的 原理가 後退하는 결과를 의미한다고 보았다. This study concentrates on the change of the educational system in Chosun Dynasty, 16C-17C. At that time, the change of the educational system seemed to be fundamental, and the educational situation seemed to develop in a different direction afterwards. What is the nature of the change? The answer needs a new approach, not micro but macro, for the curtain of the change can not be uncovered by some facts of individual schools. But until now, such macro approach was not tried. So I can not help narrowing the range of study down to Chungnam province case. The result of the study is as follows. First, the confucian public schools[Hyanggyo(鄕校)] were linked to central schools by Dohoe(都會) in the late of 15C. And they formed one or two educational districts in every provinces though loosely. In Chungnam province, Gongju(公州) public school and Hongju(洪州) public school were the central schools which the others were linked to. Second, the two educational districts in Chungnam province became weakened by the emergence of new strong private academies[Seowon(書院)] in 16C-17C. They were 'Chunghyun Academy(忠賢書院)‘ and 'Donam Academy(돈암서원)’. In the first half of the 17C, they became educational centers in the province, and the confucian scholars turned their steps to these new schools. Afterwards, the earlier educational system couldn't recover its educational power. Third, the importance of the change is not only in the shift of the educational center. The real nature of the change is that the educational equity was destroyed. For the earlier educational district functioned as a equality mechanism of the education and selection as possible. Now the fruits of education was no more given to every confucian scholars.

고려후기 교육제도사 연구동향 분석

최광만 韓國敎育史學會 2005 한국교육사학 Vol.27 No.2

This study aims at examining the trends of the current studies about the Korea Dynasty educational system in the latter period, so giving the foundation of the restarting studies about the theme. For this purpose, this study divides current studies into two domains, eg school and examination and subdivides school into three areas(Kukja-Gam, Hyang-Gyo, Private schools) and examination into two areas.(Kukja-Gam-Si, Seungbo-Si) The results are as follows; First, the current studies are lacking of the historical perspective which gives the factual correspondency between the educational phenomenon of former period and latter period. Second, the current studies are lacking of the understanding of the relationship between China and Korea in the same period. Third, the current studies are lacking of the educational theory which gives the meaning to the educational facts. Finally, the current studies are affected by political explanation. The results shows that the current studies have many difficulties in explaining the educational system of Korea Dynasty. In order to escape the difficulties, we must equip with various theoretical arms.

CVD 다이아몬드 박막의 열전도 특성

이광만,고정대,최치규 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.1

Diamond has outstanding thermal properties that make it the material of choice for heat spreading applications in microelectronic devices. In order to asses thermal properties of diamond films grown by microwave plasma CVD method, we have applied an ac thermal conductivity measurement technique where films are thermally excited at frequency w while the thermal response is measured at the third harmonic via a lock-in amplifier. This method is insensitive to errors due thermal noise. Before the application to diamond, the measurement technique was tested on fused silica and sapphire. The results were in good agreement with published values. The thermal conductivity of CVD diamond films were measured to be around 3 W/cm·K.

CVD 다이아몬드 박막의 열전도 특성

이광만,고정대,최치규 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.12 No.1

Diamond has outstanding thermal properties that make it the material of choice for heat spreading applications in microelectronic devices. In order to asses thermal properties of diamond films grown by microwave plasma CVD method. we have applied an ac thermal conductivity measurement technique where films are thermally excited at frequency ω while the thermal response is measured at the third harmonic via a lock-in amplifier. This method is insensitive to errors due thermal noise. Before the application to diamond. the measurement technique was tested on fused silica and sapphire. The results were in good agreement with published values. The thermal conductivity of CVD diamond films were measured to be around 3 W/cm·K.

배열형 전력 MOSFET의 설계 및 제작

김진형,최연익,정상구,박찬광,김충기,성만영 亞洲大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

In this paper, the design of the array type power MOSFETs is discussed in terms of on-resistance, breakdown voltage, placement of FLRs(field limiting ring) and threshold voltage. Also, 9-cell(square-on square grid) VDMOSs are fabricated to confirm the feasibility of the design method. Existence of optimum p-well spacing for minimum on-resistance, which is anticipated by the theoretical results is confirmed by the experiment of the fabricated power MOSFETs. Breakdown voltage of power MOSFET is upgraded by using two FLR's and their optimum placement is determined from the experimental results of the diodes with FLRs. The threshold voltage is controlled by the ion implantation within the design specification. Experimental results are in good agreement with the design specification. Experimental results are in good agreement with the design values. Characteristics of the fabricated power MOSFETs are 190Ω in on-resistance, 270V in breakdown voltage and 2.9V in thershold voltage.

군위지역 오이 시설 재배지의 토양특성 변화

이동훈,최충렬,김광섭,김평열,서정우,박만 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2006 慶北大農學誌 Vol.24 No.-

군위군 오이재배지역을 정밀토양도를 이용하며 토양특성을 조사하구 군위군 노지 및 시설오이 재배지토양의 물리화학적 특성을 조사하여, 연작과 관행적인 토양관리로 인하여 저하된 토양의 이화학적 특성을 오이재배에 적합한 토양으로 개량하기 위한 기초자료로 이용하고자 토양조사를 실시하였다. 조사지역은 군위군 군위읍 외랑리 오이재배단지로서 주요토양통은 토양토에 나타난 단북통과 신정들이 가장 넓게 분포하였으며, 점토함량은 시설재배지내 토양의 경우 양토이었으며, 시설재배지의 외부 토양의 경우 23.8%로 높게 나타났다. 오이 재배지 토양의 화학적 특성 결과에 대한 오이재배지 토양의 적정범위와비교하여 보면 일반적인 화학적 성질에서 서는 유효인산의 함량이 적정범위보다 높은 것을 알 수 있으며, 치환성 양이온 함량은 시설재배지의 외부토양은 적정범위에 속하나 시설재배지 내부토양은 모두 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 최상부 토양은 매우 높으나 l0cm이하는 깊이에 따라 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 오이 재배지 토양 중 중금속 함량은 모두 기준치보다 높게 나타났는데, 구리의 함량이 시설재배지가 노지재배지보다 높게 나타났다. The soils of plastic film houses in which intensive cultivation takes place suffer from the serious problems such as severe salinity and accumulation of heavy metals etc. The objective of this research was to examine the change in soil properties with repeated cucumber cultivation under plastic film house at Gunwi-Gun area. The soils were classified mainly to Danbuk and SinJung series. Clay content is lower in the soils of plastic film house than in the field soil. Available P205 and exchangeable cations were accumulated at the level higher than the optimum range. The content of extractable heavy metals were higher in the soils of plastic film house than in those of the field. For optimum yield, much attention should be paied to the management of soils by the pre-soil survey.

HDPCVD 방법에 의해 증착된 a-C:F 박막의 구조분석

양창실,최치규,이광만 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.2

In this experiments, FAC(fluorinated amorphous carbon) thin films were deposited by ICPCVD(inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition) method. CF_4 gas flow rate was changed from 20sccm to 75sccm under the fixed RF power and substrate temperature at 800W and room temperature, respectively. The samples were annealed at 300℃ and 500℃ after deposition. From FTIR and XPS analysis, we observed that a-C:F(FAC) thin film had less-cross linked structure. This a-C:F(FAC) thin film had 2.3 relative dielectric constant, and thermal stability of annealed a-C:F(FAC) thin film was better than as-deposited ones.

대구지역의 대기오염도 특성평가(I) : 지역별 및 계절별 농도변동을 중심으로 Locational and Seasonal variations

백성옥,최진수,황승만,김광은 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 대구지방환경관리청과 유관기관 등에서 과거 7년간(1988~1994년) 측정한 대기질 관련자료중 아황산가스, 분진, 일산화탄소, 질소산화물 및 오존을 대상으로 통계분석하여 각기 배출강도가 다른 지역별 농도분포 특성을 평가하였고 대구지역의 전반적인 대기질 변화추이를 파악하였다. 그 결과 각 지점별 아황산가스의 농도는 전형적인 동고하저형을 나타내었으며, 도시가스공급과 황함량규제등 연료변환 정책의 효과로 인해 점차적으로 감소하고 있는 추세를 보이고 있다. 부유분진은 결측치가 많아 장기적인 농도변화추이를 판단하기는 어려웠으나 아황산가스와 같이 큰 계절적인 변동은 보이지 않았다. 질소산화물의 전반적인 농도분포는 장기 환경기준치 50ppb를 초과하지 않는 수준이었으나 최근엔 이동배출원의 영향이 가중되어 그 농도가 꾸준히 증가하는 추세인 반면 동고하저형의 계절적인 변동을 나타내는 일산화탄소는 가정용 무연탄 사용량의 감소로 대기중 일산화탄소의 농도는 점점 감소하고 있는 추세이다. 오존은 전반적으로 일사량이 많은 하절기에 농도가 높았고 동절기에는 농도가 낮은 경향을 보였다. 한편 주요 대기오염물질의 장·단기 기준달성도를 비교분석한 결과 대구지역의 대기오염물질중 아황산가스의 고농도 발생빈도는 공업지역에 집중되어 있었으며 질소산화물과 일산화탄소는 아직은 장·단기 환경기준을 초과하지 않는 수준으로 나타났고, 분진과 오존의 경우는 공업지역 뿐만 아니라 전지역에서 그 발생빈도가 유사하게 나타났다. In this study, characteristics and distributional patterns of the concentrations of air pollutants in Taegu area were evaluated using a data-base established from the ambient air quality monitoring stations for the period of 1989 to 1994. The result of this study demonstrated that in each sampling site, the SO_2 concentrations were much higher in winter than those in summer. However, a decreasing tendency was clearly shown in the annual variation of SO_2 concentrations, largely due to the use of LPG instead of anthracite coal for local heating systems and to the fuel policy of using lower sulfur content fuel in industrial sectors. Unlike SO_2, there was no distinct seasonal variation in the concentrations of suspended particulate matter. Concentrations of NO_x were found to be generally lower than the long term ambient air quality standard (50 ppb). The NO_x concentration has been gradually increased, reflecting the rapidly increased number of vehicles In this area, while the CO levels In ambient air were declind because of the reduced use of coal for domestic purposes. The Ozone concentrations in Taegu area exhibited that there has been already photochemical smog phenomena during the summer season when the insolation is strong.

ICPCVD 방법에 의한 Nano-pore형 저유전 박막의 형성

오경숙,최치규,이광만 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.2

Si-O-C-H composite films were deposited using a ratio frequency inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition(ICPCVD) system with a BTMSM(bis trimethyl silymethane) precursor and oxygen gases. FTIR spectroscopy and XPS were used to investigate the bonding configurations such as Si-O-Si, Si-O-C and Si-CH_3 bonds in the films. From the changes in the FTIR and XPS spectra between the as-deposited and annealed film, we infer that the attachment of the Si-O-Si ring link with CH_3 groups in useful for forming a nano-sized pore in the film. It can be explained to obtain a low dielectric constant(k= 2.5)