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      • 佛蘭西 大統領과 首相間의 政策 葛藤에 關한 考察 : 右·共存體制下의 行政法案 成立過程을 中心으로 With the Central Figure of Administration Law Proposal in the left and right Cohabitation System

        朴贊洸 건국대학교 1987 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

        The speed of social chang fluctuate today very rapidly and cannot be foreseen, in consequance of the development of Higt-Tech field such as transportation and communication. Under these con-ditions, a society or a nation, whether advanced or not, will fall Into areas if it should fail to take up a challenge efficiently and to adapt itself to new circumstances. Therefore, as it is universally known, any society of nation has the proposition that national development is essential to its su-rvival. But it is impossible for a nation to develop if it sould not make the comment of its political and administrative system. In the election of the Chamber of Deputies in France held in march 16, 1986, the right wing Co-alition (UDF-RPR ) won more seats than any other parties. Acording to this result, as the left Pre-sident appointed Chirac (right-wing) as premier minister, the left-right cohabitation came into being. But as a result of this, the policy confrontation between the left and right wing became acute, and it becomes intense the conflict between the French President and its premier minister. Therefore, as it hinder her reply to challenge, it is undesirable to develop its nation. The fundamental basis of the policy-conflict between the President and its premier minister is due to the French constitution. According to this, the President holds office for seven years but the term of premier minister is two years shorter than that of president. And in consequence, the existing left-president should appoint a person who belongs to right-wing partly which hold more seats than any others as premier minister. Since it has come to this, the President is apt to fall out with premier minister in respect with the ideas and the lines of policy, and it Is inevitable to conflict for two parties. And also, tad President could not relieve the premier minister of his post within one year after he is appointed or before he tenders his resignation to the President. The President may also repel the premier minister out of his post by a dissolution of Parliament. In this case, the left party should gain predominance over right one in the following general election. In democracy, it is desirable that the President should be restrained by the party with more seats in Parliament, but undesirable that one party will gain unilateral predominance over the others. For instance, when the premier minister could take advantage of a constitutional privilege (in Article 49, Paragraph 3) and he could drive his policy by himself, the President could sue him for his com-mitments to the constitutional organization. But it is often limited by the powerful premier mirester. The frequent conflict in the process of policymaking between the French President and his premier could delay the Settlements of urgent and important matters for national development, and it could make the loss of its people's credit for their government and also could break the unifcation between government and its people. Some people insist that is is necessary to accelerate its development only "Prismatic Society"(written by Fred. Riggs). But I think it is necessary to do so not only in "the Prismatic Society" but also in "the Differentiated Society" (term also mentioned by Fred Riggs). There is the reason that U.S.A., Japan and the Western countries and situated under "the com-petitive situation toward its national development" In order to achieve national development sucessfully, above all, it is necessary to unify the relation between gouernment and its people, to be believed the Governmental policies by the people and to participate voluntarily in governmental policies, and also, to establish the systimatical, efficient Governmental administrative system. For that reason, under the left and right cohabitation system in France nowadays, we cannot see the national development if it should not get rid of matters that the conflict in the process of policy-making between the President and the premier to application of inefficiency in the political ad-ministrative system, and that the decline of the unification between gouemment and its people. In order to reply to several challenges, first of all, they have reform the political system. Accordingly, I Suggest that they should make the terms of the President an its Premier without discrimination. But they should net forget that such a reform of political system only layto the constitutional amendment. To come to this, in France, we own see the best administrative democracy ad the situation that they feared up the difficult problem about the conflict in the process of policy-making between the left President and the right premierminister. Finally, france should be confident of her development.

      • 行政發展加速化의 戰略要因에 關한 考察 : For developing countries 開途國을 中心으로

        朴贊洸 건국대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.27 No.1

        The most remarkable significancies have been appeared from the begining of the twentieth century : it is the fact that new - states which libereted from their suzain countries have been increasing sharply to this date, getting independence. These countries have been faced with serious social change and the change was so discontinuous and unstable that no one can anticipate the direction of development. Now we can call these states developing countries. Therefore their highest goal is a thing that their lagged politics, socio - economic part must make developed state. If they do not attempt to accelerate their sppeed of development, they will be still remain as undevelopmental countries. Another one that we have to consider in twentieth century is the Increase of population, the development of traffic, communication and science. This fact makes their society more complicative situation. In correction with, the services and functions of government are enlarged by these phenomens, and its administrative powers are enlarged in qualities and quantities. This trend means that administrative elite is whole manager, accelerator and stabilizer of social change. At this point, we can say that the final object of the development is based on the more advanced human life. However, Nowdays, particulary after the Industrial Revolution, the development of material civilization had made the relationship of human beings more deteriorative and estranged from leach other. It is very doubtful for us to dare say that public-pollution emerged from the most advanced industrialization is yet to be considered a affirmative by product or a state of development. We can understand that the theory of social scientific and determinative evolution established by "Dawin" can not resolve the difficulties of developing countires being faced with problems of administrative development, nor can it be resolved even if the theory of comparison founded. At this point, we can say that the final object of the developemnt is based on the more advanced human life. However, nowdays, particularly after the industrial revolution, the development of material civilization had made the relationship of human beings more deterative and estranged from each other. It is very doubtful for us to dare say that public - pollutions emerged from the most advanced industrialization is yet to be considered a positive by - product, of a state of development. We can understand that the theory of social scientific and determinative evolution established by "Dawin" can not resolve the difficulties of developing countries being faced with problems of administrative development, nor can it be resolved even if the theory of comparison founded by "Gabriel Almond" be adopted. We can also understand that the problem of developing countries is still remain unresolved, even though a particular consideration be given there to. Consequently, there is no way to meet the problem of developing countries, since the universality, objectivity, and particularity as well as the time period are related to it. Therefore the problem of administrative acceleration for developing countries should be reviewed on the basis of Fourth Dimensional time - space theories - for more affirmative administrative development, since neither the combination of universality and particularity, nor the combination of particularity and time period can serve the purpose. When the universality is not ruled out by the particularity and a balance is maintained between the former and the later as well as the movement of time, period, the development of the developing countries will be advanced. As we review the problem under this circumstance and presumption, the factor of acceleration of development have to be studied on the basis of relationships between leaders (including elite administrator) find organization members because elite administrators of developing noun tries should take charge of leading role in their development, and because their viewpoint' and movement are decisive factor whether it goes to the affirmative direction or to the negative one. Bureaucratic elite must respect the universality of human beings and also should attain sucessful out - put. If the bureaucracy becomes decisive factor of development - variable and it displays a leading role in achieving their countrie's affirmative development, internal and systemic control should be given to them on one hand (on the foundation of universality). On the other hand, bureaucratic elites should be controlled externally by systematic organizations such as Congress, Court, pressure - group and group for profit.

      • 얕은 소오스/드레인 접합깊이가 deep submicron CMOSFET 소자 특성에 미치는 영향

        노광명,고요환,박찬광,황성민,정하풍,정명준 대한전자공학회 1996 전자공학회논문지-A Vol.33 No.4

        With the MOsES (mask oxide sidewall etch scheme)process which uses the conventional i-line stepper and isotropic wet etching, CMOSFET's with fine gate pattern of 0.1.mu.m CMOSFET device, the screening oxide is deposited before the low energy ion implantation for source/drain extensions and two step sidewall scheme is adopted. Through the characterization of 0.1.mu.m CMOSFET device, it is found that the screening oxide deposition sheme has larger capability of suppressing the short channel effects than two step sidewall schem. In cse of 200.angs.-thick screening oxide deposition, both NMOSFET and PMOSFET maintain good subthreshold characteristics down to 0.1.mu.m effective channel lengths, and show affordable drain saturation current reduction and low impact ionization rates.

      • 배열형 전력 MOSFET의 설계 및 제작

        김진형,최연익,정상구,박찬광,김충기,성만영 亞洲大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

        In this paper, the design of the array type power MOSFETs is discussed in terms of on-resistance, breakdown voltage, placement of FLRs(field limiting ring) and threshold voltage. Also, 9-cell(square-on square grid) VDMOSs are fabricated to confirm the feasibility of the design method. Existence of optimum p-well spacing for minimum on-resistance, which is anticipated by the theoretical results is confirmed by the experiment of the fabricated power MOSFETs. Breakdown voltage of power MOSFET is upgraded by using two FLR's and their optimum placement is determined from the experimental results of the diodes with FLRs. The threshold voltage is controlled by the ion implantation within the design specification. Experimental results are in good agreement with the design specification. Experimental results are in good agreement with the design values. Characteristics of the fabricated power MOSFETs are 190Ω in on-resistance, 270V in breakdown voltage and 2.9V in thershold voltage.

      • SAW Self-Aligned Selectively Grown W-GAte) MOSFETs (SAW (Self-Algined Selectively Grown W-Gate) MOSFETs의 제작 및 특성 분석

        황성민,노광명,정명준,허민,정하풍,서정원,박찬광,고요환,이대훈,Hwang, Seong-Min,Rho, Kwang-Myoung,Chung, Myung-Jun,Huh, Min,Jeong, Ha-Poong,Suh, Jeong-Won,Park, Chan-Kwang,Koh, Yo-Hwan,Lee, Dai-Hoon 대한전자공학회 1995 전자공학회논문지-A Vol.32 No.6

        We proposed SAW (Self-Algined Selectively Grown W-Gate) MOSFET structure, and strudied electrical characteristics of the fabricated SAW MOSFETs. The threshold volgate of 0.21${\mu}$m SAW NMOSFET was 0.18 V and that of 0.24 ${\mu}$m SAW PMOSFET was -0.16 V. The subthreshold slope was 74 mV/decade for NMOSFET and 82 mV/decade for PMOSFET. The maximum transconductance of NMOSFET and PMOSFET, at V$_{GS}$=2.5 V and V$_{DS}$=1.5 V, were260 mS/mm and 122 mS/mm. The measured saturation drain current at V$_{GS}$=V$_{DS}$ =2.5 V was 0.574 mA/${\mu}$m for NMOSFET and -0.228 mA/${\mu}$m for PMOSFET. The gate resistance of SAW MOSFET was about m$\Omega$cm and the n+-p junction capacitance of SAW MOSFET was about 10% lowas than that of the conventional MOSFET's.

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