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기능성 Zeolite-KCIO₃ 복합체에 의한 Chlorothalonil의 분해
최충렬,박만,이동훈,이병묵,이인구,최정,김장억 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Salt occlusion in zeolite is a unique phenomenon that takes place only when the salt size is similar to the window size of host zeolite. KClO₃-occluded zeolite, as an environment-friendly oxidant, has a high potential for effective removal of various organic pollutants. This study was carried to investigate the characteristics and the removal kinetics of fungicide chlorothalonil by zeolite-KClO₃ complex. About 10% of KClO₃ was occluded in zeolite pores synthesized by salt-thermal method from fly ash, although the occlusion amount was relatively less compared to that of nitrate salts. By occlusion with KClO₃, no remarkable changes were found in X-ray diffraction patterns of cancrinite, whereas some decrease of overall peak intensities was found with those of sodalite. Different releasing kinetics of ClO^(-)₃ ion were observed in distilled water and soil solution from zeolite-KClO₃ complex. Two reactions, hydration and diffusion, seem to be related with the release of KClO₃. Therefore, the release isotherm of ClO^(-)₃ ion well fitted to the power function model which indicate the release was made by hydration and diffusion. The removal of chlorothalonil by zeolite and KClO₃ reached at reaction equilibrium within 6 hours by 18% and 47%, respectively. However, the chlorothalonil removal by the zeolite-KClO₃ complex increased slowly and steadily up to 92% in 96 hours. These findings suggested that zeolite-KClO₃ complex could be applied for effective removal of organic contaminants in the soil and aqueous environment.
Mesoporous Titanium Oxo-Phosphate에 의한 살균제 Chlorothalonil의 광분해
최충렬,김병하,이병묵,최정,이인구,김장억 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.4
Mesoporous titanium oxo-phosphate(Ti-MCM)은 기존의 유기성 오염물질의 광분해제로 널리 이용되고 있는 TiO₂에 비해 표면적이 매우 넓은 장점이 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 Ti-MCM에 의한 chlorothalonil의 흡착 및 광분해 특성을 TiO₂와 비교하였다. 합성된 Ti-MCM은 hexagonal 형태로 d-spacing이 4.1 ㎚이었다. 암조건에서 TiO₂에 의한 chlorothalonil의 흡착은 거의 일어나지 않았으나, Ti-MCM에 의한 흡착은 반응 1시간까지 28%로 급격히 증가하여 흡착평형에 도달하였다. UV조사 하에서 반응 9시간 후의 TiO₂와 Ti-MCM에 의한 chlorothalonil의 제거율은 각각 88%와 100%로 나타났다. 그러나 정치상태에서의 광분해 속도는 chlorothalonil과 Ti-MCM사이의 낮은 접촉에 의한 반응성의 감소로 느린 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 Ti-MCM에 의한 chlorothalonil의 분해효율은 용액의 초기 농도가 낮을수록, pH 7까지 반응용액의 pH가 높을수록 증가하였다. Titanium mesoporous materials have received increasing attention as a new photocatalyst in the field for photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds, The photocatalytic degradation of chlorothlonil by mesoporous titanium oxt-phosphate (Ti-MCM) was investigated in aqueous suspension for comparison with TiO₂ (Degussa, P25) using as an effective photocatalyst of organic pollutants. Mesoporous form of titanium phosphate has been prepared by reaction of sulfuric acid and titanium isopropoxide in the presence of n-hexadecy(trimethylammonium bromide. The XRD patterns of Ti-MCM are hexagonal phases with d-spacings of 4.1 nm. Its adsorption isotherm for chlorothalonil reached at reaction equilibrium within 60 min under dark condition with 28% degradation efficiency. The degradation ratio of chlorothalonil after 9 hours under the UV radiation condition (254 nm) exhibited 100% by TI-MCM and 88% by TiO₂. However, these degradation kinetics in static state showed a slow tendency compared to that of stirred state because of a low contact between titanium matrices and chlorothalonil. Also, degradation efficiency of chlorothalonil was increased with decreasing initial concentration and with increasing pH of solution. As results of this study, it was clear that mesoporous titanium oxo-phosphate with high surface area and crystallinity could be used to photocatalytic degradation of various organic pollutants.
FA-Zeolite A 및 X에 의한 수용액 중 양이온성 제초제의 흡착
최충렬 ( Choong Lyeal Choi ),여상운 ( Sang Woon Yeo ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ),박만 ( Man Park ) 韓國環境農學會 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.4
The purpose of this study is to elucidate the adsorption properties of fly ash (FA)-derived zeolites A and X for the divalent cationic herbicides, paraquat and diquat. Their adsorption isotherms were well fitted to the Langmuir equation, indicating that adsorption mainly occurred on the crystal surface. FA-zeolite X showed a higher adsorption capacity than that of FA-zeolite A due to wide pore window size in spite of its low CEC. The equilibrium adsorption increased with increasing the reaction temperature because of the enhanced molecule activity and the thermal expansion of zeolite pore windows. Overall, these results demonstrated that the FA-zeolite synthesized from fly ash could be used as a low-cost mineral adsorbent for the removal of environmental cationic organic pollutants from the aqueous solution.