Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

초등학교 어린이의 선수 활동을 통한 사회성 변화 연구

이완섭,배종진,강진구 춘천교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2003 敎育硏究 Vol.20 No.-

전문대학 경영과 교과과정 개선방안에 관한 연구

이재구,남궁랑,함도훈,박주현,이종만 경복대학 1997 京福論叢 Vol.1 No.-

최근 대학교육은 교육시장의 개방으로 경쟁이 더욱 치열해 지고 있다. 이러한 경쟁에서 살아 남기 위해서는 보다 새로운 교과과정의 개편이 필요하며, 전문대학 경영과 또한 예외는 아니다. 본 연구에서는 본교 경영과의 교과과정 개선방안으로서 코스별 전공제 운영, 실무중심의 교육, 교과목의 수정 및 확충, 졸업자격제시행 등에 대한 방안을 제시하였다. 코스별 전공제 운영 방안에 대해 특히 심도있게 살펴보았으며, 이러한 개선방안에 대한 세부운영방안을 수립하고 빠른 시일내에 시행하여야 한다. Nowadays, college's education trend to compete more than before according to open of education market. On this tendency, it needs not only new reform of curriculum in order to survival, but also BA department's curriculum of in this study, the important program of our BA department. Suggest operation of course specialization system, practice oriented education, modification and enlargement of curriculum, graduation-requirements system, and other alternatives. Specially we studied hard about operation of course specialization system, we hard to establish the detail operation alternatives on the improvement program within few day and we must implement it.

교육, 훈련, 개발 중심의 HRD실행전략에 관한 연구

이지훈,이종구 한국직업능력개발원 2004 직업능력개발연구 Vol.7 No.1

Employees were called for new technology and a response behavior in coming 21c knowledge-based society and change of business environment. It is very important that organizational structure of organic and flexible, induce to consistent behavior of members. Therefore modem organization must be developing education & training of new technology and consciousness, attitude and behavior of members in various environment. Specially, important increasing to change of science, technology, culture, knowledge human resource & HRD. So, we will need practice to strategic HRD approach in government, university & corporate. And HRD differentiate from technical training in short term and only oriented-performance training. The key factors in basic HRD that understanding of needs & behavior, basic & professional learning, building trust, clear communication and adaptation of diverse approach methods. 21세기 지식기반사회의 도래와 경영환경의 다양한 변화 속에서의 조직(구성원)은 신기술의 습득은 물론 환경 변화에 대한 적절한 대응행동을 요구받고 있다. 이를 위해서 조직 및 구성원들은 주어진 내외적인 변화에 신속히 적응할 수 있는 유기적이고 신축적인 조직구조와 일관성 있는 조직구성원의 행동을 유도, 조성하는 일이 더욱 중요해진다. 따라서 현대 조직은 신기술에 대한 교육훈련 뿐만 아니라 다변화 환경에 적합한 조직구성원의 의식과 태도 및 행동을 개발하지 않으면 안된다. 특히 지식기반의 경영조직 체제하에서의 과학기술 및 정보기술의 발전 및 사회문화적인 발전과 변화로 인한 지식인적자원(KHR)의 증가는 교육훈련 및 경력개발의 중요성을 증대시키는 동시에 이에 따른 인적자원개발(Human Resource Development)의 중요성을 한층 더 높여주고 있다. 따라서 성공적인 인적자원개발전략을 위해서는 인적자원에 대한 정부, 대학 및 기업 조직과 개인차원에서의 장기적이고 일관성 있는 전략적 HRD접근이 실행되어야 한다. 또한 HRD와 조직 및 개인의 역량성과에 대한 평가와 의미부여는 다양한 기준을 통해 종합적으로 실행되어야 하고, 단기적이고 가시적인 성과만을 기대하는 기술훈련차원의 단기교육과는 차별화되어야 하며, 또한 HRD시스템의 연계성을 체계화하려는 노력이 더해진다면 성과는 크게 향상되리라 본다. 이러한 기본적 인간개발에 요구되는 주요사항으로는 인간욕구와 행동의 이해, 기본적인 전문학습, 신뢰구축, 명확한 커뮤니케이션, 조직공헌, 다양한 접근방법의 적용 등을 들 수 있다.

B형 간염 바이러스 단백질에 있어서 HLA-A2에 의해 표현되는 Epitope 펩타이드 들의 분석

이희구,임종석,김승목,이기영,김희수,김승호,권태종,최인성,정태화,김길현 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) are an important component in host defense mechanism against viral infection. They can recongnize virus-derived peptides presented by the ClassⅠ MHC molecule at the cell surface of the infected cells. On searching for effective CTL epitopes of hepatitis B virus(HBV), we synthesized a distinct set of 9-10 mer peptide containing amino acid sequence of hepatitis B virus surface proteion that are selected on the basis of a computer modeling and the previously described HLA-A2 specific motifs. Binding assay of the synthetic peptides to HLA-A2 molecules using human antigen processing defectantn T2 cells showed what 3 out of 4 synthetic peptides enhaced the expression of HLA-A2 molemule on T2 cell surface. Two anchor positions, namely P2 and P9(or P10) appeared to play a decisive role for binding. Structural chacteristics of the peptides addressed by molecular dynamics simulation was analysed and compared. These peptides also parially triggerd CTL isolatied frmo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HBV positive patients, and the response was peptide-specific. These results showed that negatively-charged amino acid residue at P2 hampered binding affinity of the peptides to HLA-A2 molecules, and that binding affinity of the peptides are not always reflected by thier immunogenicity among natural T cell repertoire.

연봉제 임금체계의 국제비교에 대한 탐색적 접근에 관한 연구

이종구;김호원 경희대학교 산업관계연구소 2006 産硏論叢 Vol.31 No.-

Salary system of the developed countries is based on the annual salary system. There are some slight differences among the systems in the countries, though, those countries have the foundation of long history and the prevalence so as to have settled annual salary system in common. This research is to compare and analyze the structure and characteristics of annual salary systems of the United States, Japan, Germany and the one of Korea. The research has been conducted as the exploratory study on the annual salary system of the US, Japan, Germany with domestic and foreign data. Meanwhile, the empirical analysis has been performed for 71 companies of Korea, which had adopted the annual salary system, to derive the types of the system. In this way, the research could perform the comparison and analysis between the system of the advanced countries and the one of Korea, which is still early on, in terms of the types, the application positions, valuation system, change range of annual pay and the purpose of the system adoption. After this, some suggestions for adopting original annual salary system in Korean companies could be deducted. The result of this research shows that the merit pay system has not accomplished the original goal in the America. As for Japan, the annual salary system had an obstacle of some difficulties to have objective valuation, and the companies maintained seniority-based pay system in general like in Korea. Therefore, Korean companies need to have a care not to adopt American-style merit pay system totally and abolish seniority-based pay system, which has been basis of the salary system, in process of expanding and adopting the annual salary system in Korea. In the beginning, it is considerable to build korean-style annual salary system, which has an influence of employee's performance, with the seniority-based system. The influence of the performance and the ability on the payment can be increased after managing better valuation system.

원광대학교병원 응급실에 내원한 치과 응급 환자에 대한 임상적 연구

이동근,민승기,양찬영,문철,김종구 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.1

This is a retrospective clinical study on 3,243 patients who had visited the Emergency Room of Wonkwang University Hospital and then been treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery during recent 5 years from Jan. 1, 1996 to Dec. 31, 2000. The obtained results were as follows : The total number of patients was 3,243 and the ratio of sex was 1.86:1. The highest monthly incidence was shown in October and March to 19%, and the age distribution peaks was the 3rd decade(24.7%), followed by the 1st(21.7%) and the 4th decade(15.7%). The percentage of admission were 4.8%. The frequent cause of admission were facial bone fracture(70%), infection(16%), soft tissue injury(14%). Trauma(70.9%) was the most frequent cause in dental emergency patients, odontogenic infection(24.3%), oral hemorrhage and TMJ dislocation were next in order of frequency. About the cause for trauma, traffic accident was the most, and fall down, slip down injury and assault were followed. Soft tissue injury group(56%) was the most prevalent, followed by tooth injury group(27%) and facial bone injury group(17%). In facial bone injury group, the mandibular fracture(55%) showed the highest incidence followed by zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, nasal bone fracture, maxilla fracture, and zygomatic arch fracture. In the mandibular fracture, symphysis(40%) was the most common location followed by condyle(29.4%), angle(22.1%), and body area(8.5%). Tooth fracture showed the highest incidence as 35% followed by subluxation(29%), avulsion(20%), and concussion(16%). In infection patients group, the ratio of admission was 5.8% and the major visiting cause was acute pulpitis(32.3%). The major treatment method was the incision and drainage(30%) followed by endodontic treatment(28%), curettage(22%), extraction(7.8%), and so forth. In TMJ dislocation group, the highest incidence age was 3rd decade and 4th decade(51%). In post-operative bleeding group, the major cause of bleeding was non-fulfillment of doctor's instruction and bleeding was almost stoped by only gauze biting.

만경강 상류 수질 및 식생분포와 토양환경에 따른 하천식생의 종 다양성

이경보,김창환,이덕배,김종구,박찬원,나승용 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.2

만경강 상류유역 수질 및 하천식생 군락 변화를 조사 분석하여 수질에 따른 하천식생의 종 다양성 및 토양요인에 따른 종 다양성의 변화를 평가하기 위하여 2001년 6월부터 2002년 9월까지 만경강 상류유역 5개 조사지점을 선정한 후 조사를 실시하였다. 수질중 T-N의 농도는 전주천과 삼천에서 높았으며, 겨울철에 전주천에서 7.45 mg/L로 가장 높았다. 무기태 질소 성분벽 함량은 NH₄-N 경우 고산천과 소양천 유역은 0.01~0.06 mg/L 범위로 계절별 커다란 차이가 없는 낮은 농도를 나타냈으나, 생활하수가 유입되는 전주천과 삼천에서는 0.77~3.01 mg/L로 계절별로 큰 차이를 보였다. T-P의 농도는 계절별로 비슷하였으나 전주천에서 겨울천에 0.89 mg/L로 가장 높았다. 계절별 BOD의 농도는 고산천과 소양천 유역에서 0.92~2.14 mg/L를 나타내었으나 생활하수가 유입되는 유역에서는 2.01~7.65 mg/L범위를 보였다. SO₄²^(-)의 농도는 농업용수 수질기준인 50 mg/L를 초과하는 지역은 없었으며 소양천에서 다소 높았다. 만경강 지류인 고산천에서 조사된 식물은 59과 과 129속 165종 20변종으로 총 185종류가 조사되었으며, 소양천에서 조사된 식물은 53과 111속 141종 19변종으로 총 160종이었고, 전주천 하류에서 조사된 식물은 37과 68속 86종 15변종으로 총 103종이었다. 그리고 삼천에서 조사된 식물은 32과 92속 110종 18변종으로 총 128종류 조사되었으며, 만경강 본류인 하리유역에서 조사된 식물은 73과 134속 218종 33변종으로 총 251종류가 조사되었는데 식물의 생활형에 따라 분류하면 침수식물이 13종, 부엽식물이 5종, 부유식물이 2종, 추수식물이 26종, 수생식물이 46종, 습생식물이 47종으로 조사지점중 이 지역의 식생이 가장 다양하였다. 식물사회학적 방법에 따라 분류된 하천식생의 식물군락은 10개의 수생식물 군락과 2개의 습생 및 수변식물 군락으로 대별되어졌다. 이들 군락들에 대한 4종류(종수, 종의 풍부도지수, 종의 이질성지수, 종의 균등도지수)의 종 다양성과 토양요인(pH, EC, 유기물 함량, 전질소, 인삭)과의 관계를 분석한 결과 pH가 높을수록 4종류의 종 다양성 지수는 높아 졌으며, EC는 값이 높을수록 종수(SN), 종의 풍부도지수(SR), 종의 이질성지수(H'), 종의 균등도지수(J')가 낮아 졌다. 또한 유기물 함량(OM)과 전질소(T-N)의 경우도 4종류의 다양성지수와는 부의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 인산(P₂O_(5))은 4종류의 다양성 지수의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않았다. This study was conducted to evaluate influence of chemical properties in the riparian on the species diversity and to get plant information for enhancement of natural purification in Mankyeong River. The concentration of total nitrogen was high in Jeonju and Sam stream, while that of total nitrogen showed the highest peak in Winter. Concentrations of NH₄-N was 0.01-0.06 ㎎/L in Gosan and Soyang stream. The water quality of upstream along with Mankyeong River was suitable for the imgation source. The riparian vegetation was investigated by Zurich-Montpellier school's method from June, 2001 to September, 2002. The number of riparian plants were 59 families, 129 genera, 165 species, 20 varieties in Gosancheon, on the while 53 families, 111 genera, 141 species, 19 varieties in Soyangcheon The number of riparian plants in Hari basin was higher than that of other sites namely, 73 families, 134 genera, 218 species, 33 varieties. Riparian vegetation was consisted of 12 plant communities. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity had negative relationship with species diversity (Species richness index, Heterogeneity index, Species evenness index, Species number). On the while, species diversity had positive relationship with soil pH. Species diversity of the plant communities were affected by topography and disturbance.

동진강의 식물상과 식생

이경보,김창환,이덕배,김종구,박찬원 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.1

동진강 일대의 인위적인 교란에 의한 하천식생의 복원 및 복구를 위한 기초적인 자료를 제공하고자 2001년 6월부터 2002년 3월까지 하천식생의 종 구성, 하천형태에 따른 군락의 구조, 현존식생의 분포 등을 종합적으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다.동진강 유역에서 조사된 하천식생은 73과 188속 238종 33변종 1품종으로 총 272종류가 조사되었다. 또한 관속식물의 생활형에 따라 분류하면 침수식물이 23종, 부엽식물이 7종, 부유식물이 2종, 정수식물이 18종, 습생식물이 53종, 수변식물이 168종이었으며, 수생식물과 습생식물은 각각 50종과 53종류로 전체 조사된 272종류 중 37.9%를 차지하였다. 식물생활형의 분포비율은 휴면형 1년생 식물이 97종 35.7%, 수생식물이 78종 28.7%, 반지중식물이 41종 15.1%, 지중식물이 22종 8.1%, 지표식물이 12종 4.4%가 관찰되었다.동진강 상류유역의 식물군락은 검정말군락, 검정말-실말군락, 붕어마름군락, 달뿌리풀군락, 고마리군락, 큰황새냉이군락, 여뀌군락 등 총 8개의 식물군락이 분포하였다. 동진강 중류유역은 수생식물인 줄과 갈대군락, 그리고 수변식물군락으로 고마리군락, 교란지식생인 환삼덩굴군락 등 총4개 군락이 분포하였고, 동진강 하류 유역은 자라풀군락, 붕어마름군락, 마름군락, 줄군락, 갈대군락의 5개 습생식물군락과 털물참새피군락, 고마리군락의 2개 습생식물군락, 새콩 등의 나대지 식물군락 등 총 8개 식물군락이 관찰되었다 This study was conducted to get some vegetation information and to find out a way to conserve the ecosystem in the Dongjin River. The riparian vegetation was investigted by Zurich-Montpellier school's method from June 2001 to March 2002. The number of riparian plants were 73 families, 188 genera, 238 species, 33 varietles or 272 Taxa in Dongjin River. The characteristics of life form spectra were 97 therophytes(35.7%), 78 hydrophytes (28.7%), 41 hemicryptophytes (15.1%) 22 geophytes (8.1%), and 12 chamaephytes (4.4%). The riparian vegetaton was identified 8 plant communities (Potamogeton brechtoldii, Hydrill verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton malaianus, Phragnites japonica, Persicaria thunbergii, Cardamine scutata, Persicaria hydropiper) in upstream, 4 plant communities(Zizania latifoliar, Phragmites communis, Persicaria thunbergii, Hunmulus japonicus) in midstream and 8 plant communities(Hydrocharis dubia, Ceratophyllum demersum, Trapa japonica, Zizania Iatifolia, Paspalum distichum, Phragmites communis, Persicaria thunbergii, Amphicarpaea edgeworthii) in downstream of the Dongjin River.

유색미에 관한 연구 : Ⅰ. 감마선 처리에 의해 유래된 Dohoku 유색미 돌연변이체의 주요 특성 Ⅰ. Characteristics of Dohoku color rice mutants derived by Gamma-ray Mutagenesis

이희봉,최현구,김동욱,김준표,정재영,정종태 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

1. 돌연변이체 DM-1과 DM-2의 간장은 양친인 Dohoku나 대구조인 흑진주벼보다 짧은 반면에 출수기는 7일내지 20일가량 늦어졌다. 2. 이들 DM-1과 DM-2의 수장은 대조구와 비슷하였으나 주당 이삭수는 대조구와 같이 DM-2에서 매우 많았다. 3. 선발된 계통들에 대한 주당 영화수는 대조구보다 적었으나 영색은 갈색내지 짙은 자주색으로 다양한 변이를 보였고 까락길이 역시 변이가 컸다. 4. 안토치안 색소에 대한 공시계통간 차이를 optical density(OD_(530))값으로 나타낸 결과 DM-2 변이계통에서 2.23, DM-3 변이계통에서 2.26으로 나타나 대조구인 흑진주벼의 2.59보다 크게 낮았다. Culm length of Dohoku mutant 1(DM 1) and mutant 2(DM 2) were shorter than Dohuko parent and Heukjinjubyo check, while days to heading were delayed seven to 20 days Panicle length of these were similar to check and number of panicle per plant of DM 2 was highly appeared than check. Spikelets per plant of the selected lines were lower than check, and glume color of these were varied from brown to dark purple and awn length was also varied according to line used. Anthocyanin content of each mutant line as measured by 530㎚ were lower than that of check in that OD 2.23 and OD 2.26 for DM 1 and DM 2, respectively, and 2.59 for check.