수령독재 하에서 권력과 이권을 둘러싼 갈등 동학 그리고 장성택 숙청

박형중 ( Hyeong Jung Park ),최대석 ( Dae Seok Choe ),김학성 ( Hank Sung Kim ),박영자 ( Young Ja Park ),장인숙 ( In Suk Jang ) 북한연구학회 2014 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.18 No.1

수령독재 하에서는 수령 지위를 차지하고자 하는 권력 투쟁은 존재하지 않는다. 그러나 수평적으로 주요 기관과 엘리트 개인의 권력과 이권의 지분을 확대하기 위한 경쟁이 존재한다. 이러한 경쟁은 수령에 대한 ‘충성경쟁’이라는 외피를 갖는다. 권력 세습 기간 동안 이러한 경쟁이 현저히 증가한다. 권력 세습은 수령독재가 기반하는 통치연합을 재편성하는 과정이기 때문이다. 김정일에서 김정은으로의 권력 세습 과정에서 기관과 엘리트 사이에 권력 및 이권 관련경쟁에서 두 가지가 두드러지게 나타났다. 그 하나는 권력 세습 과정에서의 주도적 세력이 되고자 하는 경쟁 즉 후견권을 둘러싼 경쟁이다. 그 다른 하나는 기관별로 권력과 이권의 지분을 확대하기 위한 경쟁이다. 장성택은 이 두 가지 경쟁에서 모두 주역이었다. 그의 숙청도 이와 관련되어 있었다. Under the Suryong dictatorship, by definition, there is no political completion for Suryong`s status. There are, however, horizontal competitions to expand power and interest carried out by major power organizations and elites. Apparently they are loyalty competition devoted to the Suryong. During the power succession, as the ruling coalition is reconstructed, they intensify themselves. Two features have been pronounced during the hereditary succession from Kim Jong-il to Kim Jong-un in regard to competition for power and interest among power organizations and elites: the one is the competition for regency, i.e. to advance oneself as the dominant force in the promotion of the power succession; the other is the competition for increasing share of power and interest by power organizations and elites. Jang Sung-taek has stood in the center of these two competitions and he was purge thereof.

성철 스님의 思想

장성욱 동의대학교 인문과학연구소 1999 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.4 No.-

The great buddhist : Sung-Chul in Korea has died 5 years ago. He had translated many buddhists books in Korean. He explained difficult buddhist theory in easy words. He showed us the true way to be a Buddha. He said that the meditation is the best way to be a Buddha. He insisted not to sleep much, not to eat much, not to read books, not to go around, not to talk...... After his death, millions of people began to think about buddhist theory and the words of buddhist priest : Sung-Chul. With his teachings, the new wind is blowing not only in Korean Buddhist temple but also in whole Korea. He is one of the greatest teacher in this world.

녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험

장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3

목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.

폐슬롯 형상의 영구자석 동기전동기의 코깅 토오크 저감을 위한 슬롯 형상 설계

千長成(Jang0-Sung Chun),鄭炫敎(Hyun-Kyo Jung),尹重錫(Joong-Suk Yoon) 대한전기학회 1996 전기학회논문지 Vol.45 No.6

H9c2 심근 세포주에서 외인성 nitric oxide가 허혈에 의한 세포 독성에 미치는 영향

정성구,장현용,김명천,고영관,정주호,배영미,박원서,김대중,유영민,김성수,임성빈 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: Nitric oxide(NO) is known to have protective effects on an ischemic heart and to exert triggering effects on ischemic preconditioning. However, the effects of NO during the ischemic period have not been investigated. To investigate the role of exogenous nitric oxide in a model of ischemic heart cell death, we studied the effects of ischemic preconditioning and ischemia in a normal and an ischemic buffer. Methods: Rat cardiac myoblast cells(H9c2) were cultured in a normal and an ischemic buffered medium. For the ischemic culture of heart cells, the cells were cultured in a dessicator with GasPak for 5 hrs. In ischemic preconditioning, the cells were pretreated with ischemic buffer for 5 min and then perfused with normal medium for 30 min. For the measurement of the cytotoxicity, a MTT(3-4-Sdimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was performed. A DAPI(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining procedure and a flow cytometry analysis were performed to confirm apoptotic cell death by ischemia. Results: Cell viability, as determined by using a MTT assay, showed that the preconditioned group treated with NO showed more cell death than with the not-preconditioned groups in both normal and ischemic buffers. But, In normal medium and not-preconditioned groups, NO showed protective effect according to the concentrations(100,1000μM) . No treatment with NO produced the different results. In normal medium, the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was demonstrated, but no protective effect of ischemic preconditioning could be seen in the case of the ischemic buffer. The DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis of heart cells showed characteristic apoptotic features. Conclusion: NO added in the ischemic phase had deterious effects on heart cells. Ischemic preconditioning was more harmful than ischemia alone. The toxicity of the cells was characteristic apoptosis.

소세포 폐암의 갑상선전이 1예

장리라,최영식,박요한,문대성,김자경,김성은,최인수,유찬희,남성진 고신대학교 의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.3

Metastasis to the thyroid gland is usually considered uncommon. The most frequent sites of the primary tumor include the kidney, breast and lung. Its presence often indicates poor prognosis. Metastases represent the advanced stage of the tumors and fine needle aspiration cytology is and important way of diagnosis in thyroid metastasis. we experienced a case of Metastatic Small cell Lung Carcinoma to the Thyroid Gland. A 58-year-old man with Graves' disease diagnosed pulmonary nodule in the left upper lung field on his chest X-ray film. The patient's thyroid gland was diffusely swollen, and elastic to hard. A thyroid ultrasonography showed 1cm sized hypodense nodule on the left thyroid gland. The patient underwent a ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration cytology of the mass. Cytological diagnosis was a metastatic small cell carcinoma. Then Chemotherapy was administered to the patient. The authors report this rare case of metastatic small cell lung carcinoma to the thyroid with literature review.

논문(論文) : 고려(高麗) 명종(明宗) 옹립(擁立)의 정치세력(政治勢力)에 대한 제문제(諸問題)

장상주 ( Sang Ju Jang ) 대구사학회 2011 대구사학 Vol.103 No.-

Problems around the Political Powers Who Enthroned King Myeongjong in Goryeo Dynasty Jang, Sang-ju [Abstract] As above, investigated was the political powers of and the possibility of coup by Myeongjong in the coup in the year Gyeongin. First of all, the political power of Wangje in the first half of the 12th century was attended that came up after the coup in Sukjong`s era. This led to the treason of Seungtongjeong in Yejong`s era and Daebanggong Bo in Injong`s era, preparing a momentum to form the political power of Wangje in Euijong`s era. As a result, Euijong, from the beginning of his enthronement, attacked Daeryeonghu Gyeong, his competitor to the royal authority, and his clan power Jeong Seo and Kim Ih-Yeong. This tendency also appears in case of uterine brother Igyanghu and Pyeongryanghu. It shows that the political tendency of kingship in the first half of the 12th century is extended to Euijong`s era. Then it was found out that Myeongjong formed his political power with those civil and military officials who had the same political interest as his centering around the civil officials of Igyangbu. With these on the center, Myeongjong was enthroned in the coup in the year Gyeongin, being connected with such military officials as Jeong Jung-Bu and Lee Eui-Bang. In other words, the coup was developed into two different aspects. This tells that the coup in the year Gyeongin worked as an important variable to the confrontation between the king and those civil and military officials, and the Wangje`s political power, to the specific political situation in Euiojong`s era. It was found out in the process of Daeryeonghu`s clan power shifting into Myeongjong`s political power as Daeryeonghu was removed in Yusieuibyeon(Coup of Flowing Arrow). In conclusion, the coup in the year Gyeongin is understood to be done as Myeongjong connected his own political power with military officials, contrary to the existing accepted idea.

고려 의종대 왕제(王弟) 대녕후(大寧侯) 사건

장상주 ( Jang¸ Sang-ju ) 대구사학회 2021 대구사학 Vol.144 No.-

大寧侯 사건은 의종대 정국에 중요한 영향을 미쳤다. 의종의 모후인 공예태후는 차자인 대령후를 지지하여 태자로 세우려 하였다. 의종은 이러한 관계로 태자 시절부터 대령후와 왕위 계승 경쟁을 하였다. 하지만 의종은 인종의 지지와 정습명의 보좌로 왕위에 올랐다. 의종은 즉위 초부터 정안 임씨와 대령후를 견제하였다. 대령후의 견제는 즉위 초인 동왕 5년부터 재위 후반기인 동왕 21년 ‘流矢의 變’으로 이어졌다. 의종의 측근인 정함과 김존중은 대령후와 그 족당인 정서·최유청·임극정·이작승 등을 참소하여 유배와 좌천시켰다. 이어 정함과 김존중은 대령후의 세력 기반을 점차적으로 와해시켰다. 그리고 의종은 다른 동모제인 익양후(명종)와 평량후(신종)도 의심하였다. 그만큼 王弟는 의종대 국정에 적지 않은 파장을 끼쳤다. The Post Incident Daelyeonghu had a significant impact on Uijongdae a political phase. The mother of Uijong Gong-yetaehu, wanted to establish her second, Daelyeonghu, as the Prince. For this reason, Uijong completed with the Daelyeonghu to succeed to throne since the day of Prince. However, he ascended the throne with the support of the race and the throne of Jeong-seubmyeong. Therefore, Uijong checked the Empress Gong-yetaehu and Daelyeonghu from the beginning of the throne. In Particular, the Daelyeonghu Post was checked, from the Dongwang 5th year of the King’ crown to the second half of his reign, ‘yusiui byeon’ the Dongwang 21st year of King’s regin. Uijong’ side poles Jeong-ham and Kim Jonjoong destroy the foundations of power after the Daelyeonghu by driving exile and relegstion by driving Jeong-seo· Choi Yoo- chong· Im Geuk- jeong, the family members of the Daelyeonghu, as a counterfeit. Uijong’s check against Daelyeonghu is because the other monarchs, IK Yang- hu and Pyeong nyang- hu, approached as threats to the Kingship. Furthermore, these royal trends acted was the Jeongbyeon of Gyeongin-nyeon. served as an important variable. (Kyungpook National university/ jangs2007@naver.com)

Development of Mozzarella Cheese made with Cheung-Kook Jang Addition

Jin-Joo Jang1,Ye-Lim Park,Gyo-Ha Moon,Myung-Gon Shin,Sung-Hyun Choi,Gyu-Hee Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

전래동화에 기초한 장단-말놀이 활동이 유아의 언어능력, 국악능력, 그리기표상능력에 미치는 효과

장효지(Hyo-Ji Jang),김성희(Sung-Hee Kim) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2016 한국교육문제연구 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 만 5세 유아를 대상으로 전래동화에 기초한 장단-말놀이 활동을 개발하고 유아의 언어능력, 국악능력, 그리기표상능력에 미치는 효과를 분석하여 유아교육 현장 적용 및 타당성을 검증하는데 있다. 연구대상은 K시에 소재한 실험집단 C유치원 만 5세 유아 20명과 비교집단 R유치원 만 5세 유아 20명을 연구 대상으로 선정하였으며 연구대상의 평균연령은 실험집단 72.05개월, 비교집단 72.40개월로 동질 집단인 것으로 나타났다. 연구도구는 ‘구문의미 이해력 검사’(서울장애인종합복지관, 2009), 유아국악능력 검사 도구(박형신, 2006), 그리기표상능력(지성애, 2001)을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 공변량분석(ANCOVA)를 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과는 ‘전래동화에 기초한 장단-말놀이 활동’은 유아의 언어능력, 국악능력 증진에 효과적인 것으로 밝혀졌다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of a Korean folktale based rhythm-word play activity on children’s language, drawing representation, and traditional Korean music ability in an early childhood education. ‘The Construction Meaning Comprehension Test’ is used to measure children’s language ability and it was developed and standardized by Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center(2009), ‘Traditional Korean Music Ability Test’ developed by Park Hyung-Shin(2006), ‘The Drawing Representation Inventory’ developed by Chi Sung-Ae(2001). In conclusion, a ‘Korean folktale based rhythm-word play activity’ has positive effects on language and traditional Korean music ability development. This study proves the validity of applying ‘ a Korean folktale based rhythm-word play activity’ in young children's education. Therefore, children’s language ability and traditional Korean music ability can be effectively increased by actively applying ‘a Korean folktale based rhythm-word play activity’ teaching-learning method in young children's education.