화장품기업의 CRM활동이 고객의 관계편익, 관계몰입 및 브랜드전환 감소의도에 미치는 영향

황선아 ( Seon A Hwang ),황선진 ( Sun Jin Hwang ) 대한가정학회 2011 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.49 No.7

This study examined the relations among CRM activities of cosmetic companies, relationship benefits, relationship commitment, and brand switching reduction intention. The participants consisted of 399 women over the age of 20. The results of this study were as follows: First, CRM activities were perceived as a concept of sub-components, and the customers recognized the relationship benefits and commitments. Second, CRM activities did not make a positive effect on brand switching reduction intention. Third, CRM activities had a positive influence on relationship benefits, and the relationship benefit affected the brand switching reduction intention positively. Fourth, CRM activities created a positive effect on relationship commitment, and also the relationship commitment had a positive effect on brand switching reduction intention. Lastly, relationship benefits had a positive effect on relationship commitment and it was precedent variables.

거대세포동맥염에 동반된 급성 골수성백혈병 1예

황용 ( Yong Hwang ),이상헌 ( Sang Heon Lee ),홍성철 ( Sung Chul Hong ),김도영 ( Do Young Kim ),김용진 ( Yong Jin Kim ),서정웅 ( Jung Woong Seo ),손인성 ( In Sung Son ),정현아 ( Hyun A Jung ),최홍석 ( Hong Seok Choi ),이정화 ( Jun 대한류마티스학회 2012 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), the most common form of systemic vasculitis in adults, preferentially involves large and medium-sized arteries in patients over the age of 50. The classic manifestations are headaches, jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumatica, and visual symptoms. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by a block in the differentiation of hematopoiesis, resulting in the growth of a clonal population of neoplastic cells or blasts. This malignant alteration in hematopoietic stem cells leads to a loss of normal hematopoietic function, which, if left untreated, typically leads to death within weeks to months of its clinical presentation. Although there have been reports of CLL or CML accompanied by several kinds of autoimmune vascular diseases, such as polymyalgia rheumatica, GCA, or necrotizing temporal arteritis, no studies have reported a case of AML with GCA. We experienced an 80-year-old male patient who developed AML 6 years after the diagnosis of GCA. He was under the use of oral glucocorticoid, hydroxychloroquine, and methotrexate at the time of the diagnosis of the AML. This is the first case in Korea to report GCA accompanied by AML.

무(Raphanus sativus L.)의 활성산소종 생성 억제를 통한 항산화 효능

황경아(Kyung-A Hwang),황혜정(Hye-Jeong Hwang),황유진(Yu Jin Hwang) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.11

본 연구에서는 순무와 월동무의 항산화 효능을 비교 분석하였다. DPPH와 ABTS의 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과, 순무와 월동무 모두 200 ㎍/mL에서 항산화 활성이 가장 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 산화 및 염증 유발의 원인인 NO 생성량이 시료 농도 의존적으로 감소하였으며 특히, 순무의 200 ㎍/mL에서 가장 높은 NO 생성 억제율을 나타내었다. 또한, 산화스트레스의 주요 지표 intracelluar ROS와 항산화 효소 유전자 발현 역시 순무 및 월동무 추출물에 의해 조절됨으로써 두 무 추출물이 항산화 활성에 효능이 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 순무 및 월동무 추출물이 항산화 활성이 우수하다는 것을 확인함으로써 이후 항산화 관련 기능성 원료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되며 항산화 관련 작용기전 규명을 위한 동물실험 등 추가적인 연구를 계속 수행할 예정이다. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a root vegetable native to southeast and central Asia and has been traditionally used in the treatment of constipation, indigestion, and stomach disorders. Radish is classified into various cultivars according to their shape and color. The main ingredients of white radish that are commonly known are flavonoids, arvelexin, and glucosinolate. In addition, red radish contains anthocyanin. These ingredients have been reported to have antidiabetic, anticancer, and antioxidant effects, but no research has yet compared the antioxidant activity of white and red radish. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant effects of Ganghwa turnip (RG) and Jeju winter radish (RJ) were investigated. Evaluation of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, the major indicators of antioxidant activity, confirmed significant antioxidant effects at a 200 ㎍/mL concentration of RG and RJ. Also, the production of the inflammatory substance nitric oxide was reduced 55% by RG and 52% by RJ at 200 ㎍/mL. Besides, it was confirmed that the production of reactive oxygen species, a major factor in oxidative stress, was also reduced in a dose-dependent manner. It was further confirmed that the antioxidant enzyme gene expressions such as those of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were increased by RG and RJ extracts. In conclusion, radish has excellent antioxidant function and radish can be developed as a functional food for health in the future.

순무(Brassica rapa L.)의 TNF-α 자극에 의해 유도된 혈관염증 개선 효능

황경아(Kyung-A Hwang),황유진(Yu-Jin Hwang),황혜정(Hye-Jeong Hwang),김영준(Young Jun Kim),최정숙(Jeong-Sook Choe),이성현(Sung-Hyen Lee),장환희(Hwan-Hee Jang) 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.49 No.2

본 연구에서는 TNF-α에 의해 자극된 혈관세포에서 순무추출물이 염증매개인자 및 세포부착인자에 미치는 영향을 평가함으로써 초기 동맥경화를 예방 및 완화할 수 있는지 평가하였다. 그 결과 HUVECs 세포에 순무 추출물을 처리했을 때 농도 500 μg/mL에서 독성을 나타내어 25, 50, 100μg/mL 농도를 이용하여 혈관 내 염증 억제 효능 실험을 수행하였다. 염증 유발에 의해 유도되는 케모카인(IL-8, MCP-1)과 세포부착인자(ICAM-1, VCAM-1) 유전자와 단백질 발현량은 순무 추출물에 의해 억제되었고, TNF-α 발현 유도 및 IL-8, MCP-1 전사조절에 관여하는 NF-κB의 활성이 순무 추출물에 의해 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 TNF-α에 의해 감소한 NO 생성량이 순무 추출물에 의해 농도 의존적으로 증가하였고, 혈관 확장 및 NO 생성 효소 eNOS 유전자와 단백질 발현을 증가시켰다. 이상의 연구 결과에서 TNF-α로 유도된 혈관내피세포 염증에 순무 추출물을 처리한 결과 eNOS의 발현 증가에 의해 NO가 증가하고 NF-κB의 활성은 억제시킴으로써 TNF-α에 의해 증가한 IL-8, MCP-1과 ICAM-1, VCAM-1의 발현이 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과에 의해 순무 추출물은 초기 동맥경화 질환예방 및 개선을 위한 기능성 소재로의 활용 및 건강기능식품으로의 개발 가치를 확인하였다. A high cholesterol diet, tobacco usage, and other negative life style elements are all factors that cause intravascular inflammation by interfering with the flow of blood and damaging vascular tissues. Recent cases of vascular diseases are gradually increasing due to these physical and chemical factors and the vascular inflammation persists, then the early symptoms of arteriosclerosis may occur. Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) is known to be a commonly consumed vegetable that has various physiological properties such as anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities, among other activities. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of turnip extract in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The mRNA and protein expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) of the turnip extracts treated group, as compared to that of the TNF-α only treated group, were significantly inhibited at various concentration turnip extract treatment. The RNA of pro-inflammatory chemokines induced by the TNF-α expression were decreased by the turnip extract, and the turnip extract also inhibited NF-κB activity involved in inflammatory signaling. Nitric oxide (NO) was decreased by TNF-α treatment and significantly increased to 10.9 μM in the 100 μg/mL turnip extract treatment groups. Further, the mRNA and protein expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were increased by the turnip extract in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest the applicability of turnip extracts, because of their anti-inflammatory and vasodilatation functions, could be used to develop functional treatments to prevent the early onset of arteriosclerosis.

저온숙성마늘의 라디칼 소거 활성을 통한 산화스트레스 억제 효과

황경아(Kyung-A Hwang),김가람(Ga Ram Kim),황유진(Yu-Jin Hwang),황인국(In-Guk Hwang),송진(Jin Song) 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.45 No.1

본 연구에서는 마늘의 숙성 기간(15일, 30일, 60일)과 온도(60°C, 70°C)를 달리한 저온숙성마늘과 생마늘의 항산화 효과를 비교 · 분석하였다. DPPH와 ABTS의 라디칼 소거능과 FRAP법에 의한 환원력을 측정한 결과 250 μg/mL에서 생마늘 추출물보다 30일 70°C 추출물과 60일 60°C 추출물의 항산화 활성이 우수하였다. 세포 내 활성산소 생성은 15일 60°C 추출물과 30일 70°C 추출물에서 높은 억제 효과를 보였으며, xanthine oxidase에 대한 활성 저해 효과 역시 15일 60°C 추출물에서 우수하였다. 항산화 효소의 유전자 발현은 LPS를 처리한 군과 생마늘 추출물보다 30일 70°C추출물에서 높은 효과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 저온숙성마늘이 생마늘보다 항산화 활성이 우수하다는 것을 확인함으로써 차후 항산화 건강기능식품 소재로서의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되나, 저온숙성마늘 추출물의 체내 생리활성 메커니즘 규명을 위해 동물실험 등의 추가적인 연구를 계속적으로 수행할 예정이다. Garlic has drawn attention as a food material for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties as well as for prevention and treatment of cancer. In order to increase efficiency, various aging methods for garlic have been attempted. In particular, thermally processed garlic is known to have higher biological activities due to its various chemical changes during heat treatment. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-oxidative effects of garlic extracts aged at low temperature (60∼70°C). In the results, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing ability of low temperature-aged garlic (LTAG) were similar to those of raw garlic. LTAG also showed decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of reactive oxygen species, although there were not significant differences among samples. In addition, xanthine oxidase activity was inhibited by LTAG; the 15 days and 60°C extract showed outstanding inhibition compared with the others. To understand the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-oxidative activity of LTAG, we performed quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The 30 days and 70°C extract upregulated mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes such as Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. This result indicates that LTAG can be a functional food as a nature antioxidant and antioxidant substance.

참취 추출물과 용매분획물의 항산화 활성

전상민(Sang-Min Jeon),이진영(Jin-Young Lee),김헌웅(Heon-Woong Kim),이영민(Young-Min Lee),장환희(Hwan-Hee Jang),황경아(Kyung-A Hwang),김행란(Haeng-Ran Kim),박동식(Dong-Sik Park) 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.41 No.9

본 연구는 참취 에탄올 추출물과 용매분획물의 항산화 활성과 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하고, 생리활성과 항산화 성분 간의 상관관계를 비교?분석하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 70% 에탄올 추출물 99.6 mg GAE eq/g으로 나타났으며, ethyl acetate 분획물 141.9 mg GAE eq/g으로 다른 분획물보다 높은 함량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 또한 총 플라보노이드 함량도 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 105.6 mg QUE eq/g으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 ABTS 라디칼 소거능의 경우 ethyl acetate 분획물 1,000 μg/mL 농도에서 97.1% 및 98.7%를 보여 대조군인 ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol 및 BHT와 유사한 소거능을 나타내었다(p<0.05). SOD 유사활성은 ethyl acetate 분획물 1,000 μg/mL 농도에서 42.8%의 활성을 나타내어 DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거능보다 비교적 낮은 활성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). FRAP에 의한 환원력 측정 결과에서도 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 높은 활성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 그러나 Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> chelating 활성 측정은 chloroform 분획물 1,000μg/mL 농도에서 81.8%로 높게 나타났으며, 오히려 ethyl acetate 분획물에서는 6.2%로 가장 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과 참취 70% 에탄올 추출물과 용매 분획물 중 ethyl acetate 분획물이 다량의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드를 함유하고 있으며, 항산화 효과가 높게 나타났다. 따라서 참취는 천연 항산화 소재 및 기능성식품으로의 활용 가능한 약용식물자원인 것으로 판단된다. As an effort to develop functional food ingredients and to discover the biological activity, the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> chelating of Aster scaber were measured using a 70% ethanol extract and various solvent fractions. As a result, the total phenolic concent was highest in an ethyl acetate fraction of 141.9mg GAE eq/g and the total flavonoid content was 105.6 mg QUE eq/g. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in an ethyl acetate fraction of 97.1% at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL (p<0.05). The ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a 86.9% ethyl acetate fraction and a 57.9% butanol fraction at a concentration of 125 μg/mL, and higher than that of positive control (α-tocopherol and BHT) (p<0.05). The SOD-like activity showed 42.8% in an ethyl acetate at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest value of FRAP at 1051.9 μM and a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL (p<0.05). The Fe2+chelating was highest in the 70.1% chloroform fraction at a concentration of 500 μg/mL (p<0.05). There is the highest correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP (r=0.981) as compared to other antioxidant assays (p<0.01). With these results, we confirmed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Aster scaber has great antioxidant potential. So it can be expected to be developed into a specific functional food ingredient.

젖소 초유로부터 분리한 Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 분획이 In Vitro에서 마우스의 면역 활성에 미치는 영향

황경아,양희진,이수원,Hwang Hyung-A,Yang Hee-Jin,Lee Soo-Won 한국축산식품학회 2006 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.26 No.1

젖소 초유 whey 내에 존재하는 IGF-I을 분리하기 위하여 ultrafiltration을 사용하여 30과 1 kDa 사이의 IGF-I rich fraction을 분획하였다. 분획한 IGF-I rich fraction내에 IGF-I의 존재 여부는 SDS-PACE와 western blotting으로 확인하였고, sandwich ELISA로써 분획 내 IGF-I을 정량하였다. 그 결과 IGF-I은 단백질 mg당 10 ng으로 측정되었다. 분획한 IGF-I rich fraction을 마우스 복강 macrophge의 면역 활성에 미치는 영향 즉, IL-6, NO, $TNF-{\alpha}$, Phagocytosis, $H_{2}O_{2}$,의 분비 유도 및 생성량을 측정하였고, splenocyte의 면역 활성으로는 splenocyte의 증식 효과와 natural killer cell의 항암작용을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 IGF-I rich fraction $1{\mu}g/mL$ 투여군에서 IL-6의 생성량은 9.85 ng, NO의 생성량은 $17.1{\mu}M$, phagocytosis는 양성 대조구에 대비하여 78.3%의 탐식작용을 나타내었고 $TNF-{\alpha}$와 $H_{2}O_{2}$의 생성량은 대조구에 대비하여 각각 34.5 및 6% 더 많은 양을 생산하였다. Splenocyte 면역활성에 미치는 영향으로 T cell과 B cell 증식은 대조군에 대비하여 각각 36 및 76%로 더 높은 증식 효과를 나타내었고, NK cell의 활성은 대조군보다 55.4%의 높은 활성을 보였다. Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) rich fraction, which was obtained molecules ranged between 30 and 1 kDa, was fractionated by ultrafiltration from bovine colostral whey. IGF-I rich fraction was confirmed by SDS-PACE and western blotting and then the quantity of IGF-I was measured by sandwich ELISA. ICF-I concentration in IGF-I rich fraction was 10 ng/mg proteins. IGF-I rich fraction, standard IGF-I and colostral whey weie treated to murine peritoneal macrophages. And then we experimented that effect of immune activity on macrophage and splenocyte. As a result, in group treated with IGF-I rich fraction $1{mu}g/mL$, production of interleukin-6 and nitric oxide were 9.85 ng and $17.17{\mu}M$ and production of phagocytosis, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}\;and\;H_{2}O_{2}$ were 78.3, 34.5 and 6% compared to the control group. In splenocyte immune response, B cell and T cell proliferation and NK cell activity were 103, 126 and 22.2% in group treated with IGF-I rich fraction $1{\mu}g/mL$ to compared to the control, respectively.

미용실의 서비스 품질과 소비자 만족에 관한 연구

황선아(Seon A Hwang),황선진(Sun Jin Hwang) 한국복식학회 2001 服飾 Vol.51 No.8

The purpose of this study was to develop service quality dimension beauty parolrs in Seoul area. The subject consisted of 545 adults with ages ranged between 20 and 30 who had evaluated service quality dimension on one of the three different types of beauty parlors in seoul. The beauty parlors were classify into three types. Type I is franchised one, type Ⅱ is located in center of city type Ⅲ is close to consumer`s residence area. The result was as follows : 1. Four dimensions of the service quality of the beauty parlor were physical aspects(tangibles·accessibility·cleanness), employee aspects(empathy·capability), policy aspects of beauty parlor(management·reputation·credit card), the skill of the hair stylist. 2. To predict comsumer satisfaction, service quality dimensions were as follows : In franchised beauty parlor, the employee aspects(empathy), the policy aspect (reputation), the skill of the hair stylist were should be considered. In beauty parlor in downtown area, physical aspects(accesibility), the employee aspects(capability), the policy aspects (reputation), the skill of the hair stylist were should be considered. And the beauty parlor in residence area, the employee aspects (empathy), the policy aspects(reputation) were should be considered.

금강하구 연안에서 고주파 레이더로 관측된 표층해류에 대한 객관적 유속산출 적용

황진아,이상호,최병주,김창수,Hwang, Jin-A,Lee, Sang-Ho,Choi, Byung-Joo,Kim, Chang-Soo 한국해양학회 2011 바다 Vol.16 No.1

금강하구 연안역에서 고주파 레이더를 사용하여 2008년 12월부터 2009년 2월까지 표층류를 관측하였는데, 관측된 표층류 자료는 전파의 간섭과 기상 상황에 따라 일시적으로 관측이 이루어지지 않는 구역들이 있었다. 관측된 구역의 자료를 보충하기 위하여 최적보간 과정을 개발하여 적용하였다. 금강하구 연안역에서 표층류의 공간적 상관성의 특성을 조사하고 최적보간법을 이용하여 공간적 결측 구역을 보충하였으며, 보간된 표층류의 시공간적 분포와 산출유속 오차 패턴을 조사하였다. 연구해역 표층 순환에서 조류가 우세하므로 연안역 관측 지점들 사이의 표층해류간 상관계수가 0.7 이상이었다. 원 자료를 보간하기 위해 관측 자료공분산(C), 지역화한 공간평균 공분산($C^G_{sm}$), 지수함수를 이용한 맞춤 평균공분산($C_{ft}$)을 사용하였다. 최적보간이 결측 구간을 채우고, 관측 자료의 시계열 중에서 뾰족하게 튀어나온 비정상적인 자료 부분을 억제하였으며, 그 결과 보간한 유속 자료의 분산은 원 자료의 분산보다 작았다. 공간적 자료획득률이 70% 이상(이하)일 때, $C^G_{sm}$ ($C_{ft}$)를 이용하면 C를 이용한 경우에 비해 보간 오차가 상대적으로 작았다. Surface currents were observed by high-frequency (HF) radars off the Keum River estuary from December 2008 to February 2009. The dataset of observed surface currents had data gaps due to the interference of electromagnetic waves and the deteriorating weather conditions. To fill the data gaps an optimal interpolation procedure was developed. The characteristics of spatial correlation in the surface currents off the Keum River estuary were investigated and the spatial data gaps were filled using the optimal interpolation. Then, the temporal and spatial distribution of the interpolated surface currents and the patterns of interpolation error were examined. The correlation coefficients between the surface currents in the coastal region were higher than 0.7 because tidal currents dominate the surface circulation. The sample data covariance matrix (C), spatially averaged covariance matrix with localization ($C^G_{sm}$) and covariance matrix fitted by an exponential function ($C_{ft}$) were used to interpolate the original dataset. The optimal interpolation filled the data gaps and suppressed the spurious data with spikes in the time series of surface current speed so that the variance of the interpolated time series was smaller than that of the original data. When the spatial data coverage was larger (smaller) than 70% of the region, the interpolation error produced by $C^G_{sm}$ ($C_{ft}$) was smaller compared with that by C.

사립 유치원 관리자의 통합교육에 대한 인식 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

황진영 ( Chin Young Hwang ),정길순 ( Gil Soon Jeung ),노진아 ( Jin A Noh ) 한국특수아동학회 2012 특수아동교육연구 Vol.14 No.4