초상미술(L'Art du portrait)과 동일성(Ressemblance)에 관한 고찰

하영술 全南大學校 藝術硏究所 1999 藝術論集 Vol.3 No.-

겨우살이 추출물의 미백 효과

하영술(Young-Sool Hah),김은지(Eun-Ji Kim),구영민(Young Min Goo),길영숙(Young Sook Kil),신승미(Seung Mi Sin),김상곤(Sang Gon Kim),강하은(Ha Eun Kang),윤태진(Tae-Jin Yoon) 한국생명과학회 2022 생명과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

멜라닌 색소는 피부색의 주요 원인이다. 멜라닌 색소는 멜라닌 세포에서 생성된 다음 각질 세포로 전달되어 결국 피부 표면에 다양한 색상을 부여한다. 많은 탈색제 및 피부 미백제가 개발되었지만, 색소 침착을 감소시키기 위한 재료에 대한 수요는 여전히 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서 천연 화합물을 사용하여 탈색 및 피부 미백에 대한 재료를 찾으려고 시도한 결과 겨우살이(Viscum album var. coloratum) 추출물이 색소침착을 억제할 수 있음을 발견하였다. 인간 멜라닌 세포에 겨우살이 추출물(mistletoe extracts, ME)을 처리했을 때 색소 침착이 극적으로 감소하였다. 프로모터 리포터 분석은 ME 처리가 HM3KO 흑색종 세포에서 microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), melanophilin (MLPH), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP-2), and tyrosinase (TYR) 유전자의 전사를 억제한다는 것을 보여주었다. 일관되게 ME는 MITF, TRP-1 및 TYR과 같은 색소 침착 관련 분자의 단백질 수준을 감소시켰다. 또한 ME는 cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein (CREB), AKT 및 ERK의 인산화를 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과는 ME가 색소 침착과 관련된 세포 내 신호 전달의 조절을 통해 멜라닌 생성을 억제한다는 것을 시사한다. 끝으로 ME는 색소 침착에 대한 생체 내 평가 모델인 제브라피쉬 배아의 멜라닌 생성을 현저하게 억제하였다. Melanin pigments are the main cause of skin color. They are produced in melanocytes and then transferred to keratinocytes, which eventually gives the skin surface a variety of colors. Although many skin-lightening or depigmenting agents have been developed, the demand for materials to reduce pigmentation is still increasing. Here, we tried to find materials for skin-lightening or depigmentation using natural compounds and found that mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) extracts (ME) had an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. As a result, ME significantly reduced pigmentation in human primary melanocytes. In addition, a promoter reporter assay revealed that ME inhibited the transcription of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), melanophilin (MLPH), tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), and tyrosinase (TYR) genes in HM3KO melanoma cells. In addition, ME decreased the protein level for pigmentation-related molecules, such as TYR and TRP-1. Furthermore, it markedly inhibited the melanogenesis of zebrafish embryos, an in vivo evaluation model for pigmentation. To elucidate the action mechanism of ME, we investigated its effects on intracellular signaling. Eventually, the ME dramatically decreased the phosphorylation of the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB), AKT, and ERK. The data suggest that ME may inhibit the melanogenesis pathway by regulating the signaling pathway related to pigmentation. Taken together, these data propose that ME can be developed as a depigmenting or skin-lightening agent.

덱사메타손 유도 근위축 모델에서 추출 조건에 따른 녹차 추출물의 근감소증 보호 효과

하영술(Young-Sool Hah),조경환(Kyoung Hwan Cho),김은지(Eun Ji Kim),손용휘(Yong-Hwi Son),이정현(Jung Hyeon Lee),이다예(Da Ye Lee),추호진(Ho Jin Choo),서민균(Min Gyun Seo),제회순(Hoe Soon Je),김종철(Jong Cheol Kim),유준일(Jun-Il Yoo) 한국차학회 2020 한국차학회지 Vol.26 No.1

근감소증(Sarcopenia)은 나이가 들면서 동반되는 근육량과 근력의 감소를 말하며, 정상적인 일상 생활을 하는 데 있어 상당한 어려움을 겪게 된다. 고용량 또는 지속적인 글루코코르티코이드 (GCs)의 사용은 근위축 유발할 우려가 있다. 따라서, GC에 의해 발생한 근위축의 치료는 임상적 중요성을 가지고 있다. 천연물에서 유래한 성분으로 수행한 몇몇 연구는 이들 성분이 다양한 근위축 조건에서 근육의 약화 및 위축을 감소시키는데 효과적임을 제시하고 있다. 녹차 추출물(green tea extract, GTE)은 심혈관계질환을 포함하여 광범위한 건강 증진에 기여한다. 하지만 근위축에 미치는 GTE의 효과는 완전히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구는 C2C12 myotubes 및 C57BL/6 마우스에서 덱사메타손에 의해 유도된 근위축에 대하여 여러 가지 추출 조건에서 추출한 GTE의 효과와 기본 메커니즘을 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 시험관내 실험은 배양된 C2C12 myotube에서 덱사메타손을 처리하여 근위축 상태를 만든 후 실시하였으며 qPCR 및 웨스턴 블롯법을 사용하여 근위축 관련 유전자인 muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)의 발현을 비교 분석하였다. 덱사메타손-유도 근위축 마우스 모델은 8주령 C57BL/6 마우스에 고용량 덱사메타손(10 mg/kg body weight, i.p., 14 days)을 투여하여 제작하였다. 체중, 그립 강도, 러닝머신 테스트, 근 무게 및 조직학적 평가를 시행하였다. GTE는 MaFbx의 발현을 감소시켜 C2C12 myotubes에서 덱사메타손-유도 근위축을 억제하였다. 더욱이 덱사메타손에 의해 유도된 근 감소 C57BL/6 마우스에서, GTE(1000 mg/kg) 경구 투여는 러닝머신에서 달리는 시간과 그립 강도를 향상시켜 덱사메타손-유도 근 기능 감소를 어느 정도 회복하였다. 또한 GTE는 전경골근과 비복근의 근 무게와 근섬유 크기 감소를 보호하였다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 보면 GTE 소재는 근 감소의 예방 및 개선을 위한 기능성식품용 상업적 소재로서 높은 실용화 가능성을 시사한다. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are negative muscle protein regulators that cause muscle atrophy when used in high doses or after the sustained use of GCs in numerous pathological conditions. Thus, the development of a treatment for GC-induced muscle atrophy has clinical importance. Some natural products effectively prevent muscle loss in several muscle atrophy conditions. Green tea extract (GTE) has a broad range of health benefits, including liver injury, but its effects on muscle atrophy are unclear. In this study, GTE was isolated from different extraction processes, and the protective effect of GTE on dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced atrophy was investigated in C2C12 myotubes and C57BL/6 mice. In vitro experiments were conducted using the Dexa-induced atrophy in cultured C2C12 myotubes and were evaluated by the expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and MyoD using real-time PCR and western blots. Muscle dysfunction was established in male C57BL/6 mice (eight weeks old, n=6) treated with a relatively high dose of Dexa (10 mg/kg body weight, i.p., 14 days). The body weight, grip strength, treadmill test, muscle weight, and muscle histology were assessed. GTE preserved Dexa-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes, as indicated by the decreased expression of MAFbx. In Dexa-induced muscle wasting C57BL/6 mice, the 1000 mg/kg GTE treatment rescued Dexa-induced muscle weakness, as indicated by the prolonged running exhaustive time and improved grip strength. GTE also preserved the muscles from gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area losses. These results suggest that GTE ameliorates Dexa-induced skeletal muscle wasting by regulating MAFbx, which might be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of muscle atrophy and weakness.

Microscopic imaging

Young-Sool Hah(하영술) 대한견주관절의학회 2015 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4

Cytoprotective Mechanism of Cyanidin and Delphinidin against Oxidative Stress-Induced Tenofibroblast Death

남대철,하영술,남정빈,김라정,박형빈 한국응용약물학회 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.4

Age-related rotator cuff tendon degeneration is related to tenofibroblast apoptosis. Anthocyanins reduce oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cell death in tenofibroblasts. The current study investigated the presence of cell protective effects in cyanidin and delphinidin, the most common aglycon forms of anthocyanins. We determined whether these anthocyanidins have antiapoptotic and antinecrotic effects in tenofibroblasts exposed to H2O2, and evaluated their biomolecular mechanisms. Both cyanidin and delphinidin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, at concentrations of 100 μg/ml or greater, delphinidin showed cytotoxicity against tenofibroblasts and a decreased antinecrotic effect. Cyanidin and delphinidin both showed inhibitory effects on the H2O2-induced increase in intracellular ROS formation and the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK. In conclusion, both cyanidin and delphinidin have cytoprotective effects on cultured tenofibroblasts exposed to H2O2. These results suggest that cyanidin and delphinidin are both beneficial for the treatment of oxidative stress-mediated tenofibroblast cell death, but their working concentrations are different.

혈관내피세포 채취의 원천으로 인간 지방조직의 활용

박봉욱,하영술,김진현,조희영,정명희,김덕룡,김욱규,김종렬,장중희,변준호,Park, Bong-Wook,Hah, Young-Sool,Kim, Jin-Hyun,Cho, Hee-Young,Jung, Myeong-Hee,Kim, Deok-Ryong,Kim, Uk-Kyu,Kim, Jong-Ryoul,Jang, Jung-Hui,Byun, June-Ho 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2010 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.32 No.4

Purpose: Adipose tissue is located beneath the skin, around internal organs, and in the bone marrow in humans. Its main role is to store energy in the form of fat, although it also cushions and insulates the body. Adipose tissue also has the ability to dynamically expand and shrink throughout the life of an adult. Recently, it has been shown that adipose tissue contains a population of adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells that, in cell culture conditions, have extensive proliferative capacity and are able to differentiate into several lineages, including, osteogenic, chondrogenic, endothelial cells, and myogenic lineages. Materials and Methods: This study focused on endothelial cell culture from the adipose tissue. Adipose tissues were harvested from buccal fat pad during bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. The tissues were treated with 0.075% type I collagenase. The samples were neutralized with DMEM/and centrifuged for 10 min at 2,400 rpm. The pellet was treated with 3 volume of RBC lysis buffer and filtered through a 100 ${\mu}m$ nylon cell strainer. The filtered cells were centrifuged for 10 min at 2,400 rpm. The cells were further cultured in the endothelial cell culture medium (EGM-2, Cambrex, Walkersville, Md., USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, human EGF, human VEGF, human insulin-like growth factor-1, human FGF-$\beta$, heparin, ascorbic acid and hydrocortisone at a density of $1{\times}10^5$ cells/well in a 24-well plate. Low positivity of endothelial cell markers, such as CD31 and CD146, was observed during early passage of cells. Results: Increase of CD146 positivity was observed in passage 5 to 7 adipose tissue-derived cells. However, CD44, representative mesenchymal stem cell marker, was also strongly expressed. CD146 sorted adipose tissue-derived cells was cultured using immuno-magnetic beads. Magnetic labeling with 100 ${\mu}l$ microbeads per 108 cells was performed for 30 minutes at $4^{\circ}C$ a using CD146 direct cell isolation kit. Magnetic separation was carried out and a separator under a biological hood. Aliquous of CD146+ sorted cells were evaluated for purity by flow cytometry. Sorted cells were 96.04% positivity for CD146. And then tube formation was examined. These CD146 sorted adipose tissue-derived cells formed tube-like structures on Matrigel. Conclusion: These results suggest that adipose tissue-derived cells are endothelial cells. With the fabrication of the vascularized scaffold construct, novel approaches could be developed to enhance the engineered scaffold by the addition of adipose tissue-derived endothelial cells and periosteal-derived osteoblastic cells to promote bone growth.

배지 성분에 따른 인간 지방조직기원 CD146 양성 혈관내피세포의 증식 및 기능의 평가

박봉욱,하영술,김진현,조희영,정명희,김덕룡,김신원,김욱규,김종렬,변준호,Park, Bong-Wook,Hah, Young-Sool,Kim, Jin-Hyun,Cho, Hee-Young,Jung, Myeong-Hee,Kim, Deok-Ryong,Kim, Shin-Won,Kim, Uk-Kyu,Kim, Jong-Ryoul,Byun, June-Ho 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2010 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.32 No.6

Purpose: This study was to examine the proliferation and function of the adipose tissue-derived endothelial cells according to different culture medium conditions. Materials and Methods: Adipose tissue-derived CD146 positive endothelial cells were cultured in according to different culture mediums (DMEM culture medium with or without osteogenic inductive agents and EBM-2 culture medium with or without osteogenic inductive agents). The proliferation and function of the adipose tissue-derived endothelial cells was examined in different culture medium conditions. Results: Adipose tissue-derived endothelial cells formed tube-like structures on Matrigel in EBM-2 culture medium with or without osteogenic inductive agents. However, the cells did not form tube-like structures on Matrigel in DMEM medium with or without osteogenic inductive agents. After 24 hours of culture, among the culture medium using EBM-2, the proliferation of the cells were promoted in EBM-2 medium without osteogenic inductive agents than in EBM-2 medium with osteogenic inductive agents. However, 72 hours of culture, the proliferation of the cells were promoted in EBM-2 medium with osteogenic inductive agents than in EBM-2 medium without osteogenic inductive agents. Conclusion: These results suggest that the proliferation and function of the adipose tissue-derived CD146 positive endothelial cells could be maintained in EBM-2 with osteogenic inductive agents.

PKCη Regulates the TGFβ3-induced Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell

구보미,이은신,하영술,JAE YONG PARK,Joo Yeon Jeong,이동훈,Gyeong Jae Cho,Wan Sung Choi,Young Phil Yune,강상수 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.4

Transforming growth factor (TGF) family is well known to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). However, the precise signal transduction pathways and underlying factors are not well known. Thus the present study aims to evaluate the possible role of C2 domain in the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. To this end, 145 C2 domains in the adenovirus were individually transfected to hMSC, and morphological changes were examined. Among 145 C2 domains, C2 domain of protein kinase C eta (PKCη) was selected as a possible chondrogenic differentiation factor for hMSC. To confirm this possibility, we treated TGFβ3, a well known chondrogenic differentiation factor of hMSC, and examined the increased-expression of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen type II (COL II) as well as PKCη using PT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. To further evaluation of C2 domain of PKCη, we examined morphological changes, expressions of GAG and COL II after transfection of PKCη-C2 domain in hMSC. Overexpression of PKCη-C2 domain induced morphological change and increased GAG and COL II expressions. The present results demonstrate that PKCη involves in the TGF-β3-induced chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC, and C2 domain of PKCη has important role in this process.

Myeloid deletion of SIRT1 suppresses collagen-induced arthritis in mice by modulatingdendritic cell maturation

우성지,이상명,임혜송,하영술,정인덕,박영민,김현옥,천윤홍,전민규,장규윤,김경민,박병현,이상일 생화학분자생물학회 2016 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.48 No.-

The type III histone deacetylase silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is an enzyme that is critical for the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. However, the data on its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are limited and controversial. To better understand how SIRT1 regulates adaptive immune responses in RA, we evaluated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in myeloid cell-specific SIRT1 knockout (mSIRT1 KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Arthritis severity was gauged on the basis of clinical, radiographic and pathologic scores. Compared with their WT counterparts, the mSIRT1 KO mice exhibited less severe arthritis, which was less destructive to the joints. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and ROR-γT were also reduced in the mSIRT1 KO mice compared with the WT mice and were paralleled by reductions in the numbers of Th1 and Th17 cells and CD80- or CD86-positive dendritic cells (DCs). In addition, impaired DC maturation and decreases in the Th1/Th17 immune response were observed in the mSIRT1 KO mice. T-cell proliferation was also investigated in co-cultures with antigen-pulsed DCs. In the co-cultures, the DCs from the mSIRT1 KO mice showed decreases in T-cell proliferation and the Th1/Th17 immune response. In this study, myeloid cell-specific deletion of SIRT1 appeared to suppress CIA by modulating DC maturation. Thus, a careful investigation of DC-specific SIRT1 downregulation is needed to gauge the therapeutic utility of agents targeting SIRT1 in RA.

Disease-specific Proteins from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

조은혜,이윤종,김윤희,김덕룡,하영술,김충원 대한의학회 2006 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.21 No.3