자기보고형 한국어판 아동용 공감지수(EQ-C) 척도의 타당화 예비연구

차화정,김혜리,이수미,엄진섭,이승복 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2011 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.24 No.4

아동용 공감 척도인 EQ-C 척도의 자기보고형 한국어판이 우리 아동의 공감 능력을 측정하는데 적절한지 확인하기 위해 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 초등학교 5학년 아동 290명이 연구에 참여하였다. 연구 결과, 자기보고형 한국어판 EQ-C 척도는 ‘정서공감’, ‘사회기술’, ‘인지공감’의 3 요인을 포함하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 신뢰도를 검증한 결과, 문항 내적 일관성 신뢰도는 .82로 양호한 편이었으며, 2개월간의 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .64로 비교적 안정적인 것으로 확인되었다. 한국어판 EQ-C 척도는 공감 능력 척도(박성희, 1997)와 .73의 상관을 보였으며, 친사회성 척도와는 .55의 상관을, 공격성 척도와는 -.47의 부적 상관을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 자기보고형 한국어판 EQ-C 척도의 타당성을 보여준다. 본 척도를 96명의 3학년 아동에게 실시한 결과 5학년의 요인구조가 3학년 아동에게도 유지되는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 자기보고형 EQ-C 척도가 3학년 아동에게도 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of EQ-C (Children’s versions of the Empathy Quotient) which was developed by Auyeung et al. (2009) to measure empathy for children. In this study we used the EQ-C as a self-report questionnaire. A total of 290 elementary students in 5 grades participated. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors: cognitive empathy, emotional response and social skills. In terms of the reliability, the internal consistency of the Korean version of EQ-C was high (Cronbach’s = .82), and the test-retest reliability over two months was relatively stable (Cronbach’s = .67). In order to test the validity of the Korean version of EQ-C, we examined the association between the EQ-C and Empathy Scale (Park, 1997) which was the another popular measure of empathy for children, and the associations between the EQ-C and the psychological constructs of prosocial behavior and aggression. Correlation analyses revealed positive correlations between the Korean version of EQ-C and the Empathy Scale and the Prosocial Behavior Scale, but a negative correlation between the Korean version of EQ-C and the Aggression Scale. The three-factor construct of cognitive empathy, emotional empathy and social skills had been demonstrated to be held to the 3 graders, suggesting that the self-report Korean version of EQ-C could be used to the 3 graders.

탈기와 부상 공정에 의한 소독부산물의 제거특성에 관한 비교 연구

차화정(Hwa-Jeong Cha),원찬희(Chan-Hee Won),이강학(Kang-Hag Lee),오원규(Won-Kyu Oh),곽동희(Dong-Heui Kwak) 대한환경공학회 2016 대한환경공학회지 Vol.38 No.9

수중에 용존된 가스뿐 아니라 소독부산물과 같은 휘발성 화합물은 탈기에 의해 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 탈기공정에 사용되는 미세 기포는 수백~수천 μm이지만 부상 공정의 기포는 수 μm 정도로 작다. 이에 따라 부상공정에서의 마이크로 기포는 수중의 휘발성 화합물이 대기로 방출될 수 있는 매우 넓은 기-액 비표면적을 제공한다. 또는 마이크로 기포는 상승 속도가 느려서 휘발성 화합물이 방출될 수 있는 긴 체류시간을 갖게 된다. 본 연구에서 일련의 탈기와 부상 실험을 실시한 결과, THMs의 제거율에서 상당히 큰 차이가 있었다. THMs의 물질전달계수 KLa 역시 큰 차이를 보였다. 따라서 부상공정에서 THMs과 같은 휘발성 화합물을 제거하기 위해서는 일반적으로 입자제거를 위하여 적용되는 통상적인 운전범위보다 더 높은 기포체적농도가 필요함을 알 수 있다. It is well known that volatile compounds including disinfection by-products as well as emissive dissolved gas in water can be removed effectively by air stripping. The micro-bubbles of flotation unit are so tiny as microns while the diameter of fine bubbles applied to air stripping is ranged from hundreds to thousands of micrometer. Therefore, the micro-bubbles in flotation can supply very wide specific surface area to transfer volatile matters through gas-liquid boundary. In addition, long emission time also can be gained to emit the volatile compound owing to the slow rise velocity of micro-bubbles in the flotation tank. There was a significant difference of the THMs species removal efficiency between air stripping and flotation experiments in this study. Moreover, the results of comparative experiments on the removal characteristics of THMs between air stripping and flotation revealed that the mass transfer coefficient, KLa showed obvious differences. To overcome the limit of low removal efficiency of dissolved volatile compounds such as THMs in flotation process, the operation range of bubble volume concentration is required to higher than the operation condition of conventional particle separation.

정수장에서 SCUM의 발생원인과 제거방안

정팔진,차화정,곽동희 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1995 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.1

This study was performed to present the removal method and occurrence cause of scum in water treatment plant of Chonju city. Because e scum generally involves foam and bubble, occurred scum in especially Jigok water treatment plant among the water treatment plants of Chonju city makes not only much difficulty for treatment, but also the problem of an aesthetic In the result, the cause of scum occurrence was happened by ABS components and occurred bubble. ABS results from the input of domestic and industrial waste water. It forms bubble on the water surface in the process of fall and coagulation, and forms scum on the water surface in the condition of capture and rise of coagulated floc. Daesung water treatment plant appeared ABS concentration of 0.25∼0.32ppm, where that of Jigok water treatment was 0.37∼0.42ppm. As the DO saturation rate to intake station and gauging well was investigated, and the retention time of water channel was considered, the air bubble was occurred by the separation of supersaturation DO because of the intake air. Therefore, the cause of scum generation was found to the air bubble mentioned above. So, it was required to minimize the air intaking at pump and pipe line.

연장음 길이에 따른 비유창성 정도 평가: 등간척도와 직접크기평정 비교 연구

박진,차화정,배세진 한국음성학회 2023 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.15 No.3

This study aimed to propose an appropriate evaluation method for the perceived level of speech disfluency based on sound prolongation (i.e., increased duration of segments). To this end, 34 Korean-speaking adults (9 males, 25 females, average age: 32.9 yrs.) participated as raters in this study. The participants listened to sentences containing a total of 25 stimuli with the Korean voiceless fricative /s/ extended by 80-ms increments up to 2,000 ms (i.e., 285 ms, 365 ms., ..., 2,125 ms, 2,205 ms), and evaluated them using an equal-appearing interval scale (EAI, 1−7 points, where 1 represents “normal” and 7 represents “severe”). Subsequently, based on the interval-scale results, the sentence stimuli with the prolonged voiceless fricative corresponding to the mild-to-moderate level (rated as 4 points) were selected as the reference modulus for direct magnitude estimation (DME). After scatter plots were created for the two evaluation results, the relationship between the two measured mean values was analyzed using a curve estimation method for the observed data with the highest R2-value to determine whether a linear or curvilinear approximation fit the data better. A curvilinear relationship between the two evaluation results was indicated, suggesting that DME is a more appropriate evaluation method than the EAI scale for assessing the perceived level of disfluency based on sound prolongation.

골다공증 건강관리 서비스를 통한 외래 고객 만족도 향상 및 평가

이혜숙,김은숙,차화정,설미림,최용수 한국의료QA학회 2008 가을학술대회 Vol.2008 No.3

플라워 부티크를 주제로 한 공간 콜라보레이션 상업시설 분석

강철희(Kang, Chul-Hee),차화정(Cha, Hwa-Jung) 한국실내디자인학회 2014 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.11

Increase of people’s incomes and improvement of life quality, their interests about cultural investment is getting higher. This effect leads demands of leisure activities, and they expand to floricultural fields that recently come into the spotlight. Sale of flower products is rising though, these goods are usually treated as consumables. Depending on these prejudices, It still get lower economical results in spite of social preference. In contrast, suppliers show signs of overheating. Manufacturers intensely compete for consumers, typical buyers’ market is formed these days. Overcoming this economical status, shops are started to developing their managements. Not a simple shape of selling, ‘Collaboration’ is used as a new strategy of flower fields, and It earns massive profits. This marketing tactic intends ‘Working together’. Supporting each other’s strength, satisfying customer’s desire for the third space of brand-new together, and all performance connect as new quality of life style. This research shows possibility of floricultural industry’s development, going over relationship about flower boutique and space collaboration, and its circumstance and limitation.

폐석고 침전제를 이용한 인산염 폐수의 처리특성

전용태 ( Yong-tae Jeon ),원찬희 ( Chan-hee Won ),지석인 ( Seok-in Jee ),차화정 ( Hwa-jung Cha ),송영석 ( Young-seok Song ),김성준 ( Sung-joon Kim ) 한국환경기술학회 2015 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.16 No.2

폐석고를 사용하여 인산염과 침전반응특성에 대하여 실험을 실시하였다. 폐석고의 주요 구성은 CaO와 SO₃, SiO₂로 구성되어 있는 것으로 검토되었다. 인산염은 pH10 조건에서 칼슘 이온과 반응하며 폐수의 pH를 조정하여 유도되는 반응조건에 따라 제거되었다. 침전제별 처리효율을 살펴본 결과 혼합침전제의 인산염 제거효율이 폐석고에 비하여 약 15%의 높은 제거효율을 보였으며 생석회에 비하여 높은 제거효율을 보였다. XRD 분석을 통해 침전물의 결정 구조가 부분적으로 Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)을 위주로의 CaF₂임을 보여 주었다. 폐석고의 적용 가능성을 검토한 결과 석회와 비교하여 90%이상의 제거효율을 보였으며 운영비용면에서도 70%이상의 절감효과를 얻을 수 있었다. The features of precipitating reaction of phosphate have been examined by employing waste gypsum as a precipitant. The major component of waste gypsum was examined to be CaO with minor components of SO₃, SiO₂. Phosphate is reacted with calcium ions under the conditions of pH 10 and could be removed by the reaction conditions induced by adjusting the pH of the waste water. The different performance precipitant, phosphate removal efficiency of mixing the precipitating agent showed high removal efficiency compared to lime showed approximately 15% higher removal efficiency than Waste Gypsum. XRD analysis showed that the crystalline structure of precipitate was mainly CaF₂ with partly Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH). Result of examining the applicability of Waste Gypsum. compared with lime show the removal efficiency of 90%, it is possible to obtain more than 70% reduction in terms of operational cost.

용수공급 관로의 상태분석과 종합적 개량 의사결정 지원 프로그램 및 그 방법

김형기(Kim, Hyung Ki),고성민(Ko, Sung Min),차화정(Cha, Hwa Jung) 대한토목학회 2021 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

막여과 배출수 처리시스템의 운영 방안에 대한 연구

김성준 ( Sung-joon Kim ),전용태 ( Yong-tae Jeon ),지석인 ( Seok-in Jee ),차화정 ( Hwa-jung Cha ),송영석 ( Young-seok Song ),원찬희 ( Chan-hee Won ),김명희 ( Ming-ji Jin ) 한국환경기술학회 2015 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 유기막의 배출수와 K정수장의 상수 원수를 블렌딩하여 처리하는 무기막의 실 플랜트 운전을 통해 현장에 맞는 운전조건을 도출 하였다. 플럭스 2 ㎥/㎡·day, 응집제 20 ppm의 조건에서 모든 블렌딩비에서 차압은 정상적이었으며, 처리수 기준으로는 블렌딩 6.0:1에서 높은 처리율을 보여 주었다. 고탁도 블렌딩비 3.7:1에서 2 ㎥/㎡·day, 3 ㎥/㎡·day, 4 ㎥/㎡·day의 플럭스로 운전한 결과 2 ㎥/㎡·day로 6개월 이상 약품세정(CIP) 없이 운전이 가능하였다. 응집제 주입량은 10 ppm과 20 ppm을 비교한 결과 두 응집제 주입농도에서 모두 좋은 처리 수질을 보였으나, 10 ppm일 경우 차압의 상승이 급격히 이루어져 고탁도시에는 20 ppm이 적정 차압을 유지시키는데 적합하다고 판단하였다. This study deduced an operating condition suitable for the site through the actual plant operation of ceramic membrane blending and treating effluent from organic membrane and raw water at K filtration plant. Differential pressure was normal at all blending ratios in the condition where flux was 2 ㎥/㎡·day and the dose of coagulant was 20ppm. And it was shown that treatment rate was high at 6.0:1 blending ratio on the basis of treated water. In the results of operation at a flux of 2 ㎥/㎡·day, 3 ㎥/㎡·day, and 4 ㎥/㎡·day at a 3.7:1 high-turbidity blending ratio, it was possible to be operated without cleaning in place for 6 months or over. With regard to the dose of coagulant, in the results of comparing 10ppm with 20ppm, good treated water quality was shown in both dosing concentration of coagulant. However, in case of 10 ppm, differential pressure sharply increased. Accordingly, it was thought that 20 ppm was suitable for maintaining proper differential pressure at high turbidity.

자폐스펙트럼장애에 대한 극단적 남성 뇌 이론의 검증

김혜리,구재선,김경미,김붕년,김재원,박민,박수진,박태원,손정우,신민섭,양혜영,유희정,윤효운,이승복,정명숙,정운선,조경자,조인희,조수철,차화정,최현옥 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2011 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.24 No.1

자폐스펙트럼장애의 세 가지 주요 증상은 공감하기와 체계화하기의 두 가지 심리적 차원의 상대적 발달 차이로 설명될 수 있으며, 그 특징은 공감하기에 비해 체계화하기가 상대적으로 더 발달되는 남성적 인지특성이 극단적으로 나타난 것이라는 Baron-Cohen의 극단적 남성 뇌 이론을 검증하였다. 언어정신연령 36개월에서 90개월 사이의 자폐아동과 정상아동을 대상으로 마음읽기 과제와 공감하기․체계화하기․자폐 성향을 측정하는 척도인 EQ-C, SQ-C, AQ-C를 실시하였다. 자폐집단은 정상집단에 비해 마음읽기 능력과 공감하기 성향인 EQ-C는 더 낮았으나 체계화 성향인 SQ-C는 유의한 차가 없었다. 그러나 각 개인의 공감하기 수준과 체계화하기 수준의 상대적 차이를 비교하면, 자폐집단은 공감하기 수준에 비해 상대적으로 체계화하기 수준이 더 높았으며 그 정도는 정상의 남아 집단보다 유의미하게 더 컸다. 자폐성향인 AQ-C는 마음읽기 및 EQ-C와 부적 상관이 있었으나 SQ-C와는 상관이 나타나지 않음으로써, 극단적 남성 뇌 이론이 지지되지 않았다. This study tested the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism. According to EMB theory, people with autism show an extreme of the male profile in terms of empathizing and systemizing, that is low empathizing and high systemizing. Two groups of children matched with verbal mental age (36-90 months) participated: children with autism and typically developing children. Each participants were given TOM tasks, and their mothers were asked to complete the children's versions of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-C), Systemizing Quotient (SQ-C) and Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-C). The autism spectrum condition group scored significantly lower than control on the TOM Tasks and EQ-C, and significantly higher on AQ-C, but there were no differences on the SQ-C. In addition, EQ-C and TOM were positively correlated to AQ-C, but not correlated to SQ-C. The EMB theory of autism has not been supported.