농촌 생활환경 정비구역의 설정

조영국,김성진 ( Young Kuk Cho,Sung Jin Kim ) 한국농촌계획학회 1998 농촌계획 Vol.4 No.1

수컷 생쥐에서 에스트로겐 수용체 촉진제의 농도별 투여에 의한 부속 생식샘의 형태학적 변화

조영국,한지연,조현욱,Cho, Young-Kuk,Han, Ji-Yeon,Cho, Hyun-Wook 한국현미경학회 2011 Applied microscopy Vol.41 No.4

에스트로겐 수용체 알파 촉진제인 propyl pyra zole triol (PPT)를 투여하여 복부 전립샘, 정낭, 포피샘과 같은 수컷 생쥐 부속생식샘의 무게 및 조직학적 구조에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 성체 수컷 생쥐를 대상으로 casor oil에 각각 0.01 mg, 0.1 mg, 1mg의 농도로 희석한 PPT를 주 1회씩 3, 5, 8주 동안 피하주사 한 후 부속생식샘의 무게 및 조직학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 전체적으로 부속생식샘의 무게가 PPT 0.01 mg과 0.1 mg 처리군에서 증가하였지만, PPT 1.0 mg 처리군에서는 감소하였다. 전립샘의 상피조직은 대조군의 원주상피에서 처리군의 평편상피 또는 입방상피 형태로 변화하였다. PPT 처리군의 3주째부터 전립샘의 상피세포의 높이가 감소하였다. 정낭의 내강면적은 처리군에서 줄어든 형태로 나타났다. PPT 처리군에서 정낭의 상피세포의 높이는 감소되었다. PPT 1.0 mg 처리군에서는 포피샘의 샘포조직이 급격하게 위축되었다. 이러한 결과는 수컷 생쥐의 에스트로겐에 대한 생리적 기능을 이해하기 위한 실험에서 PPT 농도를 결정하는 데에 참고 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The aim of the present study is to validate the effects of treatment with different concentration of estrogen receptor alpha agonist, propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) on the weight and histological structure in the accessory reproductive organs (ventral prostate, seminal vesicle and preputial gland) of male mouse. Treated groups received different doses of PPT 0.01 mg, 0.1 mg and 1.0 mg per week respectively, for 3, 5, and 8 weeks. In general, the weight of reproductive organs was increased in PPT 0.01 mg and 0.1 mg treatment, however decreased in PPT 1.0 mg treatment. Epithelial tissues in the ventral prostate were changed from simple columnar epithelium to squamous or cuboidal epithelium in the treated groups. On week 3, PPT groups caused decrease of epithelial cell height in the ventral prostate. Lumen of the seminal vesicle was narrowed in the treated group. Epithelial cell height of seminal vesicle was reduced in the PPT treatment. Acinus tissue of preputial gland in PPT 1.0 mg treatment was dramatically atrophied than that of control group. These results are useful as a reference to determine the administration concentration of PPT in experiments for understanding the physiological functions of estrogen in the male.

ESR 자동분석기를 이용한 내부정도관리방법

조영국 ( Young Kuk Cho ),심현설 ( Hyun Seol Sim ),송운흥 ( Woon Heung Song ),박규은 ( Quehn Park ) 대한임상검사과학회 2004 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.36 No.2

Recently automatic equipment has been well popularized for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a widely used test, but no standard quality control has been established yet. Thus, we are going to report a case that established and applied a quality control method using the TEST 1 automatic analyzer. For internal quality control, we adopted the repeatability test through comparison with daily mean check, with a manual method using patients’ specimens and with the results of a test on the previous day. In order to set the tolerance standard for each quality control method, we compared the results of 50 specimens that showed a wide range of ESR results and examined correlation and differences according to result. After setting the tolerance standard, we applied the standard at tertiary university hospitals for 120 days and investigated positive rates and re-examination rates. If the tolerance standard was exceeded, the cause was also identified. We selected a specimen of below 25 mm/hr (T1), one between 26-50 mm/hr (T2) and one of over 51 mm/hr (T3) at random. The correlation between the manual method and the automatic method was quite high (r=0.98), and it is found appropriate to set based on differences in result values below 25 mm/hr, the upper limit of the reference value, and based on differences in the percentage of result values above 25 mm/hr. Accordingly, we set the criteria for rejection above 10 mm/hr and above 20%. When the criteria were applied in the laboratory, 1.7% of specimens in the range of T1, 8.3% of those in the range of T2 and 7.5% of those in the range of T3 were rejected. Because all the rejected ones fell within the tolerance limit in re-examination calibration verification was not carried out. With the wide popularization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate analyzers that can carry out a lot of tests quickly using automatic methods, it is necessary to improve the reliability of test results by establishing internal quality control policies. We expect that an agreed standard quality control method may be established based on the method proposed in this study.

북한 개혁,개방정책의 성격에 관한 연구 - 7.1경제관리개선조치의 내용과 특징을 중심으로

조영국 ( Young Kuk Cho ) 북한연구학회 2005 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.9 No.1

This study intends to identify the character of North Koreas Change by explaining those characters and contents through the considerations for the economic reform, that is the adoption of partial economic reform on July 1, 2002 in North Korea. So the method of this study focused on the character of North Koreas reform and openness in the post cold war era, conceptualizing North Koreas national development strategy and the tolerance of national intervention. It is quite interesting that the scope of the states interventions for the economic reform and openness is gradually enlarging under the deteriorating bad situations for their national security due to nuclear standoff with the US. Reforms experimenting with capitalism have been taking place in the North since July 2002 when Pyeongyang began seeking a means of breaking out of economic stagnation. Among the consequences have been sharp price and wage increases, the end of rationing except for grain and the devaluation of the North Korean won. Some state enterprises have also had the chance to manage themselves instead of being directed by the central government. Therefore, North Korea`s transition processes and its types of reform and openness and its character of each step that could be found at the national development strategies are to be identified as a process, while promoting the reform of the inter-economic system including the mixture of partial or comprehensive economic reform and the intermediate character from the socialist economic reform to the market-based economic system.

조기 양막파수 산모로부터 태어난 신생아의 관리

조영국 ( Young Kuk Cho ),임호경 ( Ho Kyoung Lim ),김선희 ( Sun Hee Kim ),박천학 ( Chun Hak Park ),최영륜 ( Young Youn Choi ) 대한주산의학회 2005 Perinatology Vol.16 No.2

목적: 신생아 패혈증은 조기진단이 어렵고 중증으로 진행하는 속도가 빨라서 조기 양막파수(PROM)와 같은 신생아 패혈증의 고위험 인자가 있을 때는 패혈증 여부를 조기 진단하여 적절하고 충분한 항생제를 투여해야 한다. 이에 저자들은 PROM 산모로부터 태어난 재태주령 35주 이상의 신생아의 파수시간에 따른 임상 증상 및 검사실 소견을 살펴보고 패혈증의 조기 진단 및 항생제 투여에 관한 기준을 정하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방법: 1998년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지 만 5년간 전남대학교병원에서 출생한 신생아 3,850예 중 PROM 산모로부터 태어난 591예의 환아 중 재태연령 35주 이상인 신생아 125예를 대상으로 파수시간과 신생아에서의 CRP와 발열, 혈액 배양, 말초혈액 총백혈구수와 중성구(%), 모체의 발열 및 모체의 총백혈구수 간의 상관관계를 후향적으로 연구하였다. 결과: 1) 신생아 3,850예 중 PROM이 591예(15.4%)이었으며 그 중 재태주령 35주 이상인 PROM은 125예로 총 신생아의 3.5%를 차지하였고 연도별 발생 추이는 차이가 없었다. 2) 파수시간에 따라 CRP 양성률과 신생아 발열 빈도 및 신생아 패혈증 발생과는 상관이 없었으나 신생아에서 항생제 사용률이 높았다. 3) 신생아 패혈증 군에서 CRP 양성률과 신생아 발열 및 산모의 발열 빈도가 유의하게 높았고, 산모의 항생제 사용률이 낮았다. 결론: PROM 산모로 태어난 신생아 중 재태주령 35주 이상인 경우는 파수시간에 관계없이 산모의 발열, 산모의 항생제 사용 유무와 신생아의 혈액배양과 CRP 등의 전반적인 평가를 실시하고 패혈증의 증상 유무에 따라 항생제를 시작하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다. Objective: This clinical study was carried out to evaluate the effect of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) on neonatal sepsis in infants who were delivered more than 35 weeks of gestational age (GA). Methods: Clinical data were collected from 125 newborns of mothers with PROM who were delivered more than 35 weeks of GA at Chonnam National University Hospital during the five-year period from January 1998 to December 2002. Results: The incidence of PROM was 15.4% with little yearly variations and PROM in which GA more than 35 weeks was 3.5%. The incidence of positive C-reactive protein (CRP), neonatal fever and neonatal sepsis were not increased but the neonatal use of antibiotics was increased in relation to the duration of the PROM. In the patients with neonatal sepsis, positive CRP rate and incidence of neonatal and maternal fever were significantly high, and use of maternal antibiotics was significantly low. Conclusion: When the newborns of mothers with PROM were delivered more than 35 weeks of GA, maternal history of fever or antibiotic treatment and neonatal history of fever, blood culture and CRP should be checked regardless of duration of PROM, and then begin to start antibiotics according to the baby`s clinical signs and symptoms.

자동 혈구분석기(XE-2100)를 이용한 WBC 과다측정의 확인방법 및 사례 분석

조영국(Young-Kuk Cho),동경래(Kyung-Rae Dong) 한국콘텐츠학회 2009 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.9 No.4

2007년 1월부터 8월까지의 8개월 동안 삼성서울병원에서 병동 및 외래에서 의뢰된 전 혈구검사 검체를 대상으로 하여 S사의 자동혈액장비의 4 Diff channel과 WBC channel의 결과 비교를 통해 총 백혈구의 과다측정 여부를 판단하였다. 장기적 임상치료를 받는 환자 중 8개월간의 백혈구 수 비교를 통해 over count라고 판단된 증례는 총 25건이었다. 해당 검체와 동일한 날짜에 실시한 생화학적 검사 중 간 기능(liver function test)의 지표가 되는 AST와 ALT에서 정상범위를 벗어나는 경우가 전체 환자의 68%였으며, 총 빌리루빈 범위도 전체 검체 중 60%가 허용범위를 넘는 결과를 보였다. 백혈구가 과다 측정된 시점에 환자의 임상정보 결과 Cephalosporin계 4세대 항생제인 cefepime을 98%의 환자들이 투여 받은 상태에 있었다. 백혈구 과다측정은 하나의 원인보다 다양한 원인들이 복합적으로 작용하여 발생하는 것으로 사료된다. During an 8 month period from January to August 2007, complete blood count (CBC) samples were taken from various wards and from the outpatient department at Samsung Medical Center. In order to determine whether or not the total white blood cells were over counted, results were obtained from both the 4Diff/channel and the white blood cell channel from the automated blood analysis equipment from S company for comparison. Among patients who were on long term treatments, the number of cases determined to be over counted by comparing the WBC counts during this 8 month period was 25. Clinical chemistry tests were also conducted on the same day on the 25 samples taken. 68% of the patients showed to exceed normal range of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) indicating abnormal liver function, and the total bilirubin range were also in excess in 60% of the total samples taken. Further clinical information which was obtained from the patients showed 98% of the patients were administered with cefepime which is the 4th generation cephalosporin at the time when the WBC were over counted. It is assumed that a multiple of factors investigated caused the over count of the WBC rather than a single factor.

‘강성대국론’과 ‘선군정치’에 대한 정치·경제적 접근

조영국(Young-Kuk Cho) 북한대학원대학교 2006 현대북한연구 Vol.9 No.1

수컷 생쥐 생식기관의 형태에 미치는 에스트로겐 수용체 알파의 선택적 촉진제의 농도별 영향

한지연,조영국,조현욱,Han, Ji-Yeon,Cho, Young-Kuk,Cho, Hyun-Wook 한국현미경학회 2011 Applied microscopy Vol.41 No.1

Known as a female hormone, estrogen, has an effect on the male reproductive organs. The estrogen has to combine with the estrogen receptor to communicate a signal. Propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) is an estrogen receptor alpha selective agonist with a 410-, or 1,000-fold relative binding affinity for estrogen receptor alpha versus estrogen receptor beta. In this study, adult male mice were treated weekly with subcutaneously injections of PPT (0.01 mg, 0.1 mg, 1mg and 4 mg) suspended in castor oil (as control) for 8 weeks and observed histologically changes in testis, efferent ductule and epididymis. In the high concentrations of PPT 4 mg treatment group, a remarkable reduction was observed in the weight of the body, testis and epididymis. Microscopic examination revealed a reduction in seminiferous tubular diameter of the testis, and epithelial cell height of the epididymis in treated group during the experiment. In addition, as the diameter of the efferent ductule increased gradually, the height of epithelial cells was decreased. PPT 4 mg treatment group caused inhibition of spermatogenesis due to atrophied germinal epithelium in the testis, and decrease of adipocyte size attached to the epididymis. Sperm was not observed in the caudal epididymis of PPT 4 mg treated group. In conclusion, the injection of high concentrations of PPT into adult male mice induced physiological changes, such as an inhibition of spermatogenesis, and also histological changes within the reproductive organs. 암컷호르몬으로 알려져 있는 에스트로겐이 실제로는 수컷 생식기관에도 영향을 미친다. 에스트로겐은 수용체와 결합하여 그 작용을 나타낸다. Propyl pyrazole triol (PPT)은 에스트로겐 수용체 베타에 비해 상대적으로 알파에 410배 혹은 1,000배 더 높은 선택적 친화성으로 결합하는 에스트로겐 수용체 알파 촉진제이다. 본 연구에서는 성체 수컷 생쥐를 대상으로 castor oil에 각각 0.01 mg, 0.1 mg, 1 mg, 4mg의 농도로 희석한 PPT를 1주에 1회씩 8주 동안 피하주사 하였다. 대조군은 castor oil을 주 1회씩 동일한 기간 동안 생쥐에 피하주사 하였다. 정소, 수출소관, 부정소의 조직학적 변화를 현미경으로 관찰하였다. PPT 4mg의 고농도 투여군에서는 체중, 정소, 부정소의 무게가 뚜렷하게 감소되었다. 실험기간 동안 PPT에 의해 세정관의 직경, 부정소의 상피세포 높이가 감소되었다. 부정소에 붙어 있던 지방세포의 크기는 PPT에 의해 줄어들었다. PPT 4 mg 투여군의 경우, 부정소의 꼬리 부위에 저장되는 정자가 관찰되지 않았다. 결론적으로 고농도의 PPT 투여로 인해 성체 수컷 생쥐의 정자형성 억제와 같은 생리학적 변화가 유발되었고 동시에 생식기관의 조직학적 변화도 유발되었다.

광주,전남 임상병리과 재학생의 학과만족도 및 취업에 대한 의식도 조사

황구연 ( Goo-yeon Hwang ),조영국 ( Young-kuk Cho ) 대한임상검사과학회 2010 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.42 No.1

This investigation has been carried out for the purpose of the examination of current Gwangju and Jeonnam clinical pathology students’ recognition of their departments and of effective employment guidance. Furthermore, it has examined the students’ recognition on two sides; namely, their satisfaction with their own departments and their recognition of the employment of medical technologists. This investigation, with 389 students as its subjects from the clinical pathology departments at 4 universities in the Gwangju- Jeonnam Region, has compared and analyzed the data from the survey with a questionnaire from November 2008 to June 2009 by using the SPSS 12.0 package. Some of the remarkable results from the yielded data are as follows. As for the motivation for their application to the clinical pathology departments, the investigation of the students’ satisfaction with their departments has revealed that 47.5% of the subjects indicated recommendation from friends or acquaintances while 22.1% reported that they had been informed of the departments through Internet. 70.4% of the subjects graduated from general high schools, 22.3% from commercial high schools, and 6.2% from technical high schools. Applicants from general high schools tend to decrease in number every year. 28.5% of the students judged professor’s capability of lecture as an important part of their acquisition of licenses, and more than 65.6% of the subjects acknowledged the necessity of their self-study at night for the acquisition of license. As for the future prospect of the occupation of clinical technologist, 46.8% of the students replied that it was promising, while 39.1% reported that they had no ideas. From this we can confirm that the students of clinical pathology lacked a viewpoint of occupation and goals for future jobs. The investigation of the students’recognition of the employment of clinical technologists has revealed that 47.8% of them wanted to be employed in the Seoul-Gyeonggi Region due to the properties of their local universities, 29.0% of themlogpecteties of monesly salary to be 1,200,000~1,300,000 won, while 22.4% 1,300,000~1,400,000 won. These fiemres indicated that these students’ salary ogpectations were relativplo lower than those from cities ertiprovinces. As for the greatest difficulty after employment, 31.1% of the subjects indicated the confliction among employees from variouatiolleges, 27.3% uncertainty of duties related to es of major, 24.9% bmrdens of self-development.

영상의학과 촬영실에서의 세균 오염도 측정에 관한 연구

동경래(Dong Kyung-Rae),조영국(Cho Young-Kuk),노상호(Ro Sang-Ho) 한국콘텐츠학회 2009 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

현재 영상의학과에서 사용되는 촬영장비는 질환을 가지고 있는 환자와의 접촉이 불가피 하기 때문에 병원균이 존재 할 수밖에 없다. 따라서 영상의학과 촬영실에서의 세균 오염도를 측정하고, 검출된 세균들을 소독(물, Tissue Cleaner, 70% 알코올)하여 소독 전ㆍ후 세균의 감소율을 비교함으로써 병원감염예방에 있어 소독제 사용의 중요성과 병원감염관리의 인식을 높이고자 한다. 영상의학과 촬영실에서의 세균 오염도를 측정 하였을 때 여러 가지 세균들이 검출되었다. 영상의학과 촬영실내를 소독할 때 물이나 Tissue Cleaner, 환기 보다는 70% Alcohol을 사용하여 소독을 실시하는 것이 세균 사멸 및 병원감염 예방부분에 있어 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 세균을 사멸시키기 위해 보다 좋은 소독제를 개발하여야 하며, 병원 내 각종 의료 장비는 언제나 오염될 가능성이 있으므로 기구에 대한 소독 및 멸균을 실시하여 병원감염으로 인해 환자에게 2차 감염을 유발되지 않도록 노력해야 할 것이다. Since equipment currently being used in the department of radiological technology comes into contact with patients carrying diseases, there inevitably will be the existence of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, in order to increase the importance of using disinfectant in hospital infection precaution and the recognition of hospital infection management, comparisons were made by measuring the bacterial contamination levels in radiology room within the department of radiological technology and comparing the measurements with post disinfection levels. Disinfecting the rooms from detected bacteria was conducted with water, tissue cleaner, or 70% alcohol. When measuring bacterial contamination levels in radiology rooms, a variety of bacteria was detected. When disinfecting the interior of radiology rooms the effectiveness of destroying bacteria and preventing hospital infection was greatest when using 70% alcohol compared to water, tissue cleaner and ventilation. Therefore, there needs to be a development of a better antiseptic for destroying bacteria because there is a possibility for hospital medical equipment to be constantly contaminated. Efforts need to be made to prevent hospital infections and patient secondary infection by disinfecting and sterilizing equipment.