초음파 응답특성 분석에 의한 위장 경화 진단시스템의 설계

임도형,김은근,이균정,박원필,김한성,신태민,최서형,이용흠,Lim, Do-Hyung,Kim, Eun-Geun,Lee, Gyoun-Jung,Park, Won-Pil,Kim, Han-Sung,Shin, Tae-Min,Choi, Seo-Hyung,Lee, Yong-Heum 대한의용생체공학회 2007 의공학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Functional gastrointestinal disorders affect millions of people of all age regardless of race and sex. There are, however, rare diagnostic methods for the functional gastrointestinal disorders because functional disorders show no evidence of organic and physical causes. Our research group identified recently that the gastrointestinal tract well in the patients with the functional gastrointestinal disorders becomes more rigid than healthy people when palpating the abdominal regions overlaying the gastrointestinal tract. The aim is, therefore, to develop a diagnostic method for the functional gastrointestinal disorders based on quantitative measurement of the rigidity of the gastrointestinal tract well using ultrasound technique. For this purpose, a preliminary ultrasound diagnostic system was developed and verified through phantom tests. The system consisted of transmitter, ultrasonic transducer, receiver, TGC, and CPLD, and verified via a phantom test. For the phantom test, ten soft-tissue specimens were harvested from porcine. Five of them were then treated chemically to mimic a rigid condition of gastrointestinal tract well, which was induced by functional gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, the specimens were tested mechanically to identify if the mimic was reasonable. The customized ultrasound system was finally verified through application to human subjects with/without functional gastrointestinal disorders(Normal and Patient Groups). It was identified from the mechanical test that the chemically treated specimens were more rigid than normalspecimen. This finding was favorably compared with the result obtained from the phantom test. The phantom test also showed that ultrasound system well described the specimen geometric characteristics and detected an alteration in the specimens. The maximum amplitude of the ultrasonic reflective signal in the rigid specimens $(0.2{\pm}0.1Vp-p)$ at the interface between the fat and muscle layers was explicitly higher than that in the normal specimens $(0.1{\pm}0.0Vp-p)$ (p<0.05). Clinical tests using our customized ultrasound system for human subject showed that the maximum amplitudes of the ultrasonic reflective signals nea. to the gastrointestinal tract well for the patient group$(2.6{\pm}0.3Vp-p)$ were generally higher than those in normal group$(0.1{\pm}0.2Vp-p)$ (p<0.05). These results suggest that newly designed diagnostic system based on ultrasound technique may diagnose enough the functional gastrointestinal disorders.

유한 요소 해석을 이용한 고주파 간 종양 절제술의 입력 파형 최적화를 위한 연구

임도형,남궁범석,이태우,최진승,탁계래,김한성,Lim, Do-Hyung,NamGung, Bum-Seok,Lee, Tae-Woo,Choi, Jin-Seung,Tack, Gye-Rae,Kim, Han-Sung 대한의용생체공학회 2007 의공학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Hepatocellular carcinoma is significant worldwide public health problem with an estimated annually mortality of 1,000,000 people. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an interventional technique that in recent years has come to be used for treatment of the hepatocellualr carcinoma, by destructing tumor tissues in high temperatures. Numerous studies have been attempted to prove excellence of RF ablation and to improve its efficiency by various methods. However, the attempts are sometimes paradox to advantages of a minimum invasive characteristic and an operative simplicity in RF ablation. The aim of the current study is, therefore, to suggest an improved RF ablation technique by identifying an optimum RF pattern, which is one of important factors capable of controlling the extent of high temperature region in lossless of the advantages of RF ablation. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed and validated comparing with the results reported by literature. Four representative Rf patterns (sine, square, exponential, and simulated RF waves), which were corresponding to currents fed during simulated RF ablation, were investigated. Following parameters for each RF pattern were analyzed to identify which is the most optimum in eliminating effectively tumor tissues. 1) maximum temperature, 2) a degree of alteration of maximum temperature in a constant time range (30-40 second), 3) a domain of temperature over $47^{\circ}C$ isothermal temperature (IT), and 4) a domain inducing over 63% cell damage. Here, heat transfer characteristics within the tissues were determined by Bioheat Governing Equation. Developed FE model showed 90-95% accuracy approximately in prediction of maximum temperature and domain of interests achieved during RF ablation. Maximum temperatures for sine, square, exponential, and simulated RF waves were $69.0^{\circ}C,\;66.9^{\circ}C,\;65.4^{\circ}C,\;and\;51.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. While the maximum temperatures were decreased in the constant time range, average time intervals for sine, square, exponential, and simulated RE waves were $0.49{\pm}0.14,\;1.00{\pm}0.00,\;1.65{\pm}0.02,\;and\;1.66{\pm}0.02$ seconds, respectively. Average magnitudes of the decreased maximum temperatures in the time range were $0.45{\pm}0.15^{\circ}C$ for sine wave, $1.93{\pm}0.02^{\circ}C$ for square wave, $2.94{\pm}0.05^{\circ}C$ for exponential wave, and $1.53{\pm}0.06^{\circ}C$ for simulated RF wave. Volumes of temperature domain over $47^{\circ}C$ IT for sine, square, exponential, and simulated RF waves were 1480mm3, 1440mm3, 1380mm3, and 395mm3, respectively. Volumes inducing over 63% cell damage for sine, square, exponential, and simulated RF waves were 114mm3, 62mm3, 17mm3, and 0mm3, respectively. These results support that applying sine wave during RF ablation may be generally the most optimum in destructing effectively tumor tissues, compared with other RF patterns.

심혈관조영술 및 중재술 시 환자 선량 감소방안

임도형(Do-Hyung Lim),안성민(Sung-Min Ahn) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2022 방사선기술과학 Vol.45 No.1

This study, the method of reducing the exposure dose by changing the geometrical requirements among the preceding studies and the method of directly wearing a protector on the patient were used to expose the patient. A comparative experiment was conducted on the method of reducing the dose and the most effective method for reducing the exposure dose was investigated. Using the phantom, the dose of the lens, thyroid gland, and gonad gland in the 5 views most used in coronary angiography and intervention accumulated 5 times for 10 seconds at 60~70 kV, 200~250 mA as an automatic controller of the angiography system, and measured by Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeter(OSLD). SID 100 cm and Cine 15 f/s as a control group the experiment was conducted by dividing the experimental group into 3 groups: a group lowered to Cine 7.5 f/s, a phantom protector, and a group lowered to 95 cm SID. As a result of the experiment, showing decrease in exposure dose compared to the control group. Lowering the cine frame may be the simplest and most effective method to reduce the exposure dose, but there is a limit that it cannot be applied if the operator judges that the diagnostic value is small or feels uncomfortable with the procedure. Conclusion as fallow reducing the exposure dose by directly wearing protector is the next best solution, and it is hoped that the conclusions obtained through this study will help reduce the exposure dose to unnecessary organ.

중,노년층을 수용하는 멀티플렉스 영화관 "Cinergy" 브랜드 개발 -<디자인+마케팅> 융합을 중심으로-

임도형(주저자) ( Do Hyung Lim ),이예솔(주저자) ( Ye Sol Lee ),방지현(주저자) ( Ji Hyun Bang ),이진민(공동저자) ( Jin Min Rhie ),장미정(공동저자) ( Mi Jeong Jang ),이미연(공동저자) ( Mi Yeon Lee ),홍순미(공동저자) ( Soon Mi Hong ) 숙명여자대학교 산업디자인연구소 2014 숙명디자인학 연구 Vol.19 No.-

본 연구는 중·노년층을 수용하는 멀티플렉스 영화관의 브랜드 개발에 있어서 ‘브랜드와 디자인, 마케팅, 이 벤트’ 을 융합된 시점에서 Graphic Identity, Product Identity, Space Identity의 통합브랜드를 구축하는 프로세스를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 2014년 3윌-6윌 15주간 숙명여대 환경디자인학과 〈브랜드스페이스마케팅> 수업의 결과물로서 6개 팀 중 1개 팀의 작업 과제를 정리한 것이다. 본 연구의 범위는 物, 事, 人, 場의 주제 중 事의 ‘서비스’ 로 한정한다. 그 결과, 디자인과 마케팅의 융합된 측면에서 도출된 ‘CINERGY’ 이라는 중·노년세대와 젊은 세대가 소통하는 향수 마케팅으로 멀티플렉스 영화관을 개발하였다. 전략의 연구대상은 40~60대의 중·노년층의 세대로 한정한다. 아울러 멀티플 렉스의 홍보용 그래픽에서 음식 팩케이지, 회원 카드, 가방, STAFF 유니폼 등과 같은 제품 그리고 70, 80년대의 향수를 불러일으키는 공간연출까지 아이디어와 디자인, 마케팅이 융합된 결과물이라 할 수 있다. 끝으로 본 연 구는 ‘CINERGY’ 브랜드 아이덴티티를 개발함에 있어 디자인과 마케팅이 융합된 통합 브랜드 아이덴티티를 만 든것에 의의가 있다. The present study aims to take a look at ``Brand, Design, and marketing`` from a convergence perspective and establish an Integrative brand of graphic Identity, product identity, and space identity, in developing the multiplex cinema brand to accommodate the middle-aged and the elderly. This study aims for a compilation of the work of a team among six teams from their course products in the ``Brand Space Marketing`` course in the Department of Environmental Design in Sookmyung Women University which was provided between March and June, 2014. The scope of this study is limited to ``service`` of Work among Thing, Work, Peron, and Place. As a result, ``Cinergy, a multiplex cinema brand has been developed on the fusion of design and marketing aspects with the emophasis on nostalgia marketing for the older generations communicating with younger ones. The following strategles were incorporated in targeting the middle-aged and aging populations between their 40s and 60s. The products of converging ideas, designs, and marketing range from the products such as promotional graphics, food packages, membership cards, bage, and staff uniforms, to staging that evoke the nostalgia of the 70s and the 80s. Lastly, the significance of this study lies in creating a brand identity that integrated design and marketing in developing the brand identity, ``Cinergy.``

당근 Phytoalexin 6-Methoxymellein 생합성에 미치는 Polychlorinated Biphenyls 및 Phenol의 영향

임도형 ( Do Hyung Lim ),임다솜 ( Da Som Lim ),금영수 ( Young Soo Keum ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Polychlorinated biphenyl은 잔류성 환경 오염물질로서, 다양한 생리 독성 때문에 인축에 대한 세부적 연구가 수행된바 있다. 한편 포유동물을 대상으로 진행된 연구에서 hydroxy PCBs, PCB quinones, 및 methylsulfonyl PCBs 등의 대사물이 발견되었으며, 이들은 모화합물과는 상이한 독성을 나타낸다고 보고되었다. 그러나 이와 같은 동물에 대한 연구와 비교하여, 식물 및 토양 미생물에 대한 영향, 독성 등에 대한 연구는 매우 제한적이다. 일반적으로 식물의 경우, 농약 등과 같은 외래 물질 또는 자외선, 병원균 등의 외래 스트레스원의 작용을 받게되면, 특이 생물활성을 지닌 파이토알렉신 등의 이차 대사산물을 생합성하는 것이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 수 종의 PCB 및 hydroxy PCB, phenol 류 등을 화학적으로 합성하고, 이들의 처리에 따른 당근 중, 파이토알렉신인 6-메톡시멜레인 생합성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 증류수를 처리한 대조구의 경우, 파이토알렉신의 농도는 처리 후 2일에 최대치까지 증가하였으며, 이후 지속적으로 감소하였다. 한편 2-hydroxy/4-hydroxybiphenyl의 경우, 처리 후 3일까지 증대한 반면, 비교적 지용성이 높은 PCB-126 및 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybiphenyl 처리구에서는 처리 1일 후, 최대치를 나타내어 화합물의 구조 또는 지용성 등에 따라 다른 유도효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에 따라, 환경 오염물질의 성상에 따라, 토양 중, 재배 농작물의 생리 활성 2차 대사물질의 생합성이 다양하게 변화됨을 알 수 있었다. BACKGROUND: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most common environmental contaminants. Because of their recalcitrant properties and long-term toxicity, numerous studies have been performed. The toxicological concerns are focused on endocrinological effects of animal. Several different metabolites have been reported, including hydroxy PCBs, PCB quinones, and methylsulfonyl PCBs from animal tissues. However, details in plants have never been studied. It is well-known that plants can produce phytoalexin in response to chemical, physical, or pathological stress. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the several PCBs and hydroxy derivatives were prepared by chemical syntheses. Their effects on secondary metabolite biosynthesis were determined in carrot roots. The levels of 6-methoxymellein were determined in several different treatments, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In general, the concentration of 6-methoxymellein reached a maximum at 2 days and gradually decreased to trace level at 5 days in control experiments. However, the effects of PCBs or hydroxy derivatives were highly dependent on compounds. For example, the maximum concentrations of 6-methoxymellein were observed at 3 days for 2-hydroxy/4-hydroxybiphenyl, while 3,3`,4,4`,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybiphenyl showed a rapid accumulation within 1 day, followed by rapid dissipation to undetectable levels. CONCLUSION: Biphenyl derivatives were effective elicitor of 6-methoxymellein accumulation. In general, hydroxybiphenyls (phenols) more efficiently induced phytoalexin biosynthesis than those without hydroxy groups. It can be concluded that PCBs or their possible metabolites could change the plant secondary metabolism.

Polychlorinated Biphenyl의 작물-토양간 흡수 이행성

임도형(Do-Hyung Lim),임다솜(Da-Som Lim),금영수(Young-Soo Keum) 한국농약과학회 2016 농약과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

중환자실에서의 기관절개술

조강한(Kang Han Cho),임도형(Do Hyung Lim),이규석(Kyu Suk Lee),백상흠(Sang Heum Paik),양훈식(Hoon Shik Yang),김춘길(Chun Gil Kim) 대한두경부종양학회 2002 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Background and Objectives: The tracheotomy is one of the most essential surgical procedures performed in the intensive care unit (ICU). The tracheal stenosis, as a complication following endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy, has been the subject of considerable recent investigation. Many different methods have been developed to avoid the tracheal stenosis but there is still controversy about the tracheal incisions. We had performed tracheotomy using a vertical elliptical tracheal incision in the ICU to evaluate its efficiency and safety. Materials and Methods: 191 patients who underwent the tracheotomy in the ICU between 1995 and 2000 were reviewed retrospectively by chart records and interviews. Results: The complications were reported such as bleeding, infection, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, tracheoesophageal fistula and tracheal stenosis. The total numbers of complications were 35 cases (18.3%) and the tracheal stenosis was developed in 4 patients. The characteristics of tracheal stenosis are as follows. Conclusion: The vertical elliptical tracheal incision is the safe and reliable methods in ICU patients compared with other methods, but other factors are also important in preventing the complications.

한려해상국립공원 금산지역 계곡부의 해발고와 사면부위에 따른 산림구조

박인협 ( In Hyeop Park ),임도형 ( Do Hyung Lim ),류석봉 ( Suk Bong Ryu ),이석면 ( Seok Myon Lee ) 한국환경생태학회 1999 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.12 No.4

전방십자인대 손상으로 인한 슬관절 불안정성에 따른 경골 골단 해면골 미세구조 변화 : 내방과 외방에서의 해면골 미세구조 패턴 변화

이주형,전경진,김한성,임도형,Lee, Joo-Hyung,Chun, Keyoung-Jin,Kim, Han-Sung,Lim, Do-Hyung 대한의용생체공학회 2012 의공학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Knee joint instability by anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) rupture is allowing the abnormal loading condition at the tibial epiphysis locally, resulting in producing locally different bone bruise. The study examined difference between local alteration patterns of trabecular bone microarchitecture at medial and lateral parts of the tibial epiphysis by ACL rupture. Fourteen SD rats were divided into Control(CON; n = 7) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection(ACLT; n = 7) groups. The tibial joints were then scanned by in vivo ${\mu}$-CT at 0, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery. The results showed that alteration pattern on trabecular bone microarchitecture at medial part was significantly higher than that at lateral part of the tibial epiphysis in ACLT group from 0 to 8 weeks(P < 0.05). Tb.Th and Tb.Sp distributions were well corresponded with differences between aforementioned trabecular bone microarchitectural alteration pattens at medial and lateral parts of the tibial epiphysis in ACLT group from 0 to 8 weeks(P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the alteration patterns of trabecular bone microarchitecture should be locally and periodically considered, particularly with respect to the prediction of bone fracture risk by ACL rupture. Improved understanding of the alteration patterns at medial and lateral trabecular bone microarchitectures at the tibial epiphysis may assist in developing more targeted treatment interventions for knee joint instability secondary to ACL rupture.

지리산국립공원 계곡부의 사면방향과 해발고에 따른 산림구조

박인협 ( In Hyeop Park ),임도형 ( Do Hyung Lim ),문광선 ( Gwang Sun Moon ) 한국환경생태학회 2001 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.14 No.1