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인교,안남근,배봉석,이명우,박희원,장경화,조병구,한창균,박재규,곽이성 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3
Background: The chemical constituents of Panax ginseng are changed by processing methods such as steaming or sun drying. In the present study, the chemical change of Panax ginseng induced by steaming was monitored in situ. Methods: Samples were separated from the same ginseng root by incision during the steaming process, for in situ monitoring. Sampling was sequentially performed in three stages; FG (fresh ginseng) / SG (steamed ginseng) / RG (red ginseng) and 60 samples were prepared and freeze dried. The samples were then analyzed to determine 43 constituents among three stages of P. ginseng. Results: The results showed that six malonyl-ginsenoside (Rg1, Rb1, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rb2) and 15 amino acids were decreased in concentration during the steaming process. In contrast, ginsenoside-Rh1, 20(S)-Rg2, 20(S, R)-Rg3 and Maillard reaction product such as AF (arginine-fructose), AFG (arginine-fructoseglucose), and maltol were newly generated or their concentrations were increased. Conclusion: This study elucidates the dynamic changes in the chemical components of P. ginseng when the steaming process was induced. These results are thought to be helpful for quality control and standardization of herbal drugs using P. ginseng and they also provide a scientific basis for pharmacological research of processed ginseng (Red ginseng).
Cupferron과 Tetrabutylammonium ion을 이용한 Mn(II)의 상승용매 추출에 관한 연구
인교,소진환,최종문,김영상,In, Gyo,So, Jin-Hwan,Choi, Jong-Moon,Kim, Young-Sang 한국분석과학회 2004 분석과학 Vol.17 No.1
The synergistic solvent extraction of Mn(II) by N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamineammonium salt (cupferron) and tetrabutylammonium ion ($TBA^+$) has been studied. In the presence of $TBA^+$, over 95% Mn(II) was extracted from an aqueous solution into chloroform by the cupferron in the pH range of 4 to 10. But a part of Mn(II) was extracted with only cupferron. The ternary complex of Mn(II) was more efficiently extracted into $CH_2Cl_2$ and $CHCl_3$ than other nonpolar solvents. The extracted Mn(II) was determined in the back-extracted $HNO_3$ solution by GF-AAS. This fixed procedure was applied to the determination of trace Mn(II) in tap water samples of pH 5.0. The detection limit equivalent to 3 times standard deviation of the background absorption was 0.37 ng/mL and Mn(II) was determined with the range of 0.4 to 1.01 ng/mL in our laboratory's tap water. And the recovery was 94 to 107% in samples in which 2.0 ng/mL Mn(II) was spiked. The interferences of common concomitant elements such as Cu(II), Ca(II), Fe(III) and so on were not shown up to $10{\sim}20{\mu}g/mL$. From these results, this procedure could be concluded to be applied for the determination of trace Mn(II) in other environmental water samples. N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamineammonium salt(cupferron)과 tetrabutylammonium ion ($TBA^+$)을 사용하여 수용액 중 미량 Mn(II)을 상승 용매 추출하는 법에 대해서 연구하였다. $TBA^+$가 존재할 때 cupferron으로 수용액 중의 Mn(II)을 추출하면 용액의 pH 4-10 범위에서 95% 이상이 추출되지만 $TBA^+$가 존재하지 않으면 거의 추출되지 않았다. 이런 조건에서 Mn(II)의 추출은 $CH_2Cl_2$나 $CHCl_3$와 같은 유기용매를 사용 할 때가 다른 비극성 용매를 사용할 때 보다 현저히 잘 추출되었으므로 여기서는 chloroform을 사용하였다. 그리고 수용액의 pH는 5로 조절하였다. 실제시료 중 존재하는 극미량의 Mn(II)을 정량하기 위해서는 chloroform에 추출된 Mn(II)을 다시 0.1 mol/L $HNO_3$용액에 역 추출하여 GF-AAS로 Mn(II)의 흡광도를 측정하였다. 본 방법으로 얻은 Mn(II)의 검출한계는 0.37 ng/mL이었고, 이 방법을 응용하여 실험실 수돗물 중 Mn(II)을 정량한 결과는 0.4-1.01 ng/mL로 얻어졌다. 이 시료에 일정량의 Mn(II)용액을 첨가하여 얻은 회수율은 94-107%이었다. 그리고 Cu(II), Ca(II), Fe(III) 등 공존하는 다른 원소는 10 내지 $20{\mu}g/mL$까지 Mn(II) 정량에 방해를 하지 않았다. 이로서 본 방법이 극미량 Mn(II)의 새로운 분석법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
이영대,인교동 釜慶大學校 2000 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.5 No.-
Data obtained from the subsurface exploration in Nak-dong river basin have been analyzed to characterize the general patterns of the soil strata and soil characteristics of soft ground. The soft soil is widely distributed over the entire plain adjacent to the Nak-dong river including the deltaic area in the mouth of a river. The soft clay layer is located below the top sand layer and it is sometimes found below the bottom sand layer in some restricted areas. The physical characteristics in the alluvial layer exhibited a widely scattered distribution and no clear pattern. The natural water content increased from the surface and reached it maximum value at the depth of 20m and thereafter it tended to decrease with depth. The unit weight showed a similar pattern to the natural water content. The soil was classified as CL or CH according to the unified soil classification system. The mechanical characteristics showed a tendency to increase with depth whereas the undrained shear strengths did not. The distribution of sensitivities of the soft clay showed no relation with depth. The values of overconsolidation ratio were distributed widely depending on the site but most of them were concentrated between 0.8 and 1.0 The values of compression index ranged between 0.2 and 1.2 but they showed great differences in the same area.
이민희,박수정,문윤정,인교,김종한,김성원,이미향,김옥경 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.7
Estrogen, produced mainly in the ovaries, plays a role in sexual development, metabolism, and bone formation. Thus, estrogen deficiency due to menopause can lead to overweight, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis. In this study, we compared the effects of extracts of Sargassum fusiforme, Pueraria lobata, and their mixtures at various ratios on osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells and investigated the effect of PS31 (P. lobata: S. fusiforme = 3:1, KGC02PS) on postmenopausal symptoms in ovariectomized rats. PS31 supplementation, as little as 100 mg/kg BW, effectively reduced ovariectomy-induced weight gain, and total triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in serum. In addition, PS31 supplementation prevented bone density loss, inhibited bone resorption, and reduced the expression of catabolic factors in bone. However, PS31 supplementation did not affect uterus weight and expression of c-Jun and c-Fos, which suggests that the mechanism of action of PS31 is distinct from that of estrogen. Taken together, we demonstrated that PS31 supplementation alleviated postmenopausal symptoms, including overweight, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis. Therefore, PS31 could be potentially used as food supplement to prevent postmenopausal symptoms.
Yulong Zheng,이재선,이은혜,인교,김종한,이미향,이옥환,강일준 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.3
Anti-obesity activities of Korean red ginseng saponin fraction (RGS) and/or Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract (GG) were investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6J obese mice. RGS and GG extracts were mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1 (SG31), 1:1 (SG11), or 1:3 (SG13). SG31 showed the highest anti-obesity activity among the three different mass ratios of RGS and GG extracts. SG31 showed higher inhibition efficiency on triglyceride (TG) accumulation than either single extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and without any cytotoxicity. It also decreases the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes such as C/EBPα and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c). In the obese induced mouse model, SG31 significantly reduced white adipose tissue weight and body weight, attenuated dyslipidemia, and decreased serum TG levels. In some indices, the activity of SG31 was even higher compared with Garcinia Cambogia water extract, a positive control. The possible mechanism by which SG31 causes the above results was by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and stimulating the secretion of adiponectin in adipose tissue to regulate energy metabolism balance, inhibit TG formation, and promote β-oxidation of fatty acids. Therefore, SG31 may have efficacy as an anti-obesity functional food or raw material if the results can be confirmed in human studies.