골절의 절대위험도 평가방법에서 GE Prodigy와 FRAX Tool의 비교분석에 관한 고찰

이화진,이효영,윤종준,이무석,송현석,박세윤,정지욱,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Lee, Hyo-Yeong,Yun, Jong-Jun,Lee, Mu-Seok,Song, Hyeon-Seok,Park, Se-Yun,Jeong, Ji-Uk 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.3

목적: WHO (world health organization)에서는 골밀도뿐만 아니라 대규모 역학연구에서 정리된 골절의 위험인자 분석을 통하여 10년 내 골절위험도(10-year fracture probability)를 실제적으로 임상에 적용시킬 수 있는 소프트웨어 프로그램인 FRAX Tool (fracture risk assessment)이 2008년에 공개되었다. 본 연구는 기존에 사용하고 있는 GE Prodigy사의 골절위험도평가와 $FRAX^{TM}$를 이용한 골절위험도평가를 비교분석하고자 한다. 검사방법: 본원에 골밀도 검사를 시행한 201명($55{\pm}3.5$세)의 여자를 대상으로 GE Prodigy를 이용하여 Femur를 측정하였다. 측정한 Femoral Neck의 BMD (bone mineral density)를 구하여 GE Prodigy의 T-값과 골절위험인자를 고려하지 않은 $FRAX^{TM}$의 T-값를 사용하여 10년 내 대퇴골 골절위험도와 주요한 골다공증성 골절 위험도를 계산하여 SPSS통계프로그램으로 GE Prodigy의 골절위험도 평가와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 골절위험도 평가를 비교분석하였다. 결과: GE Prodigy의 T-값($-0.52{\pm}0.97$)과 $FRAX^{TM}$의 T-값 ($-1.45{\pm}0.81$)은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p=0.000), GE Prodigy의 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도($9.15{\pm}3.71$)와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도($4.87{\pm}1.51$)도 또한 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.000). 그리고 GE Prodigy의 10년내 대퇴골 골절위험도($1.56{\pm}1.48$)와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 10년 내 대퇴골골절위험도($0.53{\pm}0.61$)도 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.000). 결론: GE Prodigy와 $FRAX^{TM}$에서 측정한 골절의 절대위험도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히 GE Prodigy의 T-값, 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도, 10년 내 대퇴골 골절위험도가 높게 측정되었다. 향후 $FRAX^{TM}$에 대한 평가 및 적용에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: World Health Organization (WHO) have suggested that an individual's 10-year absolute fracture risk is more reliable than Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measurement as the predictor of osteoporotic fracture. In 2008, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool ($FRAX^{TM}$) was developed by WHO to evaluate fracture risk of patients based on individual's clinical risk factors. The purpose of this study is to offer the comparative analysis of the existing GE prodigy and $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool in Absolute Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. Materials and Methods: 201 women ($55{\pm}3.5$ years) underwent femoral neck BMD measurement using GE Prodigy. The 10-year probability (%) of hip fracture (or a major osteoporosis-related fracture) was estimated using T-scores of GE prodigy and $FRAX^{TM}$. We made a comparative analysis of these data using SPSS (Ver.12). Results: There was a significant difference statistically between T-score ($-0.52{\pm}0.97$) of GE prodigy and T-score ($-1.45{\pm}0.81$) of $FRAX^{TM}$ (r=0.977, p=0.000). Also, there was a significant difference statistically between a major osteoporosis- related fracture ($9.15{\pm}3.71$) of GE prodigy and a major osteoporosis-related fracture ($4.87{\pm}1.51$) of $FRAX^{TM}$ (r=0.909, p=0.000). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found in the 10-year probability of hip fracture of GE prodigy ($1.56{\pm}1.48$) and of hip fracture ($0.53{\pm}0.61$) of $FRAX^{TM}$ (r=0.905, p=0.000). Conclusions: There was a significant difference statistically between GE prodigy and $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool in Absolute Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. Especially, T-score, a major osteoporosis-related fracture and the 10-year probability of hip fracture that were estimated using GE prodigy tended to show the higher results than one evaluated by $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool. In conclusion, $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool may provide a better tool. The application of $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool as a fracture predictor remains to be clarified.

HSI와 YIQ의 복합 색상정보를 이용한 차량 번호판 영역 추출

이화진,박형철,전병환,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Park, Hyung-Chul,Jun, Byung-Hwan 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리논문지 Vol.7 No.12

본 논문은 자가용과 영업용 차량의 컬러 영상에서 번호판 영역을 찾는 방법에 대한 연구이다. 번호판 영역 추출을 위해 차량 영상에서 번호판 영역은 차종에 따라 일정한 색상을 가지고 있다는 특징을 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 단일 색상 정보에만 의존하지 않고, HSI 컬러모델의 색상 성분 H와 YIQ 컬러 모델의 색상 성분 Q를 결합하는 방식을 제안한다. 또한 처리 과정의 효율성을 높이기 위하여 입력 영상 전체를 처리하지 않고, 수평 라인별 탐색을 통해 번호판의 높이 구간을 찾도록 한다. H 성분과 Q 성분을 각각 사용한 경우와 두 색상 성분을 결합하여 추출한 경우를 비교 실험한 결과, H 성분에만 의존한 경우는 53.6%, Q 성분에만 의존한 경우는 82.1%, 결합 색상 성분에 의한 경우에는 94.6%의 추출률을 보였다. This paper describes a method that extracts the region of car-licence plates in color images of private and commercial cars. To extract car-licence plates, we use the feature that car-licence plate regions have regular colors according to the kinds of cars. In this paper, we propose the method that combines H component of HSI color model and Q component of YIQ color model. To improve efficiency of the process, we cxplore lines ill a car image by a regular interval in a bottom-up style. As a result, the extraction rates by only H-component. only by Q- component. and by combined Hand Q, are 53.6%, 82.1%, and 94.6% respectively.

통원 뇌졸중 환자의 우울 및 가족 지지가 재활 동기에 미치는 영향

이화진,이명선,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Yi, Myung-Sun 한국재활간호학회 2004 재활간호학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify relationships between depression, family support, and rehabilitation-motivation in patients with cerebrovascular accident. Method: The data were collected from 'S' hospital in Seoul from Feb. 1, 2004 to Apr. 30, 2004. The data were analyzed using a SPSS 10.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Result: The results were as follows: The mean rehabilitation-motivation was 119.89, which was slightly high. The rehabilitation-motivation was influenced by religion, education level, occupation, economic status, treatment fee, duration of hospitalization, level of language ability and ADL. Rehabilitation-motivation has showed correlation with family support (r=.538, p=.000) and depression (r=-.417, p=.000). The variables related to rehabilitation-motivation were identified as family support, level of ADL, occupation, depression, and education level, using stepwise multiple regression. They were accounted for 57% of predictability of the rehabilitation-motivation, with the family support the highest at 29.3%. Conclusion: With increasing post stroke patients in Korea, we need to pay more attention to the rehabilitation of them. This study indicates that health professionals need to focus on the intervention especially in increasing family support and in decreasing depression of the patients with cerebrovascular accident.

알루미나-유리 복합체용 글래스의 조성에서 $CeO_2$의 함량변화가 강도에 미치는 영향

이화진,송광엽,강정길,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Song, Kwang-Yeob,Kang, Jeong-Kil 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.5

Dental ceramics have good aesthetics, biocompatibility, low thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance, and color stability. However poor resistance to fracture and shrinkage during firing process have been limiting factors in their use, particularly in multiunit ceramic restorations. A new method for making all-ceramic crowns that have high strength and low processing shrinkage has been developed and is referred to as the Vita In-Ceram method. This study was performed to investigate the effect of $CeO_2$ addition in borosilicate glasses on the strength of alumina-glass composites. Porous alumina compacts were prepared by slip casting and sintered at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Dense composites were made by infiltration of molten glass into partially sintered alumina at $1,140^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours. Specimens were polished sequentially from #800 to #2000 diamond disk. and the final surface finishing on the tensile side was received an additional polishing sequence through $1{\mu}m$ diamond paste. Biaxial flexure test was conducted by using ball-on-three-ball method at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. To examine the microstructural aspect of crack propagation in the alumina-glass composites, Vickers-produced indentation crack was made on the tensile surface at a load of 98.0 N and dwell time of 15 sec, and the radial crack patterns were examined by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The porosity rates of partially sintered alumina decreased with the rising of firing temperature. 2. The maximum biaxial flexure strength of 423.5MPa in alumina-glass composites was obtained with an addition of 3 mol% $CeO_2$ in glass composition and strength values showed the aspect of decrease with the increase of $CeO_2$ content. 3 The biaxial flexure strength values of alumina-glass composites were decreased with rising the firing temperature. 4. Observation of the fracture surfaces of alumina-glass composites indicated that the enhancement of strength in alumina-glass composites was due to the frictional or geometrical inter-locking of rough fracture surfaces and ligamentary bridging by intact islands of materials left behind the fracture front.

생약의 류코트리엔 $B_4$ 수용체결합 저해작용 검색

이화진,류재하,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Ryu, Jae-Ha 한국생약학회 2000 생약학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Leukotriene $B_4\;(LTB_4)$ is a pro-inflammatory mediator synthesized in myeloid cells from arachidonic acid. Elevated levels of $LTB_4$ have been found in a number of inflammatory diseases and levels are related to disease activity in some of these. Because $LTB_4$ interacts with cells through specific cell surface receptors, $LTB_4$ receptor blockade is the most specific approach to reduce the pathogenic role of $LTB_4$. In order to find $LTB_4$ receptor antagonist from plants, we screened the $LTB_4$ receptor antagonistic activity of the methanol extract and solvent fractions of herbal drugs. The ability of samples to inhibit specific binding of $[^3H]-LTB_4$ to human peripheral neutrophils was used as assay to evaluate the antagonistic activity of plant materials. Among the tested methanol extracts of herbal drugs, Mori Radicis Cortex, Perillae Semen, Armeniacae Semen and Sophorae subprostratae Radix showed potent inhibitory activity above 70% at the concentration of $100\;{mu}g/ml$. The inhibitory activities of $LTB_4$ binding to human neutrophils were evaluated for several solvent fractions at three different concentrations. Especially, hexane soluble fractions of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Embeliae Radix, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Aristolochiae Fructus, Magnoliae Cortex and Zingiberis Rhizoma crudus showed moderate activity at $25\;{mu}g/ml$. These fractions were promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided chromatographic purification of active compounds. Silica gel column chromatography of hexane soluble fractions of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Embeliae Radix gave very active sub-fractions, AA-4 and ES-4, and their inhibition activities of $LTB_4$ binding to human neutrophil at $30\;{mu}g/ml$ were 78% and 62%, respectively. From these results we could anticipate new $LTB_4$ receptor antagonist from herbal drugs, and the block of $LTB_4$ effects may provide beneficial in neutrophil mediated diseases such as inflammation and bronchial asthma.

질환 중심 기공프로그램 개발 사전연구: 파킨슨병 관리 프로그램을 중심으로

이화진 ( Hwa Jin Lee ),이혜정 ( Hye Jung Lee ),인창식 ( Chang Shik Yin ),채윤병 ( Youn Byoung Chae ),백유상 ( You Sang Baik ),신용철 ( Yong Cheol Shin ),이상재 ( Sang Jea Lee ),박히준 ( Hi Joon Park ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.4

Background: Qigong is an exercise therapy based on the principles of Traditional East Asian Medicine. The exercises combine the practice of motion and breathing, both guided by mental imagery. Beneficial effects of qigong have been reported on a variety of complaints in chronically ill patients and on gait imbalance in the elderly. Parkinson`s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects neurophysiological function, movement abilities, and quality of life. Objectives: We developed a qigong program based on the Traditional East Asian medical theory regarding the improvement of clinical symptoms of Parkinson`s disease. Methods and Results: Our qigong program consists of three parts. The first one includes movements which stimulate the meridians that run from the toes to the top of the head. The second one is composed of breathing and qigong movements that create harmony and balance with the circulation of Qi and blood on the Meridians. The third is a stage of finger pressure therapy and massage from Daoyin medical qigong to maintain meridian stability. Conclusions: These qigong program would help relieve the clinical symptoms of Parkinson`s disease patients.

논문 : 신체적, 정신적 발달 지연 및 불임인 환자에 있어서 성염색체 이상

이화진 ( Lee Hwa Jin ),고희정 ( Go Hui Jeong ),오선경 ( O Seon Gyeong ),천대우 ( Cheon Dae U ),서창석 ( Seo Chang Seog ),김석현 ( Kim Seog Hyeon ),문신용 ( Mun Sin Yong ) 서울대학교 인구의학연구소 2002 人口醫學硏究論集 Vol.15 No.-

유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 장애인용 특수자판의 최적화

이화진(Whajin Lee),박희경(HeeKyong park),조유진(Eugene Cho),권소영(SoYoung Gwon),장병탁(Byoung-Tak Zhang),박승수(SeungSoo park) 한국정보과학회 2003 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.1B

현재 장애인의 삶의 질을 향상시키고자 노력의 하나로서 장애인을 위한 다양한 정보통신기기들이 개발되고 있다. 그 중에서 지체장애인을 위한 가상자판(virtual keyboard)은 눈동자의 방향에 따라 글자를 입력하는 장치이다. 현재 만들어지는 가상자판은 눈의 피로를 고려하지 않아서 실생활에서 사용하기에 어려운 점이 많다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 유전 알고리즘(genetic algorithms)을 이용하여 가상자판의 배열을 최적화하는 방법을 제시한다. 실험 결과는 피로도, 이동거리, 글쇠 누르는 횟수에 있어서 전반적으로 좋은 성능을 보이고 있다.

고등학교 『독서와 문법1』교과서의 "음운 변동" 기술 양상과 문제점 -설명에 제시된 예시 자료를 중심으로

이화진 ( Hwajin Lee ) 국어교육학회 2015 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.50 No.3

본고는 현행 고등학교 『독서와 문법 I』교과서에서 다루고 있는 ‘음운변동’에 대한 내용을 살펴보고, 각 출판사별로 교과서에 제시된 예시 자료와 그에 따른 설명의 타당성을 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 먼저 교과서에 제시된 음운 현상의 유형 분류를 살펴보면, 일반적으로 기술문법에서 제시한 방식과 유사하나 ‘두음 법칙, 사잇소리 현상, ㅅ 탈락, 음절축약’은 유형 분류에 적지 않은 문제점을 지니고 있으므로 신중한 분류와 기술이 요구된다.다음으로 교과서에 제시된 예시 자료를 살펴보면, 예시들이 변동의 환 경보다는 입력부와 출력부에 초점이 맞춰져 있다. 따라서 학습자들이 음운의 변동을 보다 효과적으로 이해하도록 하기 위해서는 음운 현상에 적용되는 환경을 정확히 기술하고, 그에 따른 적절하고 다양한 예시 자료를 함께 보여 줘야 할 것이다. The goal of this study is to examine the description of ‘phonological fluctuation’ and to confirm adequacy of examples in high school textbook. The explanation of current Korean grammar textbook is focused on synchronic phonological phenomena. However various type of phonological environments that represent synchronic phonological phenomena are not proposed apparently. In consequence, the learners do not accept the principle of phonological phenomena in simple way. Firstly, I analyzed the various type of phonological fluctuations arepresented in the textbook. Despite the adequacy in general description of the phonological fluctuations, there are issues in the classification ofsome phonological fluctuations - initial law, ‘Sait-sori’ phenomena, syllable coalescence, and S-deletion. Secondly, I confirmed the examples for the explanation are presented in the each section of textbook. There are only few examples that provide the insufficient explanation in the textbook. Therefore it needs to describe the phonological fluctuations with more consistent and diverse examples for the learners.

노장(老莊)의 미학사상에서 보는 한국춤의 심미관조(審美觀照) 고찰

이화진 ( Hwa Jin Lee ) 大韓舞踊學會 2013 대한무용학회논문집 Vol.71 No.3

This study looks at the organic relationships the among various characteristics that form the aesthetics philosophy of Korean dance and the main concepts of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu, namely ``principle``, ``natural inaction``, ``supreme beauty supreme delight``, and ``unity of the nature and human.``