이광수와 나쓰메 소세키의 문학교육론이 지닌 근대성 비교연구

권혁건(Kwon,Hyuk-Gun),이호규(Lee,Ho-Gyoo),김주현(Kim,Ju-Hyun) 동북아시아문화학회 2011 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.28

Soseki is representative novelist and theorists of Japanese modern literature, and Lee Gwangsoo (Lee) is known as person who opened doors to Korean modern literature. They are representing not only Korean and Japanese modern literature, but also Oriental modern literature. We focused on the early stages of their literary theories. As well, looked into their arguments based on their ideas of literary education in relation between literature and society. Although Soseki and Lee are both representatives of Korean and Japanese modern literature, we have found their literary theories to have contrasts, as well as undertoned ideal substance. Their findings show identical recognition in defining the workings of human mind as intellect, emotion and volition. Also, their thoughts on the realm of emotion is the characteristic of literature, and explained modern literature by drawing the concepts of rationality and truth. Soseki insisted literary art is not a simple skill; a literary artist could influence others due to their ideals that a literary artist is someone who has the biggest and highest ideals. Lee’s argument resembles Soseki’s argument. Lee contended literary art can be made simply with skill and endeavor. Only highly gifted artist can take charge of a growing self-regulating person who could lead society through literature. Soseki and Lee both, therefore, conclude the Occidental natural science (in other words, education that is logical and substantiate) is modern education, and upcoming Oriental new education need to take after. We found Soseki and Lee have contended education through literature that could produce self-regulating and liberal individuals based on the mentioned Occidental new education.

2.06mV/count의 해상도를 갖는 칩 내부 전원전압 잡음 측정회로

이호규,정상돈,김철우,Lee, Ho-Kyu,Jung, Sang-Don,Kim, Chul-Woo 한국전기전자학회 2009 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.13 No.4

This paper describes measurement of an on-ship power supply noise in mixed-signal integrated circuits. To measure the on-chip power supply noise, we can check the effects of analog circuits and compensate it. This circuit consists of two independent measurement channels, each consisting of a sample and hold circuit and a frequency to digital converter which has a buffer and voltage controlled oscillator(VCO). The time-based voltage information and frequency-based power spectrum density(PSD) can be achieved by a simple analog to digital conversion scheme. The buffer works like a unit-gain buffer with a wide bandwidth and VCO has a high gain to improve resolution. This circuit was fabricated in a 0.18um CMOS technology and has 2.06mV/count. The noise measurement circuit consumes 15mW and occupies $0.768mm^2$. 이 논문에서는 혼성 신호 집적회로 상의 온칩 전원전압 잡음을 측정하는 회로에 대해 기술하였다. 온칩 상의 전원전압 잡음을 측정함으로서 잡음이 아날로그 회로에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 이를 보상하는 정보로도 사용할 수 있다. 이 회로는 동일하지만 독립적인 두 개의 채널로 구성되어 있다. 각 채널은 샘플 앤 홀드와 전압 제어 발진기를 포함한 주파수-디지털 변환 블록으로 구성되어 있다. 간단한 아날로그-디지털 변환 방법을 사용해서 시간 기준 전압 정보와 주파수 기준 전력 스펙트럼 밀도를 얻을 수 있다. 버퍼는 넓은 대역폭을 갖는 유닛 게인 버퍼로 동작하고, 전압 제어 발진기는 해상도를 높이기 위한 높은 증폭도를 가지고 있다. 이 회로는 0.18um CMOS 공정으로 설계되었으며 측정된 해상도는 2.06mV/count 이다. 전원잡음 측정회로는 15mW의 전력을 소모하며 $0.768mm^2$의 면적을 차지한다.

1960년대 패러디 소설의 반영론적 성격 연구 : 이호철과 박태순의 단편소설을 중심으로

이호규(Lee Ho-Gyoo) 중앙어문학회 2009 語文論集 Vol.42 No.-

This study focused on one of the characteristics of parody novels - reflection on realties. That is, it investigated the opinions of writers who reflected and criticized their contemporary realities or social aspects ideologically through parody novels. The purpose of this study was to reveal such characteristics of parody novels in the 1960s based on the short stories written by Lee Ho-cheol and Park Tae-sun and analyze their reality-reflective attitudes and inclination. Reading and analyzing appropriately the parody novels of Lee Ho-cheol and Park Tae-sun who have been regarded as prominent writers of the literature based on progressive and socially critical realism in the 1960s would broaden their literary domain and properly evaluate the diversity that their novels possessed. Furthermore, it would be able to firmly establish the grounds for the reality-reflective characteristics of parody novels in the 1960s. 「Tal-sayukja Hoeui (A Meeting of Post-breeders)」published in 1966 was a work with a noticeably sharp satirical spirit through a fable and clearly revealed the spirit of criticizing realities by Lee Ho-cheol who concentrated more than anyone else on social efficiency of literature. In「Jakka-jimang (a Desire to Become a Writer)」written Park Tae-sun, Lee Gwang-su appeared as a speaker and the work dealt with the relationship between Lee Gwang-su and Choi Seo-hae in the 1930s and showed the self-examination of what literary recognition and practice one should have as an intellectual and novelist. The first volume out of Park Tae-sun's「Samdu-macha(A Three-horse Carriage)」 series was the novel that parodied Heosaeng-jeon. He clearly showed that not an intellectual like Heosaeng but the mass of the people such as Oechon-dong people had strong vitality and its spontaneous and resultant will to reform realities. Moreover, he believed that the writer as an intellectual should depict the lives of people in general vividly and inform others of them and practice the literature, in which the writer should stay with people while being on their side and make efforts to create a society living together with them. The parody novels by Park Tae-sun once again conspicuously demonstrated that he clearly recognized writer's consciousness and his calling as an intellectual and novelist in the given period and society.

이병주 초기 소설의 자유주의적 성격 연구 -작가의식과 작중 인물을 중심으로-

이호규 ( Ho Gyoo Lee ) 한국문학연구학회 2011 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.45

이병주 초기 소설은 1940년대 일제 말기 제국주의 전시 체제의 식민지 시기와 해방 정국 그리고 60년대 군부 독재 시기를 대상으로 자유주의 지 식인의 운명과 그 의미를 천착하고 있다. 식민지 일제 말기에 있어서 제국 주의 권력의 통치를 가능하게 하기 위해 조선인들의 삶을 포획하고 그에 특정한 형식을 부여했던 장치는 ``치안, 고쿠고(國語), 이름(창씨개명), 전쟁(징병 및 징용)이었다. 해방 정국은 극단적인 이분법적 선택을 강요하는 좌우익의 대립이 낳은 정치적 슬로건과 집회, 그리고 이데올로기의 강압 적 선택이었다. 5·16 군사 쿠데타 후 6,70년대는 반공 이데올로기와 천 민자본주의가 결탁되어 작동한다. 본 논문은 <소설 알렉산드리아>를 비롯하여 <마술사>, <예낭풍물지>, <변명> 등 1960년대에서 70년대 초기까지 이병주의 소설들을 대 상으로 하여 장치라는 개념을 사용하여 자유주의 지식인의 운명이 한국 현대사에서 어떻게 되었으며 그것의 의미는 무엇인지, 그들의 삶이 가지 는 과거와 현재의 의미는 무엇인지 살펴보고자 한다. 이병주에게 자유의 개념은 매우 중요하며 그의 글쓰기의 원천 및 주제 라고 할 수 있다. 그에게 자유는 곧 개인주의를 의미한다. 질곡의 역사를 지닌 한국 사회에서 자유주의적 개인주의자들이 어떤 희생을 겪으며 살 아왔는지에 대해 이병주는 다른 방법이 아닌 소설로써 드러내고자 했다 라는 사실은 그 역시 자유주의자이기 때문이다. 자신의 식민지와 전쟁 체 험을 바탕으로 한 구체적인 역사적 사건이라는 실제성 곧 리얼리티와 함께 그의 소설 전반에 나타나는 환상적 낭만성의 혼종은 닫힌 사회와 그 안 에서 사회적 개인으로서 역할과 의무를 다하면서 진정한 자유를 추구하는 개인주의자의 관념이 빚어내는 결과라고 할 수 있다. 그의 소설이 지닌 역사성 곧 실제성과 낭만적 관념의 개인은 충돌을 일으키는 것이 아니다. 지금 현재의 억압적 상황과 그러한 상황을 회피하지 않고 자유주의자로 서 한 개인의 삶이 오히려 보장되고 그러한 삶을 누릴 수 있는 사회를 꿈 꾸는 낭만적 자유주의자의 관념, 의지가 내포와 외연을 이룸으로써 한국 사회의 상황과 거대한 역사적 사건 속에서 희생당하고 억압당하며 소외 되어온 개인이 대비적으로 선명하게 부각되고 있다. Lee Byung-joo`s early novels inquired into the destiny and meaning of liberalistic intellectuals during the imperialistic war footing at the end of Japanese rule during the 1940s, the political situation after liberation, and the period of military dictatorship during the 1960s. At the end of Japanese colonial rule, some devices that captured the lives of the Joseon people and endowed specific forms matching their lives which enabled the rule of imperialistic power included ``public security, gokugo (國語), name (forced name change system), and war (draft and conscription). The political situation after liberation faced the forcible selection of the political slogan, rally, and ideology generated by the confrontation between the left wing and the right wing, which forced the extreme dichotomic selection. In the 1960s and 1970s after the 5.16 military coup, an anti-communistic ideology combined with pariah capitalism, and worked together. This paper aims at Lee Byung-joo`s novels throughout the 1960s to the early 1970s, such as <Magician>, <Yenang Pungmulji>, and <Excuse>beginning from <Novel Alexandria>, and to look into how the destiny of liberalistic intellectuals changed in modern Korean history, what its meaning was, and the past and present meaning of their lives using the concept, namely the device. To Lee Byung-joo, the concept of freedom is very important, and this may be the origin and subject of his writing. To him, freedom equals individualism. In Korean society, which has a history of ordeals, Lee Byung -joo tried to reveal what kind of sacrifice liberalistic individualists had experienced in a form no other than as a novel. This is because he was also liberalist. The hybridism of actuality that it is a concrete historical fact based on the author`s experience of colony and war, namely reality, and fantastic romance shown throughout his novels may be the result created by a closed society and by the notion of an individualist who pursues true freedom while being fully faithful to his/her role and duty as a social individual in that society. Historicity in his novel, that is, actuality, and an individual with a romantic notion do not conflict. The current suppressive situation and the notion and will of a romantic liberalist who dreams of a society in which the life of an individual is rather secured and that such a life may be enjoyed as a liberalist without avoiding such a situation forms connotation and denotation. In this way, there is highlighted the clear contrast between the situation in Korean society and an individual who has been sacrificed, suppressed, and isolated in huge historical incidents.

정보통신 규제 기구 운영의 제도적 장치에 대한 비교 연구: 독일, 영국, 프랑스를 중심으로

이호규 ( Ho Kyu Lee ) 한국지역언론학연합회 2006 언론과학연구 Vol.6 No.1

역사 제도주의자들에 의하면 규제 정책은 각 나라들의 문화의 전통을 반영한다고 한다. 따라서 한 나라에서의 성공이 다른 나라들이 유사한 문제를 해결하기 위한 모델이 될 수 없기 때문에 각 나라들의 규제 정책이 다양하게 나타날 수밖에 없다. 반면에 정책의 수렴을 주장하는 학자들은 지금과 같이 모든 나라들이 유기적인 관계를 맺고 있는 세계화 시대에는 이웃 나라 혹은 국가를 초월한 조직들의 강요로 인해 각 나라들의 정책이 수렴된다고 주장하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 규제 기구 설치가 독일, 영국, 그리고 프랑스 등을 분석대상으로 하여 정보통신 산업을 규제하기 위한 규제 기구 설치를 정책의 수렴 현상으로 이해할 수 있을 것인지 아니면 선정하여 각 나라들의 고유성을 반영하는 것인지를 알아보고자 하였다. Nowadays, we are witnessing the increasing pressure of establishing semi-independent regulatory agency, discarding the existing government-centered regulation approach. By introducing regulatory agency, we believe that there emerge efficient regulatory policy to harmonize between market efficiency and political equity. This kind of regulatory agency is getting more emphasized as time goes on. In the past Europe, most countries have adopted government-centered policy in the belief that telecommunications is sort of infrastructure. Therefore, governments have always played a great role in policy making. However, in Europe, the movement to change from governmentcentered to regulatory agency has gained momentum since the Britain established regulatory agency to control and coordinate telecommunications industry. Observing the trend of the emphasis of regulatory agency in several European countries, the author tries to understand what kind of factors are influencing in explaining and emphasizing the import of regulatory agency? How can we understand the changing policy paradigm in the Europe? In order to find the answers for the afore-mentioned research questions, this study employs the contrasting approaches in explaining policy making, such as historical institutionalism, path-dependent and convergent approaches. Historical institutionalism argues that the structures of decision making was highly influenced by historically constructed policy framework and differed greatly from one country to another. It argues that when reforms occur, they follow contrasting paths and achieve diverse outcomes greatly from one country to another. They posit mechanisms for the different institutional paths taken by nations, notably path dependency and critical juncture. However, nowadays, supranational coercion arise from authoritative international bodies, such as EUs. Pressure from other governments and foreign interests such as firms, offers another form of coercion. These actors can seek similar changes across nations. Cross-national policy learning can undermine the effects of national contexts on learning. Policy makers draw lessons from other countries and enjoy an alternative to national isomorphism. The result of cross-national emulation would bring in the policy convergence. To understand why some European countries introduced regulatory agency and to test the above contrasting approaches, this study looks at the historical contexts of Germany, France, and Britain. This study finds that either approach cannot fully explain the phenomena of increasing rate of adoption of regulatory agency in Europe. Rather, we need another middle way of diversity in convergence.

더블 샘플링 기법을 사용한 10bit 1MS/s 0.5㎽ 축차 비교형 아날로그-디지털 변환기

이호규(Hokyu Lee),김무영(Moo-Young Kim),김철우(Chulwoo Kim) 대한전기학회 2011 전기학회논문지 Vol.60 No.2

This paper introduces the 10b 1MS/s SAR ADC with double sampling technique to reduce the power consumption. The SAR ADC is implemented in CMOS 1P8M 65nm technology and occupies 0.11um2. The maximum sampling rate is 1MS/s. The simulated SNDR and SFDR are 55.6㏈ and 62.7㏈ at 484㎑ input frequency, respectively. The implemented data converter consumes 507㎼ with 1.2-V supply.

북한 커뮤니케이션 네트워크 구조와 정보 이용 행태에 관한 연구: 북한의 비공식 커뮤니케이션 네트워크와 정보 이용의 사사화(私事化)

이호규 ( Ho Kyu Lee ),곽정래 ( Jeong Rae Kwak ) 한국지역언론학회 2013 언론과학연구 Vol.13 No.4

이 연구는 북한사회 내 새로운 커뮤니케이션 네트워크 구조와 정보 이용 양태를 규명하기 위해 북한의 대내외 커뮤니케이션 환경과 조건을 탐색하고, 나아가 새로운 커뮤니케이션 네트워크의 작동 메커니즘과 이를 통한 다양한 행위자의 정보 이용 양태를 살펴보고자 했다. 연구결과 북한의 커뮤니케이션 구조는 단일한 형태의 커뮤니케이션 네트워크 구조에서 비공식 커뮤니케이션 네트워크의 새로운 등장으로 복합적 형태의 커뮤니케이션 네트워크 구조를 갖는 사회적 커뮤니케이션 체계로 진행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 비공식 커뮤니케이션 네트워크 모형은 단(單)허브 형태인 공식 커뮤니케이션 네트워크로서 선전선동 커뮤니케이션 네트워크와 다르게 네트워크 민주모델인 다(多)허브형 네트워크와 탈(脫)허브형 네트워크의 중간 형태를 띠고 있는 에이전시 커뮤니케이션 네트워크(Agency Communication Network-ACN)의 구조를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 민주모형에 가까운 수평적 구조의 비공식 커뮤니케이션 네트워크에서 다양한 노드로 연결된 행위자들의 정보 이용 사사화(privatization)는 북한사회 내 개개인의 커뮤니케이션 연결망의 비공식적 확장과 북한주민의 사회적 커뮤니케이션 세계에의 참여양식의 질적 변동을 가져왔으며, 북한사회의 하위노드 사이를 매개(agency)하는 지역간·부문간·영역간 커뮤니케이션 네트워크를 촉진하는 결과로 나타났다. This study tries to investigate the newly emerging both the structure of communication network and the pattern of information usage in North Korea. For the above research question, this paper has studied the environmental factors of communications surrounding North Korea. Additionally, this research aims to delve into the mechanismof new communication structure with the analyses of the pattern of information usage of actors. It is found that North Koreans enjoy the multi-network structure, which means that the influences of hierarchical mono-hub network used to be found before ArduousMarch are not working well. The multi-network structure is characterized by the Agency Communication Network(ACN) which is the middle formof multi-hub network and post-hub network of horizontal network. Due to the ACN, the people of North Korea can access diverse information from outside countries. Furthermore, they can communicate as free as they want within the structure of ACN. However, there has emerged severe vigilance from the government to block the free flow of information with the ACN. Even though the monitoring of communication among people by government, the people of North Korea enjoy the privatization of information flow in the ACN, which enables themto exchange diverse types of information with other peoples. It is concluded that the society of North Korea has been moving fromtop-down command society to the quasi-horizontal communication society crossing over regions and sectors.

한무숙 소설의 멜로드라마적 성격 연구 - 〈석류나무집 이야기〉의 사랑의 형태와 의미를 중심으로 : 한무숙 소설의 멜로드라마적 성격 연구

이호규(Lee Ho-Gyoo) 한국문학회 2006 韓國文學論叢 Vol.44 No.-

This paper is to examine how the type, relationship, or meaning of love is described in A Story of Pomegranate Tree House in what kind of plot in order to show popularity and melodramatic characteristics of this novel, and investigate how the love among post-war younger generation is different from the previous age and what the author attempts to tell through love among post-war younger generation. The pomegranate tree house containing contrasting images such as elegance and stylishness and haunted house is a spatial background of this novel and a means of summarizing the destiny of characters vividly and intensively. Young people in this novel are all good. However, the novel follows popular matching plot in which everything is natural and smooth and even beautiful as it is, when good people meet their own Mr. or Miss Right. New history of love begins when tragic history of love and hatred of the previous generation is put to an end by younger generation. In this sense, the union of Young-ho and Sun-young follows the suit of the structure of main charactersin existing popular narratives. We can find a heroic aspect in Young-ho who has a new type of ownerconsciousness with willingness for a new life in the end, embracing pains of the previous generation and even the agonies of his generation. This novel is filled with delicate psychological descriptions of healthy love or romance of the younger generation in the 1960"s. This theme is clearly shown by popular plot, crossing or identification of space and destiny, and relative romance and matching of a good man and woman, that is, contingency in encounter and destiny of main characters having both ability and beauty, as well as happy-ending after overcoming hardships caused by tragic history in the previous generation.

일반논문 : 집단적 광기에 녹아내린 반항 - 이제하 < 초식 > 론 -

이호규(Ho Kyu Lee) 우리어문학회 2001 우리어문연구 Vol.17 No.-

다이쇼 데모크라시와 한ㆍ일 근대 작가의 개인주의적 주체 비교연구

이호규(Lee, Ho-Gyoo),권혁건(Kwon, Hyuk-Gun) 한국문학회 2010 韓國文學論叢 Vol.54 No.-

염상섭(廉想涉, 1897∼1963)과 아쿠타가와 류노스케(芥川竜之介, 1892 ∼1927)는 근대 한국과 일본을 대표하는 작가이다. 염상섭은 1912년부터 1920년까지 8년간 일본에서 유학하면서 일본을 통해 서양의 근대를 받아들였다. 이는 곧 그의 문학 속에 그대로 투영되어 나타났다. 일본이라는 같은 공간, 다이쇼 시대라는 같은 시간 속에 있었던 염상섭과 아쿠타 가와가 당대를 어떻게 인식하고 받아들였는지를 근대적 개인의 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 아쿠타가와는 동양에서 근대화를 성공적으로 이룬 제국주의적 일본에서 근대적 개인이 겪을 수밖에 하나의 전형을 보여준다. 그는 철저한 개인주의자였다. 그런 반면 그는 ‘사회적 범절을 조소하면서도 그와 갈등을 일으키지 않는 것은 지혜’라고 보기도 했다. 그런 딜레마와 갈등 속에서 그는 다이쇼 데모크라시 시대 젊은 세대들이 보였던 순응주의 혹은 기회주의적인 세속성에 대해서 아이러니하게도 냉소적 태도를 취하게 되는데, 그것이 아쿠타가와라는 일본의 근대적 개인이 보이는 독특함이 자 보편성이기도 하다. 반면 일본에서 유학생활을 하면서 새로운 변화를 감각적으로, 그리고 인식적으로 받아들였던 식민지 지식인 염상섭은 그러한 조건 속에서 한국문학사에서 개인의 문제, 다이쇼 데모크라시 시대의 용어이자 염상섭 본인의 논문을 빌면 ‘개성’의 문제를 진지하게 드러냈다. 그 역시 아쿠타가와처럼 봉건성과 집단성 속에서 근대적 개인이 겪는 불화와 심각한 정신적 공황상태를 솔직하게 그려내는데, 그는 아쿠타가와와는 다른 행로를 보여준다. 그것은 아쿠타가와가 갖고 있었던 냉소를 갖지 못했고, 아쿠타가와가 갖지 못했던 부끄러움을 지니고 있었다. 식민모국 일본의 근대적 개인과 식민지 백성으로서 근대적 지식인이었던 조선 유학생과의 본질적인 차이였던 것이다. Yeom Sang-sup(廉想涉, 1897∼1963) and Akutagawa Ryunosuke(芥川竜之介, 1892∼1927) are representative Korean and Japanese writers. Yeom Sang-sup received the western modernity through Japan as he studied there for eight years between 1912 and 1920. This is shown in his literature. This study aims to look into how Yeom Sang-sup and Akutagawa Ryunosuke who were in the same place, Japan and the same time, the period of Taisho recognized their time from the modern individual perspective. Akutagawa Ryunosuke seems to show a model that a modern individual could not but experience in imperialistic Japan where the Orient made a success of modernization. He was a thorough individualist, and he ridiculed social manners while he considered not making trouble with it as wisdom. In the conflicts with such a dilemma, he was ironically cynical about conformism or opportunistic carnality young generations showed in the period of Taisho Democracy, which is uniqueness and university of Japanese modern individual like Akutagawa Ryunosuke. On the other hand, a colonial intellectual Yeom Sang-sup who accepted a new change sensuously and cognitively while studying in Japan shows the personal problem of Korean literature history, a term of Taisho Democracy period, or the problem of ‘individuality’ in his thesis. He also honestly expresses discord and serious mental panic a modern individual experiences in feudalism and collectivity, but he shows different way from Akutagawa Ryunosuke. He didn’t have Akutagawa Ryunosuke’s sarcasm and has shyness Akutagawa Ryunosuke didn’t have. That was original difference between the colonial country Japanese modern individual and Joseon student who was a modern intellectual as the colonial people.