해외사례 분석을 통한 전환기 농업 R&D 혁신 방향

이주량(Joo-Ryang Lee),추수진(Soo-Jin Choo) 한국원예학회 2016 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2016 No.10

농업과학기술 혁신체계의 진화와 선택

이주량(Joo Ryang Lee),박동배,임영훈,추수진,박은진,이찬송,권규상,김병목,양한주 과학기술정책연구원 2016 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

From the Second World War, the Netherlands has completely reorganized its agricultural structure from being led by small holder farmers to elite farmers. With the increased purchasing power and enhanced innovation capacity of the farmers, privatization of agricultural extension services and the agricultural research activities was promoted. The elite farmers, extension and research institutes have established the EER (Education-Extension-Research) triptych, which can be characterized as farm-oriented, export-centered and farmer-led. The order of agricultural restructuring and privatization of the extension services and research institutes is noteworthy. The transformation of the farmers capacity and competitiveness preceded the privatization and contributed to its success. In the past century, Japan has frequently restructured agricultural STI system based on the agricultural changes and its governance. What stands out is the attempt to privatize NARO(National Agriculture and Food Research Organization) in the early 2000s. Unlike the case of the Netherlands, Japan experienced more adverse effects than merits from privatization eventually reversing NARO’s status as a public institute in 2014. This may be due to the fact that the privatization of research institute took precedence over the farmers being prepared in terms of competitiveness, purchasing power, and innovation capacity. Such untimely policy decision exposed a myriad of unforeseen limitations. Nevertheless, it was not a complete return to its shape and forms prior to 2000 but a limited reversal based on re-recognition of publicness of agriculture and NARO’s identity as a public entity. Due to the stark differences, it is difficult to directly compare the agricultural structure of the US and that of the Netherlands, Japan and Korea to draw implications. Yet, in the past century, the US also has had frequent transformations of agricultural STI system and the transformation is an on-going process. The changes to note include that after 2010s, a greater focus has been placed on promoting and strengthening the agricultural technology commercialization. Additionally, the opinions of the agricultural experts are reflected in the decision making process of agriculture-related budget allocation. Moreover, there is a growing recognition of public value of agriculture. Agriculture varies widely around the world. Even within the same country, agriculture varies depending on time. In other words, the current shape and form of another country’s agriculture cannot provide the way forward for Korean agriculture. The lessons should be derived from the past experiences of other countries and the agricultural philosophy that lie behind the policy decisions and their results.

전자시장 판매자의 흡수역량과 정보시스템 사용형태가 판매자 성과에 미치는 영향

이주량 ( Joo Ryang Lee ) ㈜엘지씨엔에스 2007 Entrue Journal of Information Technology Vol.6 No.1

전자시장 개설자는 판매자에게 거래정보의 전달뿐 아니라, 시장지식(정보)을 전달할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 시장지식(정보)이 판매자에 의하여 제대로 활용되고 있는가와 판매자의 성과를 향상 시킬수 있는가에 대한 선행연구가 부족하다. 이에 본 연구는 흡수역량이론과 정보시스템 활용의도의 관점에서 데이터를 통한 실증적연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과 판매자의 흡수역량과 탐색적 정보시스템 활용은 거래의 효율성을 신장시킬 뿐 아니라, 판매자의 시장지식 창출을 가능케 하며, 궁극적으로는 판매자의 성과를 차별화 할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 기반하여, 전자시장의 판매자에게는 흡수역량의 배양과 탐색적 정보시스템 활용을 통하여 시장지식을 창출함으로써 성과향상 및 다른 판매자와 차별화할 것을 권고하며, 시장개설자에게는 유용한 시장지식을 생성하고 판매자에게 제공하여 전자시장 전체의 성과를 향상 시킬 것을 제안한다. Intermediaries are presenting not only transactional information that orchestrates electronic transaction, but also market related information and knowledge that are useful for sellers to understand market status. However, we do not have strong evidence whether the market related information and knowledge are properly utilized by sellers and whether they have actual influences on sellers` performance. According to research results, absorptive capacity and the pattern of information system utilization are statistically significant to sellers` performance mediated by operational efficiency and market knowledge creation. Especially, explorative information system utilization and realized absorptive capacity have stronger influences on sellers` performance mediated by market knowledge creation. With this research result, I maintain that sellers are required to absorb and utilize market related information and knowledge more actively through explorative information system utilization to achieve better performance in e-marketplace. On the other hands, intermediaries are recommended to push abundant and valuable market related information and knowledge with their sellers to build up better e-marketplaces.

스마트농업 현장 착근을 위한 기술정책 제고방안

이주량(Joo Ryang Lee),추수진,임영훈,박동배,심성철,김가은 과학기술정책연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

There is a growing demand worldwide for innovation in the agricultural and agricultural R&D sector, which is due to global macro changes. Global macroeconomic changes include the weakening of agricultural competitiveness in agriculture, the fusion of high technology in agricultural technology, and changes in agricultural technology diffusion system. Uncertainty in agriculture is increasing in the course of changes in global macroeconomic trends, and the structural limitations of agriculture are gradually being revealed. At this time, it is necessary to establish the correct direction and point of smart farming as a technical breakthrough for future Korean agriculture. Smart agriculture can be a means of ‘conversion’ and ‘recovery’ as one of the important ways to resolve the crisis of Korean agriculture. In the smart agriculture era, sustainability will be restored by converting agricultural production factors into facilities, equipment, data and sensors. Also, agricultural production system will be transformed into ICT fusion technology, and agricultural competitiveness will be revitalized mainly by youth agriculture. In recent 10 years, smart agriculture-related technologies have been developed and diffused by various R&D programs and also extension programs. ‘The Korean SmartFarm Models’ based on smart farm core technologies and precise animal/plant management technologies have been developed and distributed to farmers and a 3rd generation model is being developed. However, some limitations are shown in the following aspects. In terms of policy subjects, the scope of smart agricultural policy is very limited. In terms of policy tools, the TOT model method, which is a top-down extension system in the past, is borrowed. Finally, in terms of policy collaboration, the inter-ministry R&D cooperation system is not operating properly. To overcome these limitations and settle smart agriculture quickly and correctly, policy plans should be prepared in the following aspects. The scope of smart agriculture policy should be reset by expanding subject of crops and region of the target crop. The policy tools of smart agriculture should also be rearranged such as utilization of professional consultants and the construction of smart agriculture complex. It is necessary to improve the policy cooperation to induce the cooperation between the local government and the enterprise and strengthen the cooperation of the ministry. Korea is in the early stages of smart agriculture, which has been under the government-led initiative for the development and diffusion of smart agricultural technology in less than 10 years. It’s time to rethink the concept of smart agriculture in the mid- to long-term perspective, predicting future Korean agriculture. A smart stepping stone should be created to develop and systematize the existing smart farming achievements. It is necessary that the systematic and careful planning and full support of the government should be continued until the smart agricultural ecosystem is activated and the farmers participating in smart agriculture are stabilized. Rather than concentrate on visible results that can be derived in the short term, efforts and willingness to develop carefully one step at a time are required for the technologies required in the agricultural field.

바이오경제시대 과학기술정책의제 연구사업(7차년도)

이주량(Joo Ryang Lee),박동배,박환일,임영훈,신은정,추수진,최지영,주원 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

It is export agriculture that is newly emphasized as a strategy to overcome various crisis situations of korean agriculture. As the quantitative production of korean agriculture becomes saturated and the domestic market is gradually shrinking, exploiting overseas markets as a new way of agriculture can be a reasonable and attractive means. In particular, if agriculture is transformed into the character of advanced trade rather than social assistance, emphasizing the industrial value of agriculture, the scope of agriculture is no longer limited to agri-culture but extends to agri-business. As the scope of agriculture expanded, the nature of agriculture also changed. Past agriculture has been an indigenous agriculture for increasing agricultural production, such as the Green Revolution and the White Revolution. The agri-culture itself for primary production of agricultural crops was economically viable. However, as the national economy expanded and the industrial structure advanced, the agricultural self-sufficiency was relatively weakened. From this point of time, agriculture is characterized by social assistance farming that requires social welfare and subsidy policies. The scope of agriculture begins to expand in earnest once social assistance agriculture is established. It is developed from the agriculture for the primary production in the past to the social investment agriculture and the advanced trading agriculture. While social investment agriculture emphasizes the value of agricultural pluralism, rural social innovation and food security, advanced trading agriculture promotes development into agri-industry export by emphasizing the industrial function of agriculture. Indigenous agriculture, social assistance agriculture, social investment agriculture and advanced trading agriculture have progressive and concurrent characteristics according to the development stages of agriculture. This is why agriculture at any stage should not be undervalued or politically neglected. This is because no agriculture exists as a discrete entity. However, the priorities of policies may change according to the development stage of agriculture, and the attitudes of farmers, agricultural researchers, government, and citizens to agriculture should also be changed. In particular, government should prepare effective policy instruments for policy needs in the agricultural sector in line with changes in the macroeconomic flows of agriculture. Recently, the ministries related to agri-food industries are preparing various policies aiming at the implementation of advanced trading agriculture through the expansion of export agriculture. However, most of the various government policies to expand agricultural exports are mainly to support the export of agricultural products, which are the main primary products of agriculture. Out-side policy projects that support the actual contact and transaction between importers and exporters are relatively less important. What areas can be approached to expand and promote agricultural exports in terms of science and technology? There is a way to directly export the outcomes such as new varieties(seeds), soil improvement technology(fertilizer, watering material), pest control technology(pesticide), smart agricultural technology(farm machinery) developed through agricultural R&D. It is also possible to consider the use of R&D as a means of supporting the export of agricultural inputs and products. The establishment of the overseas test bed business, the strengthening of the function of the specialized research laboratories and the transition of the overseas agricultural development project proposed in this study can be a new approach to the policy gap that the existing export related policy does not consider.

과학기술인력 보상 만족도 결정요인 탐색과 근속에 대한 영향 분석

정경자 ( Kyoung Ja Jeong ),이주량 ( Joo Ryang Lee ),이영민 ( Young Min Lee ) 기술경영경제학회 2010 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.18 No.2

보상만족도는 직무성과, 직무몰입, 그리고 근속 등과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 과학기술인력의 보상만족도도 이와 유사하며, 많은 선행 연구들은 현재의 과학기술 경쟁력 저하 및 인력 수급의 애로와 관련된 많은 문제에 대해 과학기술인력에 대한 왜곡된 보상체계를 근본적인 원인으로 꼽고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 산학연 연구기관에 현재 근무하고 있는 과학기술분야 연구 인력을 대상으로 과학기술인력들이 인지하는 보상만족도의 결정요인과 이들의 영향 정도에 대하여 실증적으로 연구하였다. 또한 이러한 보상만족도가 실제로 근속과 어떠한 영향 관계를 미치는지에 대해서도 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 과학기술인력의 보상만족도는 직무성취도, 경제적 보상, 사회적 보상의 순서로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 인프라를 포함한 연구 환경은 보상만족도에 유의미한 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 다시 말해 과학기술인력들은 생활인적 속성을 가지고 있는 동시에, 고도화된 지식전문인으로서 지적호기심과 지적탐구욕의 충족과 같은 비경제적 보상에 민감한 지식인적 속성을 함께 가지고 있었다. 따라서 과학기술인력 보상체계 개선을 위해서는 첫째, 연구자율성 확대와 연구결과에 입각한 평가 등을 보완하여 직무성취도 향상을 도모해야 할 것이고 둘째, 상대적 열위에 있는 과학기술인력의 경제적 보상을 확대하여야 할 것이며 셋째, 인력유동성과 직업안정성 향상 및 사회적 지위 개선과 같은 사회적 보상을 확대하여야 할 것이다. It is well known that compensation satisfaction of employees is closely related to work attitude, job commitment, and employees` intentions to stay on the job. These known facts can also be applied to the professionals engaged in science & technology as well. Many studies have concluded that the Korea`s losing competitiveness in the area of science & technology was mainly attributed to the distorted compensation system. In this vein, this paper identifies the potential determinants that affect the compensation satisfaction of S&T professionals, and to empirically examines the determinants influences on job commitment and intention to stay. This was done by acquiring data from S&T professionals currently being employed in firms, universities, and institutions. Consequently, for professionals engaged in science & technology, the compensation satisfaction was demonstrated to be largely influenced by job accomplishment, monetary compensation, and social compensation in order. In conclusion, to improve compensation system for S&T professionals, firstly, it is recommended to enhance job accomplishment by endowing more discretionary authority to conduct research. Secondly, the relatively lower-valued labor forces in S&T area will necessitate more economic support and compensation. Finally, the social compensation should be strengthened by not only ameliorating social status, but also improving labor liquidity and job security.

혁신창업 및 기업가정신 생태계 모니터링 사업

이윤준(Yoon-Jun Lee),이주량(Joo Ryang Lee),임채윤,김선우,김영환,정미애,김지은,허지수 과학기술정책연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

After the global financial crisis, major countries started to implement diverse policies in 2011, such as Startup America(USA), Startup Britain(UK) and Entrepreneurship 2020(EU), for overcoming economic depression. Recently the policy basis of startup vitalization has changed because of the necessity of quality jobs and sustainable growth. It is to achieve innovation-based growth beyond establishing new firms : the so called scaleup paradigm, appeared in 2014, like Scaleup UK(UK), Scaleup America(USA) and Scaleup Manifesto(EU). The scaleup approach heightens the effects of high-growth firms on new job creation; thus, the Korean government emphasizes the startup establishment and innovation-based growth that is led by small and medium-sized firms and ventures. Nevertheless, the problem is that the number of high-growth firms is on the decrease. Compared to the statistics in the early 2010s, that of high-growth firms shows a steep decline; especially in the manufacturing area. While, the proportion of firms, in all industries, grown by more than 20% decreased from 2.7% in 2012 to 2.0% in 2017; that in the manufacturing presented a bigger decline form 3.4% in 2015 to 1.9% in 2017. Moreover, considering the phenomenon where unicorn firms such as Uber – coined neologism like Uber syndrome and Uberization – emerges one in every three days, the declining tendency of high-growth firms may be perceived as a distinct problem. Unicorn firm refers to unlisted startup that is worth more than 1 billion dollars, and according to CB Insights - a market investigation enterprise – unicorn firms account for 346 including 8 in Korea through the world as of May 8 in 2019. The explosive growth of unicorn firms has the same way of the occurrence of 4th industrial revolution technologies and sharing economy. Therefore, for keeping up with the era of 4th industrial revolution and sharing economy, it is necessary to turn the policy way from startup buried approaches to startup and scaleup mixed ones; and this study deals with the mixed way. In more detail, it carries out case studies including startups grown by scaleup, in-house ventures and lab ventures for analysing growth characteristics and drawing growth paths or models for the success. This study benchmarks the features of unicorn firms and related leading countries, and, eventually, it suggests scaleup policy directions helping to grow up startups by extension becoming unicorn firms As of May 8 in 2019, the analysis results 346 unicorn firms, Korean startups and scaleup environment are as follows. First of all, Korean startups rarely have business models that are expected to enter the global market and are mostly categorized as single-person startups; while unicorn firms aim for a bigger share of global market based on new business models and, thus, the firms tend to be cocreated by diverse experienced people. Next, Korean startups suffer from several types of regulations and deficient investment for growth acceleration; however, unicorn firms attract continuous investment in every growth stage and rapidly grow. Lastly, some of Korean startups, as well as unicorn firms based on the sharing economy platforms, are unable to make an ample profit. In order to get over the above limitations, break from the convention that sticks to the number of unicorn firms; instead, it is essential to construct a sound scaleup environment where gazelle firms, which are a type of high-growth startup, are able to enjoy innovative challenges and risks. On top of its base, it is likely that ‘real’ unicorns would be born. To this end, key policy measures are suggested : ’global startup packaged support’, ‘public pre-accelerating and private post-accelerating system construction’, ‘business model research center establishment’, ‘conversion to negative regulation’ and ‘vitalization of corporate venture capital’. ‘connected support among technology innovation, process innovation and investmen

인공지능 기술 활용 강국을 향한 과학기술정책 제고 전략

오승환(Seunghwan Oh),이주량(Joo Ryang Lee),최병삼,임영훈,윤정현,추수진,김수은,김단비,김가은,양희태,이제영 과학기술정책연구원 2020 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

원예특작분야 품종육성 연구개발의 비용편익 및 파급효과 분석

주원 ( Won Ju ),박정관 ( Jeong Gwan Park ),이주량 ( Joo Ryang Lee ) 한국생산성학회 2013 生産性論集 Vol.27 No.3

horticulture, breeding R&D, cost-benefit and spillover

사회·기술시스템 전환전략 연구사업(5차년도)

송위진(Wichin Song),성지은(Jieun Seong),정미애(Miae Jung),김수은(Sueun Kim),이주량(Joo Ryang Lee),박희제(Heejae Park),정병걸(Byung Kul Jung),한재각(Jaegak Han),이정필(Jungpill Lee),하바라(Bara Ha),한규영(Kyu-young Han) 과학기술정책연구원 2019 정책자료 Vol.- No.-