A Comparative Performance Study of Speech Coders for Three-Way Conferencing in Digital Mobile Communication Networks

이미숙,이윤근,김기철,이황수,조위덕,Lee, Mi-Suk,Lee, Yun-Geun,Kim, Gi-Cheol,Lee, Hwang-Su,Jo, Wi-Deok The Acoustical Society of Korea 1995 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.14 No.e1

In this paper, we evaluated the performance of vocoders for three-way conferencing using signal summation technique in digital mobile communication network. The signal summation technique yields natural mode of three-way conferencing, in shich the mixed voice signal from two speakers are transmitted to a third person, though there has been no useful speech coding technique for the mixed voice signal yet. We established Qualcomm code term prediction (RPE-LTP) vocoders to provide three-way conferencing using signal summation techinique. In addition, as the conventional speech quality measures are not applicable to the vocoders for mixed voice signals, we proposed two kinds of subjective quality measures. These are the sentence discrimination (SD) test and the modified degraded mean opinion score (MDMOS) test. The experimental results show that the output speech quality of the VSELP vocoder is superior to other two. 본 논문에서는 이동통신망에서 신호 가산방식을 이용한 삼자회의에서의 음성 부호화기 성능을 평가하였다. 두 사람의 섞인 목소리가 다른 회의 참가자에게 전달되는 신호 가산방식은 가장 자연스러운 삼자회의 방식이지만, 아직까지 두 사람의 섞인 목소리를 부호화할 수 있는 유용한 방법은 없다. 본 논문에서는 삼자회의에 신호 가산방식을 적용하기 위해 QCELP, VSELP, RPE-LTP 보코도를 구현하여 평가를 수행하였다. 또한 두 화자의 목소리가 섞인 음성신호에 대한 부호화기의 성능평가를 위해 기존의 음질 평가법을 그대로 사용할 수 없으므로, 본 논문에서는 두 가지 주관적 평가법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 문장 식별법(SD)과 수정된 DMOS(MDOMS) 방법이다. 실험결과에 의하면 VSELP 보코더의 출력음질이 다른 두 보코더에 비해 좋게 나타났다.

일본 고대문학과 개인의 발견 ―‘나’(我)의 탐구에서 ‘타인’(人)에 대한 이해로―

이미숙 ( Lee¸ Mi-su ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2020 民族文化硏究 Vol.89 No.-

본고에서는 일본 헤이안 시대의 일기문학과 모노가타리에 나타난 ‘나’에 주목하여, 한 개인이 ‘나’에 대한 탐구에서 ‘나’를 표현해나가는 방법으로 글쓰기를 시도하거나 또는 자기인식을 심화시켜 타인으로 인식의 폭을 넓혀가는 양상을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 10세기, 11세기 동양 고중세에 싹트고 있던 개인의 발견과 개인주의의 맹아의 양상을 조망해보고자 한다. 일본 고전문학텍스트 속에 나타난 개인의 발견과 글쓰기, 그리고 자신의 내면 풍경을 직시하며 자신만의 울타리를 넘어 타인에 대한 이해로 사고로 확장시켜나가고 자신과 타인의 관계성을 재인식하며 조망하는 등장인물들의 형상화에 주목함으로써, 전근대 일본에 있어서의 개인의 발견, 개인주의의 형성과정에 대해 생각해볼 수 있을 것이다. 한 개인이 소속된 집단 내에서 자기 자신의 위치를 재인식하여 자기 존재성을 주장하며, 상대와의 관계를 재조명하며 타인으로 이해의 폭을 확장시켜 나가는 모습은‘동양 나름의 개인의 발견’이라 할 수 있다. 그 근거로 들 수 있는 것이 일본 헤이안시대의 일기문학이나 모노가타리(物語)에 나타난 ‘나’라는 표현과 ‘나’(我)와 ‘타인’(人)을 대비하여 표현하고 있는 ‘나도 타인도’(我も人も)라는 표현이라고 할 수 있다. This paper focuses on ‘I’ in diary literature and monogatari literature during the Heian period in Japan. We will consider how one individual tries to write as a way to express ‘I’ from the quest for ‘I’, or deepens self-awareness and broadens the range of recognition for others. Through this, we will look at the discovery of individuals and the emergence of individualism that sprouted in the Middle Ages of the East in the 10th and 11th centuries. In order to think about the discovery of individuals in pre-modern Japan and the process of formation of individualism, we focus on the discovery and writing of individuals in Japanese classical literary texts. In addition, while looking directly at one’s inner landscape and expanding one’s thoughts beyond one’s own frame to understanding others, pay attention to the figuration of characters who re-recognize the relationship between oneself and others. Recognizing one’s position in the group to which one individual belongs, asserting one’s existence, and relighting the relationship with the other person to broaden the range of understanding to others is an oriental individual discovery. The basis for this is the expression of ‘I’ in diary literature or monogatari in Japan’s Heian period, and ‘I’(我) and ‘other person’(人) in contrast to the expression of ‘I and others’(我も人も) can be said.

AHP를 활용한 기술이전 측정항목 중요도에 관한 연구

이미숙(Lee, Mi-Sook),이태환(Lee, Tae-Hwan),김진수(Kim, Jin-Su) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.8

최근 국공립연구소 및 국립대학에서 기업으로 기술이 이전되는 현상이 점차 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 기업 입장에서 기술이전의 주요 평가지표를 파악하고 이 평가지표의 중요도를 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)를 이용하 여 파악하고자 한다. 먼저, 선행연구와 전문가 면접을 통해 기술이전과 관련된 12개의 주요 항목이 추출되었으며, 요 인분석을 통해 이들 12개 항목들을 기술요인, 조직요인, 환경요인, 전략요인의 4요인으로 분류하였다. AHP 분석결과, 전략요인이 가장 중요한 요인으로, 그 하위항목인 ‘기술분야의 성장성’이 가장 중요한 항목으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 국공립연구소 및 국립대학의 연구자들이 다른 기업으로의 기술이전을 고려한 기술개발을 모색 시, 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다. A technology transfer from public research centers or national universities to a company is an increasing phenomenon. The purpose of this study is thus to identify the major evaluation criteria of technology transfer from a company viewpoint and establish the importance weights of criteria through 2 level AHP analysis. First, 12 critical elements are extracted from previous studies and professional interview and these elements are tied into 4 factors; technological factor, organizational factor, environmental factor, and strategic factor. The results of AHP analysis show that strategic factor is more important and 'the growth of the technology' in the strategic factor is the most important element. This study will be used usefully when researchers in public research centers or national universities try to develop a technology considering a technology transfer to the other company.

디지털 융합 제품의 확산 연구 : 카메라폰 시장을 중심으로 The Case of the Korean Camera Phone market

이미숙 ( Mi Suk Lee ),김태유 ( Tae Yoo Kim ),이종수 ( Jong Su Lee ) 한국산업경제학회 2007 산업경제연구 Vol.20 No.1

Dried Whey와 Chitin의 添加가 Broiler Chick의 成長에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究

이미숙(Mee-Sook Lee),모수미(Su-Mi Mo) 한국식품영양과학회 1985 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

whey는 높은 lactose 함량 때문에 消化ㆍ吸收가 좋지 못하여 營養學的으로 중요한 食品資源임에도 불구하고 많은 양이 이용되지 못하고 버려지고 있다. 따라서 chitin powder를 添加하여 whey의 消化ㆍ吸收를 促進시킬 수 있는지 알아 보기 위한 基礎資料로서 broiler chick을 대상으로 飼料에 dried whey와 chitin을 添加하여 4주간 飼育試驗한 結果는 다음과 같다.<br/> 1. 본 실험에서 동량의 에너지와 단백질 수준일 때 broiler chick의 成長에 나쁜 영향을 미치지 않는 dried whey의 添加水準의 한계는 15%였다.<br/> 2. 사료에 20% dried whey를 첨가하는 것은 만성 설사와 발가락이 바깥쪽으로 휘어지는 증세 및 맹장의 膨脹 등 좋지 않은 결과를 야기시켰다. 특히 대조식이를 20% dried whey로 대체시킨 실험군은 타 실험군과 비교하여 成長率이 低下되었는데 이것은 成長에 필요한 에너지와 단백질 함량의 부족과 아울러 다량의 whey에 의한 설사의 영향일 것으로 생각된다.<br/> 3. 사료효율(FER)과 단백질 효율(PER)에 있어서 dried whey 첨가군이 대조식이군과 비교하여 비슷하거나 높은 경향을 보였다.<br/> 4. Serum cholesterol 함량은 사료내 whey의 함량에 따라 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다.<br/> 5. 20% dried whey 함유 사료에 2% chitin을 첨가한 군은 chitin을 첨가하지 않은 20% whey군보다 4주에 成長率 및 단백질효율이 높아지나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않다. 2% chitin 함유군은 대조식이군과의 비교에서 유의한 차는 나타내지 않았으나 成長率에 있어서 약간 높은 경향을 보였으므로 chitin의 添加가 whey의 利用率을 높여주어 broiler의 成長을 促進시키지 않았나 思料된다. Two experiments, utilizing 204 broiler chicks of the Maniker strain, were conducted to study the effects of dried whey and chitin on the growth of chicks. In the first experiment, diets containing 5%, 10%, or 15% dried whey, or a control diet with no whey, were fed to chicks from 1 day to 4 weeks of age. There were no significant differences among the dietary groups, with respect to the rate of growth or protein or feed efficiency. In the second experiment, chicks were fed with diets containing no whey, 2% chitin, 20% dried whey, or 20% dried whey plus 2% chitin, from 1 day to 4 weeks of age. Adverse effects (diarrhea, crooked toes and enlarged cecum) were observed in the group fed 20% dried whey. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiciency ratio (FER) tended to improve in the dietary groups with dried whey, as compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in the total carcass nitrogen and lipid levels of dietary groups. But the chitin-supplemented diets tended to improve on the growth rate compared to the groups without chitin. The results of the two experiments suggest that the growing broiler chick can tolerate up to 15% dried whey in the diet, without any harmful effect on growth. Also, chitin may improve the poorer growth rate of chicks fed dried whey, but not all of the adverse effects of whey.

5種의 海産 甲殼類殼皮에서의 Chitin 및 蛋白質含量에 관한 硏究

이미숙(Mee-Sook Lee),서정숙(Jung-Sook Seo),모수미(Su-Mi Mo) 한국식품영양과학회 1984 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.13 No.3

바다의 無脊椎動物 中 甲殼類에 속하는 꽃게(Portunus trituberculatus), 두점박이꽃게(Charybdis bimaculata), 보리새우 (Penaeus japonicus), 홍새우(Metapenaeus intermedius) 및 바다가재(Squilla oratoria) 等 5種을 택하여 이들의 말린 껍질에서 Ca과 같은 無機質을 除去하여 chitin-protein complex를 얻었다. 이 chitin-protein 複合物에 대하여 抽出條件을 달리하여 分離시켜 얻은 蛋白質量을 測定하였다. 또한 各 껍질試料를 H₂SO₃ 等으로 처리하여 얻은 粗chitin質 및 이것을 다시 精製하여 얻은 精製 chitin質의 含量을 測定하였고 한편 精製 chitin質을 位相差顯微鏡으로 觀察하였다.<br/> 그 結果를 綜合하면 다음과 같다.<br/> 1. 總蛋白質量은 3.1%에서 10.9%까지였으며 아주 어린 動物을 사용한 두점박이꽃게가 3.1%로서 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 總蛋白質 中 EDTA처리로 分離된 蛋白質은 홍새우의 6.4%에서 두점박이꽃게의 26.7%까지었으며 主로 水素結合을 끊은 7M urea용액에 의해 分離된 蛋白質은 보리새우의 0.1%에서 바다가재의 6.9%까지로 나타났다.<br/> 共有結合된 蛋白質量을 구하기 위하여 알칼리 처리를 하였는데 격렬한 條件 卽 1N NaOH용액으로 100℃에서 48시간 처리로 分離된 蛋白質量은 두점박이꽃게의 51.7%에서 홍새우의 86.9%까지로 總蛋白質의 대부분을 차지하였다.<br/> 2. 粗chitin質의 含量은 꽃게가 말린 껍질의 31.8%, 두점박이꽃게 13.6%, 보리새우 34.1%, 홍새우 35.0% 및 바다가재 32.6%이었으며 粗製chitin質의 含量은 꽃게가 21.1%, 두점박이꽃게 6.2%, 보리새우 20.2%, 홍새우 27.1% 및 바다가재 25.5%로서 두점박이꽃게가 매우 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 이는 두점박이꽃게의 경우 다른 것들과는 달리 매우 어린 動物을 사용한 때문인 것으로 생각된다.<br/> 精製 chitin質과 共有結合된 蛋白質量과의 比는 꽃게, 보리새우 및 홍새우가 다같이 2.7:1이었으며 두점박이꽃게가 3.0:1, 바다가재가 6.1:1이었다.<br/> 3. 精製chitin質의 顯微鏡所見을 보면 각 標本에 있어 모두 纖維狀의 形態를 갖추고 있었다. The dried pure shells deprived of soft tissues were subjected to analysis of chitin-protein complexes from 5 species of marine crustaceans, including 2 species of crabs and 3 species of shrimps.<br/> The protein fractions were obtained from chitin-protein complexes under the varying conditions of extractions and the crude chitin was prepared from the shells by the sulfurous acid process.<br/> The crude chitin was purified through the extraction with several organic solvents such as dimethyl-acetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone.<br/> The purified chitin was also examined using the phase contrast microscope.<br/> Total protein contents of the shells were diverse, showing 9.6% for Portunus trituberculatus, 3.1%, Charybdis bimaculata, 9.4%, Penaeus japonicus, 10.9%, Metapenaeus intermedius and 5.8%, Squilla oratoria. Covalently bound protein varied with species from 2.1% for Charybdis bimaculata to 9.9% for Metapenaeus intermedius. The puified chitin contents of the shells were shown to 21.1% for Portunus tritube rculatus, 6.2%, Charybdis bimaculata, 20.2%, Penaeus japonicus, 27.1%, Metapenaeus intermedius and 25.5%, Squilla oratoria. Exceptionally low analytical value obtained with Charybdis bimaculata are supposed to be due to the very young subjects.<br/> The ratios of chitin to covalently bound protein in the shells were various such as 2.7 to 1 for Portunus trituberculatus, Penaeus japonicus and Metapenaeus intermedius, 3.1 to 1, Charybdis bimaculata and 6.1 to 1, Squilla oratoria.<br/> The microscope finding of the purified chitin showed the filamentous form in all the specimen.

K대학 체육영재 프로그램 참여 아동의 심폐체력 평가

이미숙(Lee, Mi-Sook),김종규(Kim, Jong-Kyu),어수주(Eo, Su-Ju) 한국코칭능력개발원 2013 코칭능력개발지 Vol.15 No.1

서로 다른 식이 섭취와 일회 지구성 운동 후 쥐 골격근 내 AMPK와 MAPK 발현

어수주(Eo su-ju),김효식(Kim hyo-sik),이미숙(Lee mi-sook),김종규(Kim jong-kyu),이종삼(Lee jong-sam) 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

다변량 프로빗 모형을 이용한 가전제품 구매의 상관관계 분석

김창섭,신정우,이미숙,이종수,Kim, Chang-Seob,Shin, Jung-Woo,Lee, Mi-Suk,Lee, Jong-Su 한국마케팅과학회 2009 마케팅과학연구 Vol.19 No.2

As the lifestyle of consumers changes and the need for various products increases, new products are being developed in the market. Each household owns various home appliances which are purchased through the choice of a decision maker. These appliances include not only large-sized products such as TV, refrigerator, and washing machine, but also small-sized products such as microwave oven and air cleaner. There exists latent correlation among possession of home appliances, even though they are purchased independently. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of demographic factors on the purchase and possession of each home appliances, and to derive some relationships among various appliances. To achieve this purpose, the present status on the possession of each home appliances are investigated through consumer survey data on the electric and energy product. And a multivariate probit(MVP) model is applied for the empirical analysis. From the estimation results, some appliances show a substitutive or complementary pattern as expected, while others which look apparently unrelated have correlation by co-incidence. This research has several advantages compared to previous literatures on home appliances. First, this research focuses on the various products which are purchased by each household, while previous researches such as Matsukawa and Ito(1998) and Yoon(2007) focus just on a particular product. Second, the methodology of this research can consider a choice process of each product and correlation among products simultaneously. Lastly, this research can analyze not only a substitutive or complementary relationship in the same category, but also the correlation among products in the different categories. As the data on the possession of home appliances in each household has a characteristic of multiple choice, not a single choice, a MVP model are used for the empirical analysis. A MVP model is derived from a random utility model, and has an advantage compared to a multinomial logit model in that correlation among error terms can be derive(Manchanda et al., 1999; Edwards and Allenby, 2003). It is assumed that the error term has a normal distribution with zero mean and variance-covariance matrix ${\Omega}$. Hence, the sign and value of correlation coefficients means the relationship between two alternatives(Manchanda et al., 1999). This research uses the data of 'TEMEP Household ICT/Energy Survey (THIES) 2008' which is conducted by Technology Management, Economics and Policy Program in Seoul National University. The empirical analysis of this research is accomplished in two steps. First, a MVP model with demographic variables is estimated to analyze the effect of the characteristics of household on the purchase of each home appliances. In this research, some variables such as education level, region, size of family, average income, type of house are considered. Second, a MVP model excluding demographic variables is estimated to analyze the correlation among each home appliances. According to the estimation results of variance-covariance matrix, each households tend to own some appliances such as washing machine-refrigerator-cleaner-microwave oven, and air conditioner-dish washer-washing machine and so on. On the other hand, several products such as analog braun tube TV-digital braun tube TV and desktop PC-portable PC show a substitutive pattern. Lastly, the correlation map of home appliances are derived using multi-dimensional scaling(MDS) method based on the result of variance-covariance matrix. This research can provide significant implications for the firm's marketing strategies such as bundling, pricing, display and so on. In addition, this research can provide significant information for the development of convergence products and related technologies. A convergence product can decrease its market uncertainty, if two products which consumers tend to purchase together are integrated into it. The results

사상성격검사(SPQ)의 임상 타당화 연구

장은수 ( Eun Su Jang ),이수진 ( Soo Jin Lee ),박수현 ( Soo Hyun Park ),이시우 ( Si Woo Lee ),주종천 ( Jong Cheon Joo ),이미숙 ( Mi Suk Lee ),김윤희 ( Yun Hee Kim ),채한 ( Han Chae ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2012 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to validate the Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), based on the diagnosis of Sasang constitutional medicine clinical specialist. Methods : We performed Sasang type differentiation of 103 college students by certified specialist, and analyzed biopsychological traits of each groups with SPQ, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Positive and Negative Affection Schedule (PANAS) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Results : The SPQ score of So-Yang (33.1±0.79), Tae-Eum (29.03±0.67) and So-Eum (25.76±0.98) Sasang groups showed significant differences from each other. The SPQ showed significant correlation with TCI Novelty-Seeking (r=.346), TCI Harm-Avoidance (r=-.348) and TCI Persistence (r=.346). But the BMI and PANAS did not show significant correlation with SPQ, although the PANAS Positive Affection (r=.332) has significant correlation with SPQ-Behavior. Conclusions : We confirmed the clinical validity of SPQ with clinical specialist and established biopsychosocial instruments. This study would contribute to a more objective diagnosis and studies on biopsychosocial mechanism of Sasang constitutional medicine.