간세포암의 전산화단층촬영소견과 혈관조영술소견의 비교 분석

이룡,박재형,최병인,이병희,서창해,한만청,Lee, Yong,Park, Jae-Hyung,Choi, Byung-In,Lee, Byung-Hee,Suh, Chang-Hae,Han, Man-Chung 대한영상의학회 1987 대한영상의학회지 Vol.23 No.5

A comparative review of CT and angiographic finding was taken retrospectively from 50 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Morphological type of tumor could be classified into 3 group as solitary, multinodular, diffuse. 32 cases were concordant in tmor type on both CT and angiography. Location of tumor were concordant in 46 cases. 4 cases were discordant in location of tumor; additional finding such as daughter nodule or extended tumor staining on angiography, small extent of the tumorvascularity on angiography. A majority of tumors showed low density in both pre-contrast CT and post-contrasst CT, and most of which showed hypervascularity on angiography except 8 cases. All isodense tumors showed hypervascularity on angiography. Evaluaton of portal vein invasion were concordant in 30 cases; angiography of 17 cases showed more reliable finding than CT on protal vein evaluation but majority of cases were concordant ono evaluaton of resectability.

Letter Use Competition with a Benevolent Dictator

이룡,김금수 한국제도∙경제학회 2019 제도와 경제 Vol.13 No.3

There is assumed to be a benevolent dictator who decides how to produce a given number of literatures in order to maximize a social welfare comprising of readers’ benefits and production cost. In our simple model, the dictator has come to produce the literatures either exclusively in Hangul-only or Kana-only or exclusively in mixed letters with Hanja, depending on the relative cost of production and relative accessibility for each type of literature. One interesting aspect of our model is that one more mixed use literature would decrease the outstanding readers’ accessibility, but at the same time induce more readers to learn Hanja and offset the accessibility loss. The fact that Hangeul is a logogram explains why Korea has come to use Hangeul exclusively, while Japan still depends heavily on Hanja.

Iopamidol 과 Metrizamide를 이용한 척수조영술의 부작의 비교분석

이룡,강흥식,장기현,한설희,권오상,명호진,Lee, Yong,Kang, Heung-Sik,Jang, Kee-Hyun,Han, Seoul-Heui,Oh, Sung-Kwon,Myung, Ho-Gin 대한영상의학회 1986 대한영상의학회지 Vol.22 No.6

The study was conducted to compare the side effects in myelography of the two non-ionic water-soluble contrast medias, lopamidol(Niopamⓡ) and Metrizamide(Amipaqueⓡ). A total of 111 patients were examined. 64 with lopamidol and 47 with Metrizamide. Side effects consisted of headache, nausea, vomiting , dizziness, urinalry diffculty, muscular pain, seizure, neurobehavioral disturbance neurological sign change, vital sign change and etc, The common side effects were headache, nausea, vomiting and dizziness in order of frequency. Most of the side effects were subside within 24 hours following myelography. lopamidol myelography caused fewer and milder side effects than Metrizamide study. The side effects were more commonly observed in cervical, thoracic or total myelography than in lumbar myelography with either lopamidel or Metrizamide. There was no significant correlation between incidence of the side effects and premedication with phenobarbital or valium injection before myel graphy and CSF sampling during the procedure.

효율적인 한글-한자 자동변환을 위한 어절단위의 변환대상 추출방식과 한자어 사전 구축 방안 ( A Method of Selecting Transcripted Objects on Clauses and Building a Hanja-Work Dictionary for Efficient Hangul-to-Hanja Automatic Transcription )

이룡,권용진 한국통신학회 1997 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.16 No.3

각종 조영제에 의한 폐색 소장조영에 관한 실험적 연구

이룡,김성진,한문희,박재형,Lee, Yong,Kim, Sung-Jin,Han, Moon-Hee,Park, Jae-Hyung 대한영상의학회 1991 대한영상의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

For the evaluation of the level and cause of small bowel obstruction, an oral barium study is usually chosen. When perforation is whether barium or a water-soluble contrast agent should be used, because barium causes foreign body reactions as well as adhesions in the extraluminal tissues. Water-soluble contrast agent, on the other hand, are less satisfactory but in general have no untoward effects in the extraluminal tissues. Because of hyperosomolartity, water-soluble contrast will likely avoid pulmonary complications due to aspiration. The author performed this experimental study to compare the radiological efficacy of different contrast media in enteric follow-through examinations of obstructed small bowel. Rate had a ligature applied to the distal ileum via loparotomy. Four contrast media were subjected to testing by instillation via oro-gastric tube immediately after laparotomy. Radiographs were exposed at 1,4,and 8 hours and evaluated later. After 24 hours the animals were sacrificed and the stomach and small bowels, free from mesentery and omental tissue, were weighted with contrasts. The progression in the owel was proportionate to the osmolarity of the contrast media. After 1 hour, the observations indicated sodium diatrizoate(Gastrografin, Schering) to be the least favorable medium with respect to sharpness of the mucosal border. After 8 hours, barium gave a poorer delineation compared to Ioxaglate(Hexabric, Guerbet) and Iopromide(Ultravist, Schering). Early deaths were noted in the sodium diatrizoate and ioxaglate groups. So we conclude that when using a rather high-volume bolus, low-osmolar non-ionic contrast media seem to have significant prospects for general diagnostic use in patients with suspected intestinal obstruction.

크리스토프 클레스만/최승완 역, 『통일과 역사 새로 쓰기: 독일 현대사에서 배운다』(역사비평사, 2004.11)

李龍一(서평자) 역사학회 2005 역사학보 Vol.0 No.188

유전알고리즘을 이용한 단기 수력 스케줄링에 관한 연구

李龍漢(Yong-Han Lee),黃琪鉉(Gi-Hyun Hwang),文景俊(Kyeong-Jun Mun),朴俊灝(June Ho Park) 대한전기학회 1999 전기학회논문지A Vol.48 No.9

중력식(重力式) 옹벽(擁壁)의 신뢰도(信賴度)에 관한 연구(?究)

백영식,이룡일,Paik, Young Shik,Lee, Yong Il 대한토목학회 1983 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.3 No.2

옹벽(擁壁)의 안정해석(安定解析)에 있어, 신뢰도(信賴度)의 척도(尺度)로 종래(從來)의 안전율(安全率)(factor of safety) 대신 파괴확률(破壞確率)(probability of failure)이란 새로운 개념(槪念)을 도입(導入)하였다. 종래(從來)의 안정해석(安定解析)에 내포(內包)되어 있는 많은 불확실성(不確實性)(uncertainty)을 통계적(統計的) 처리(處理)에 의하여 합리적(合理的)으로 해석(解析)에 반영(反映)하고, simulation을 통하여 현실에 근사한 신뢰도(信賴度)(reliability)를 수치(數値)로 확인(確認)하였다. 흙의 강도정수(强度定數)(내부마찰각(內部摩擦角), 점착력(粘着力))는 일반(一般) Beta 분포(分布)를 따르는 확률변수(破率變數)로 취급(取扱)하였으며, 최우추정법(最尤推定法)에 의하여 구간(區間) [A, B]를 결정(決定)하였다. Rejection Method에 의해 Beta 분포(分布)를 따르는 난수(亂數)들을 생성(生成)하여 이에 대응(對應)하는 강도정수(强度定數)를 구(求)하는 방법(方法)을 제시(提示)하였다. 이렇게 하여 얻어진 강도정수(强度定數)를 써서, Monte Simulation 방법(方法)을 사용(使用)하여 다음과 같이 정의(定義)되는 옹벽(擁壁)의 파괴확률(破壞確率)을 구하였다. $$P_f=\frac{M}{N}$$ 여기서, N : simulation 여행(旅行) 회수(回數) M : simulation 결과(結果) 파괴회수(破壞回數) 상기(上記)한 해석방법(解析方法)에 따라 Computer Program을 개발(開發)하였으며, 예제(例題)를 개발(開發)된 Program으로 풀어 파괴확률(破壞確率)을 구하였다. A new approach is developed to analyze the reliability of the earth retaining wall using the concept of probability of failure, instead of conventional factor of safety. Many uncertainties, which are included in the conventional stability analysis, can be excluded by using the stochastic approach. And the reliability, more consistent with the reality, can be obtained by the simulation. The strength parameters of soil properties are assumed to be random variables to follow a generalized beta distribution. The interval [A, B] of the random variables could be determined using the maximum likelihood estimation. The pseudo-random values corresponding to the proposed beta distribution are generated using the rejection method. The probability of failure defined as follows, is obtained by using the Monte Carlo Method. $$P_f=\frac{M}{N}$$ where, $P_f$ : Probability of failure N : Total number of trials M : Total number of failure out of N A computer program is developed for the computation procedure mentioned above. Finally, a numerical example is solved using the developed program.

국내의 신뢰도 관리 체계 및 기준

박동욱(朴東旭),이용한(李龍漢) 대한전기학회 2001 전기의 세계 Vol.50 No.3

문헌 생산자의 경쟁과 한일 양국의 문자사용에 대한 함의 - 국문 전용인가 혹은 국한문 혼용인가에 관한 경제학적 소고 -

이룡(Li, Long),김금수(Kim, Geum soo) 동북아시아문화학회 2021 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.69

A simple economic model of two literature producers’ competition for a given number of readers is provided. Each of the producers tries to maximize her or his relative influence on readers’ utility by choosing a proportion of Hangeul-only and Hanja-mixed literatures in her or his given production capacity. It is shown that the fundamental factors for the market equilibrium proportion of Hangeul-only and Hanja-mixed literatures are readers’ degree of literacy for each letter-use pattern of literature, Hanja-learning cost and its distribution over readers. An interesting implication of the market equilibrium proportion is that Korea is likely to have a higher proportion of her own letter (i.e., Hangeul) only literature than Japan. The fundamental reason is that Hangeul is a phonemic, while Gana is a syllabary. In addition, we can infer that as government facilitates readers to learn Hanja or enforces them to learn Hanja with a regulation, market mechanism is led to have a higher proportion of Hanja-mixed literature. The contribution of this paper is that it analyzes the letter use pattern in a society from a positive or quantitative market point of view, while the discussions so far focused on the issue from a normative and government standpoint. Our simple model can be productively extended into several directions. Firstly, the producers should be able to produce literatures in any degree of mixture of Hangeul(or Gana) and Hanja. Secondly, the interaction of producers and readers regarding Hanja-learning needs to be fully analyzed. We could assume that readers respond to market equilibrium with one period of time lag and we can build a recursive model based on that assumption. Lastly, access to the cultural capital formed in the long past and the literatures produced in the neighborhood countries belonging to the same Hanja cultural world are the additional benefits to the Hanja-learned. If readers and producers take these benefits into account, the market equilibrium would tend to a higher proportion of Hanja-mixed literature.