간내위치에 따른 담관결석의 초음파 소견

서창해,임태환,김미영,이용 대한초음파의학회 1988 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.7 No.2

간내담관결석의 초음파소견

서창해 대한영상의학회 1985 대한영상의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

While effectiveness of ultrasound in diagnosis of stone in gall bladder and common bile duct has been well established, role of ultrasound in detection of intrahepatic bile duct stone has rarely been described. However, in ultrasonographic diagnosis of common bile duct and gall bladder stone, evaluation of intrahepatic bile duct is essential to dectease the incidence of residual stone because about 5-18% of common bile duct and/or gall bladder stone also have in intrahepatic bile duct. We studied 27 cases of intrahepatic bile duct stone diagnosed with ultrasound for recent 14 months from September 1983 to November 1984 at Department of Radiology, Seoul National University, and analysed ultrasonographic findings of the stones. The results were as follows; 1. In 27 cases out of total 35 cases(77.1%), intrahepatic duct stones were confirmend by operation, postoperative T-tube cholarigiography, ERCP, PTC, and CT; in 4 cases(11.4%), there were no stone in hepatic duct; and in 4 cas s(11.4%) intrahepatic ducts were not completely evaluated because of incomplete studies. 2. 17 cases ut of 27 cases with proven intrahepatic duct stones had also common bile duct and/or gall bladder stones(63%). 3. Ultrasound showed echogenic material (from dut to mass) in 27 cases(100%), posterior shadowing in 26 cases(96%), and ductal dilatation in 23 cases(85%). 4. Intrahepatic stones tend to be apeared as mass-like echogenecity, with the increase in size, number and degree of agregation of stones.

방광암의 고해상 자기공명영성 소견 : 방광벽 침윤의 결정기준을 중심으로

서창해 대한영상의학회 1993 대한영상의학회지 Vol.29 No.2

To establish new criteria to determine the depth of bladder cancer as well as to obtain the findings of each stage of bladder cancer we reviewed high resolution MR images of 18 bladder cancer patients including seven cases (26%) with superficial bladder wall invasion. All MR scans were done before biopsy or surgery. Multiple layers of the bladder wall (inner black, middle white, outer black)were demonstrated in 11 cases out of a total 18 cases. Thickening of the middle layer caused by tumor infiltration or edema of lamina propria was seen in 8 of 12 patients with stage T2 or greater, and was suggestive of superficial muscle invasion when multiple layers were demonstrated. Disruption of outer layer (as well as inner layer) and external protrusion of tumor itself were indicative of perivesical invasion. When multiple layers were not demonstrated, the depth of tumor invasion could not be judged. High resolution MR imaging can depict submucosal invasion, muscle invasion, and perivesical invasion secondary to bladder cancer.

CT scanogram에 의한 장골측정에 관한 연구-Spot Scanogram과 비교하여-

서창해 대한영상의학회 1987 대한영상의학회지 Vol.23 No.1

CT scanogram is a new technique for measuring leg length discrepancy and has many advantages as compared with conventional spot scanogram. 30 dried bones wetre measured by direct measurement, spot scanogram and CT scanogram. Accuracy of CT scanogram was compared with spot scanogram. For evaluation of systemic error of CT, steel rulers and dried bones were measured at two different window settings. Decentering error in spot scanogram was measured by using dried bones and 180 spots of 30 clinical cases of Bell-Thompson studies were reviewed for evaluation of incidence and degree of decentering. The results of measurements of CT and spot scanogram in ideal position and technique were equivalent to those of direct measurements. But in spot scanogram, significant errors were neoted in flexion status and decentered film. 54 spots of 30 clinical cases were decentered more than 1cm. In CT scanogram, decentering error was completely excluded and shortening due to flexion deformity was vercomed by lateral scanogram. CT scanogram is a simple and accurate method for leg length measurement. Thus we recommend CT scanogram as a routine use for evaluation of leg length discrepancy.

신동맥결찰롤 유발한 신허혈의 자기공명영상소견에 관한 실험적 연구

서창해 대한영상의학회 1992 대한영상의학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This study was designed to evaluate the potential applications of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of early and sequential changes of acute renal ischemia. Renal isehmia was induced in seventeen rabbits by surgical ligation of the left renal artery. Magnetic resonance imagin(MRI) was performed with a 2.0T superconductive MR system and a spin-echo technique was used with echo times(TE) of 30 and 80 msec and repetition times(TR) of 0.5 and 2.5 seconds. Kidneys were evaluated before and up to 48 hours after left renal artery ligation, and the spin echo images were analyzed for intensity difference and T1, T2 relaxation times between the cortex and the medulla of both kidneys. After one, and one and half hour following ligation of the left renal artery, the kidneys showed a 4-20% decrease in the left cortex compared to the right cortex contrast uptake(CCC) (P<.01). There was a 14-29% decrease in left medulla to right medulla contrast uptake(MMC) (P<01). A 29-147% incre se in contrast uptake was noted when the left cortex was compared to the left medulla (P<.05). There was a 51-68% decrease in CMC of the right kidney (P<.05) on three different spin echo images. In the cortex of the left kidney, T2 relaxation time decreased 14% (P<.01). CCC and MMC showed more prominent changes than CMC, and sequential changes of CCC and MMC were most prominent on T2 weighted images with TR = 2.5sec and TE = 80msec when compared with compared with T1 weighted and proton density weighted images. Twelve hours after renal arterial ligation, T2 relaxation time, CMC, CCC, and MMC returned to normal values and these findings were believed to be due to congestion and collateral blood supply. In renal ischemia, the most useful MRI findings for diagnosis were found to be changes of CCC and MMC on T2 weighted image, and T2 relaxation time of the cortex in the ischemic kidney.

SPIO주입으로 유발한 간실질내 철 농도의 변화에 따른 간의 양자 자기공명분광소견

서창해,조순구,임명관,김미영,이경희,김형진 대한영상의학회 2001 대한영상의학회지 Vol.45 No.3

목적: 간조직내 철농도의 변화가 간의 양자자기공명분광($^1$H-MRS)소견에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자 하였다 대상과 방법: 체중 2.5-3.0 Kg의 정상 백색가토 40마리를 대상으로 하여 SPIO주입 전 정상상태와 주입 직후 주입후 15분, 1시간. 2시간, 4시간. 24시간, 98시간군 등의 8개 군으로 나누고, 각 시간대에서 해당군의 간에 대한 T2-강조영상 및 $^1$H-MRS소견을 얻었다. 얻어진 $^1$H-MRS소견에서 정상 및 SPIO주입 후 시간 경과에 따른 분광스펙트럼의 변화를 알아보았고, 이를 T2-강조영상에서의 신호강도 및 털염색을 시행한 조직학적 소견과 비교분석하여, 간조직내 철분농도의 변화에 따른 분광곡선의 변화를 분석하였다 결과: T2-강조영상에서 측정한 신호강도는 정상상태, SPIO주입 직후, 주입후 15분,1시간,2시간. 4시간, 24시간, 98시간에 각각 121.3$\pm$15.5. 41 5$\pm$12.7 30.3$\pm$79, 31.3$\pm$3.5, 33.6 79.4, 45.5$\pm$10.9 80.3$\pm$15.7, 110.4$\pm$22.9이었다. $^1$H-MRS소견상 화합물 곡선의 면적에 의거한 (3.9-4.1 ppm공명피크)/(지질피크) 비율은 SPIO주입 직후, 주입15분, 1시간 2시간. 4시간. 24시간, 98시간에 각각 1.10$\pm$0.13. 1.86$\pm$0.21. 1.80$\pm$0.30, 1.76$\pm$0.27. 1 74 $\pm$0.20. 0.07$\pm$0.02. 0.03$\pm$0.01이었다 철털염색을 시행한 조직소견상 염색된 털의 양은 SPIO 주입 직후 증가하여 15분에 최대 염색양을 보인 후4시간가지 큰 변화를 보이지 않다가 24시간 및 96시간후의 소견상 점차 감소하였다. 즉.$^1$H-MRS소견상 (3.9-4.1 ppm공명피크)/(지질피크) 비율의 변화는 T2-강조영상에서 측정한 신호강도 및 조직소견상의 털 염색양과 각각 반비례 및 정비례하는 양상이었다 결론: 간조직내 철농도의 증가는 지질신호의 상대강도 감소 및 3.9-4.1 ppm공명피크의 상대 강도 증가를 보였다 Purpose: To determine the effect of iron on proton MR spectra ($^1$H-MRS) by evaluating changes in$^1$H-MRS of the liver according to changes in hepatic parenchymal iron content. Materials and Methods: We evaluated serial changes in$^1$H-MRS of the liver after intravenous infusion of SPIO in 40 rabbits. These were divided into eight groups of five, and in each group, respectively,$^1$ H-MRS and T2Wl MR images were acquired prior to SPIO infusion, just after infusion, and at 15 minutes and 1,2, 4, 24 and 76 hours after infusion. MR spectra were evaluated with particular attention to the curve pattern observed at specific times after the infusion of SPIO, and the results were correlated with the signal intensity observed on T2Wl images and the histologic giade of iron content of samples of resected liver parenchyma. Results: As observed on T2Wl, the mean signal intensity of rabbit liver in its pre-SPIO infusion state, just after infusion, at 15 minutes, and at 1,2, 4, 24 and 76 hours after SPIO infusion was 121.3${\pm}$ 15.5, 41.5${\pm}$ 12.7, 30.3${\pm}$ 7.9, 31.3 ${\pm}$3.5, 33.6 ${\pm}$ 9.4, 45.5${\pm}$ 10.9, 80.3${\pm}$15.7 and 110.4 ${\pm}$ 22.9, respectively(p < 0.05). Mean standard deviation of the ratio of the area of the peak (3.9-4.1 ppm) / lipid peak (1.3 ppm) peak at each of the above times except for the pre-infusion state was 1.10${\pm}$0.13, 1.86${\pm}$0.21, 1.80${\pm}$0.30, 1.76${\pm}$0.27, 1.74${\pm}$0.20, 0.07${\pm}$0.02 and 0.03${\pm}$0.01, respectively(p< 0.05). The hepatic parenchymal iron content increased rapidly from just after SPIO infusion, reaching its maximal level (as revealed by histologic specimens) at 15 minutes, sustaining this for up to 4 hours, and then decreasing gradually over periods of 24 and 96 hours. These results show that serial changes in patterns of MR spectra and the signal intensity seen on T2Wl images correlate closely with changes in hepatic parenchyrnal iron content. Conclusion: Elevated hepatic parenchymal iron content leads to increases in the relative intensity of unknown peaks at around 4.0 ppm and decreases in the relative intensity of lipid peaks.

基于表述組配的現代漢語語義格硏究

徐昌火(서창화) 중국문화연구학회 2002 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.1

간낭과 신낭의 생체수소자기공명분광소견

서창해,Seo, Chang-Hae 대한영상의학회 2003 대한영상의학회지 Vol.48 No.5

목적:생체수소자기공명분광법을 이용한 내용물의 성분에 대한 분석으로 간과 신낭의 구별이 가능한 지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법:대상은 간낭 15예와 신낭 28예,전체 43예였고 생체수소자기공명분광법은 1.5 T 기기에서 STimulated-Echo Acquisition Mode(STEAM)를 사용하였다.얻어진 스펙트럼에 대하여 우세하게 나타나는 피크들을 확인하였고,각 낭에 따른 특징적인 소견이 있는지 조사하였다.각각의 낭에서 지질/수분,특정대사산물/수분,그리고 지질/특정대사산물의 비율을 각 공명피크의 면적을 이용하여 구한 후,그 평균과 표준편차를 각각 구하였다.간과 신낭의 상대피크면적비를 비교하였고 통계처리를 하였다. 결과:1.3 ppm에서의 지질피크는 간낭의 26.7%(4/15)에서,신낭의67.9%(19/28)에서 나타났다.간과 신낭에서 지질/수분의 피크면적 비율의 평균값과 표준편차는 각각 0.38 $\pm$0.30 $\times$$10^{-6}$과 8.42 $\pm$23.24 $\times$$10^{-6}$이었고,특정대사산물/수분의 경우는 0.83 $\pm$0.74 $\times$$10^{-6}$과 1.50 $\pm$2.94 $\times$$10^{-6}$이었으며 지질/특정대사산물의 경우는 0.57 $\pm$0.64과 2.44 $\pm$3.26이었다.간과 신낭의 지질과 특정대사산물은 양의 상관성을 보였으며 일부 피크면적의 상대적비율은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.05). 결론:간과 신낭에서 각각 다른 수소자기공명분광스펙트럼소견을 얻었으며 앞으로 각각의 장기에서 발생하는 낭종양과의 비교연구에 기본자료로서 이용될 수 있기를 기대한다. Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of in-vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) for differentiation between hepatic and renal cysts, with emphasis on the analysis of cystic content. Materials and Methods: The 1H-MR spectra of 43 cystic lesions (15 hepatic and 28 renal) obtained using in -vivo 1H-MRS at 1.5 T and with a localized proton STEAM sequence were evaluated. We calculated the ratio of the peak area of lipid/water ($R_{lipid/water}$), protein/water ($R_{protein/water}$) and lipid/protein ($R_{lipid/protein}$), paying particular attention to identifying differences in peak area ratios between the two types of cyst. Results: The 1H-MR spectra from 26.7% (4/15) of hepatic and 67.9% (19/28) of renal cysts showed the lipid peak as most prominent. Mean${\pm}$standard deviations of the $R_{lipid/water}$ of hepatic and renal cysts were 0.38${\pm}$0.30x10-6 and 8.42${\pm}$23.24x10-6, respectively; for $R_{protein/water}$ the corresponding figures were 0.83${\pm}$0.74x10-6 and 1.50${\pm}$2.94x10-6, and for $R_{lipid/protein}$, 0.57${\pm}$0.64 and 2.44${\pm}$3.26. All differences were statistically significant (p<0.05), and positive correlation between lipid and protein in hepatic and renal cysts was demonstrated. Conclusion: The different in-vivo 1H-MRS findings, for hepatic and renal cysts can be used in comparative study of cystic tumors of the liver and kidney.

소화기계를 침범한 Behcet 병의 방사선학적 고찰

서창해 대한영상의학회 1984 대한영상의학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Behcet's disease, though originally described as a triad of oral and genital aphthous ulcers and in-flammatory, occular lesion, has had several new elements added to its description. The gastrointestinal manifestation of Behcet's disease including colitis and esophageal ulceration has been recognized in recent years. Four cases of Behcet's disease with colitis and one case with esophageal ulceration are presented and characteristic radiographic findings are described. In colitis and ulcerative esophagitlis in Behcet's disease, the ulcers show collar-button appearance and tend to perforate at multiple sites, producing panperitonitis and esophagobronchial fistula, and intervening mucosa is usually normal

海外市場 진출위한 積極的 마아케팅戰略

徐暢績(서창적) 한국마케팅연구원 1990 마케팅 Vol.24 No.2