결막 편평상피유두종의 임상양상과 수술적 치료의 결과

안찬주(Chan Joo Ahn),김남주(Nam Ju Kim),정호경(Ho Kyung Choung),현준영(Joon Young Hyon),곽상인(Sang In Khwarg) 대한안과학회 2016 대한안과학회지 Vol.57 No.2

목적: 결막 편평상피유두종 환자들의 임상양상과 수술적 치료 방법 및 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 2000년 10월부터 2015년 2월까지 서울대학교병원 안과 및 분당서울대학교병원 안과에서 결막 편평상피유두종으로 진단받고 치료를 시행 받은 31명 32안의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 총 31명 중 9명은 본원 내원 전 같은 종류의 병변에 대한 절제술을 받았으나 재발한 경우였다. 25안에서 한 눈에 1개, 2안에서 2개, 5안에서 3개 이상의 종양이 관찰되었다. 종양은 눈꺼풀판결막에 가장 많았다. 재발한 환자에서 이전 치료경력이 없는 환자에 비해 종양의 수가 많은 경향을 보였다. 수술적 치료로 총 32안 중 13안에서 종양절제술만, 15안에서 종양절제 및 냉동치료, 3안에서 종양절제, 냉동치료 및 인터페론 점안요법, 1안에서 종양절제 및 양막이식술을 시행하였다. 수술 후 평균 추적관찰 기간은 11.1개월이었다. 수술 후 5안에서 재발하였으며, 재발까지의 기간은 평균 4.22개월(3일-9개월)이었다. 종양절제술만 시행하고 재발한 경우가 3안, 종양절제술과 냉동치료 후 재발한 경우가 1안, 종양절제, 냉동치료 및 인터페론 점안요법 후 재발한 경우가 1안이었다. 재발한 5안에 대하여 추가로 종양절제와 냉동치료 또는 종양절제와 인터페론 점안요법, 또는 종양절제, 냉동치료 및 인터페론 점안요법을 추가로 시행하였다. 결론: 결막 편평상피유두종은 수술적 절제 치료를 해도 재발 가능성이 있으므로 수술 후 장기간 지속적인 추적관찰이 필요하다고 생각한다 Purpose: To investigate the clinical features, surgical treatments, and their outcomes in conjunctival squamous papilloma. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 31 patients with 32 eyes that were treated for conjunctival papilloma from October 2000 to February 2015 in Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Results: Among the 31 patients, 9 patients had papilloma which recurred after previous surgical excision at another hospital. Twenty-five eyes had one papilloma lesion, 2 eyes had 2 lesions, and 5 eyes had more than 3 lesions. The most affected location of papilloma was the tarsal conjunctiva. The recurrent group displayed a tendency to have multiple lesions. Surgical excision without any adjuvant therapy was performed in 13 eyes; surgical excision and cryotherapy in 15 eyes; surgical excision, cryotherapy, and topical interferon alfa-2b in 3 eyes; and surgical excision and amniotic membrane transplantation in 1 eye. The mean postoperative follow up period was 11.1 months. There were 5 cases of recurrence and the mean time of recurrence after surgical excision was 4.22 months (range, 3 days to 9 months). Among 5 cases of recurrence, 3 cases were after surgical excision only, 1 case was after surgical excision and cryotherapy, and 1 case was after surgical excision, cryotherapy, and topical interferon alfa-2b. These 5 recurred cases were retreated with surgical excision and cryotherapy, surgical excision and topical interferon alfa-2b, or surgical excision, cryotherapy, and topical interferon alfa-2b. Conclusions: Conjunctival squamous papilloma is likely to recur even though the tumor is completely removed. Therefore, long-term postoperative follow up may be necessary for recurrence.

특발성 망막앞막, 황반원공에서 유리체 절제술 후 주입한 가스 종류에 따른 백내장 진행

안자영(Ja young Ahn),김체론(Che Ron Kim),공민귀(Min gui Kong),한용섭(Yong Seop Han),정인영(In Young Chung),박종문(Jong Moon Park) 대한안과학회 2016 대한안과학회지 Vol.57 No.11

목적: 특발성 망막앞막과 황반원공 환자에서 유리체 절제술 후 주입한 가스의 종류에 따른 백내장의 진행 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 유리체 절제술 후 액체/공기 교환술(Group 1), 20% SF6 주입술(Group 2)을 시행 받은 환자를 대상으로 수술 전과 수술 후 1, 2, 4, 6, 12개월째의 Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III 분류를 이용한 핵경화도, 굴절력(구면대응치)을 측정하였다. PentacamⓇ 샤임플러그 이미지를 image J 프로그램을 이용하여 mean nuclear density와 maximal nuclear density를 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 총 40명, 40안 중 액체/공기 교환술만 시행한 환자(Group 1)는 21안, 20% SF6 가스를 주입한 환자(Group 2)는 19안이었다. 두 군 모두 수술안이 비수술안에 비해 mean nuclear density와 maximal nuclear density, LOCS III를 이용한 백내장 진행의 분석에서 핵경화의 진행이 빨랐다. 가스의 종류에 따른 비교에서 mean nuclear density는 수술 후 4개월째 두 군의 유의한 차이를 보였으며, maximal nuclear density는 수술 후 2개월과 4개월째 두 군의 유의한 차이를 보였다. LOCS III는 수술 후 2개월과 4개월째, 구면대응치는 수술 후 1개월부터 6개월까지 두 군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론: 유리체절제술 전과 수술 후의 백내장 진행 정도는 주입한 가스와 관계없이 수술안이 비수술안에 비해 핵경화의 진행이 빨랐다. 20% SF6 주입술(Group 2)을 시행 받은 군에서 핵경화의 진행이 더 빨리 일어난 것을 확인하였으나 수술 후 12개월에는 가스의 종류에 상관없이 핵경화의 변화 정도는 비슷했다. <대한안과학회지 2016;57(11):1745-1751> Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of quantitative lens nuclear opalescence change after pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal gas injection in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane and macular hole. Methods: All patients were divided into two group according to the kinds of injected gases, either Group 1 (fluid/air exchange) or Group 2 (20% SF6 gas injection). Lens nuclear opalescence according to the classification of Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III, mean nuclear density and maximal nuclear density of Pentacam?? scheimpflug image changed by image J, besides refractive errors were evaluated before surgery and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results: Out of 40 eyes of 40 patients included in the analysis, 21 received only fluid/air exchange (Group 1) and 19 received 20% SF6 gas injection (Group 2). There were significant changes in lens nuclear opalescence between the study and control (unaffected) eyes. In both groups, the study eyes experienced significant progression of cataract compared with the control eyes, in terms of mean nuclear density, maximal nuclear density and LOCS III. In comparison according to the kinds of injected gases, there was a significant difference in mean nuclear density after 4 months, maximal nuclear density after 2 months and 4 months, LOCS after 2 months and 4 months, and refractive error after 1, 2, 4, and 6 months between both groups (p = 0.003). Conclusions: After vitrectomy and intravitreal gas injection, changes in postoperative lens nuclear opalescence of the study eyes progressed more rapidly compared with the control eyes. This study identified that lens nuclear opalescence of Group 2 progressed rapidly, but after 12 months there was no significant difference of lens opacity between the kinds of injected gases. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(11):1745-1751

한방병원 응급실 내원 환자 2,485명의 통계적 고찰 -부산지역에 위치한 모 대학 부속 한방병원 응급실을 중심으로-

안정란 ( Jeong Lan Ahn ),차상철 ( Sang Cheol Cha ),김철규 ( Cheol Gyu Kim ),이인선 ( In Seon Lee ) 한방재활의학과학회 2002 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristic of patients in oriental medical hospital emergency room and to provide basic data for specialization of oriental medicine. Methods : We statistically analyzed study in 2,485 patients, who had visited emergency room from April, 2001 to March, 2002 at Dong-eui oriental medical hospital attached to Dong-eui University.Results & Conclusions : ① In distribution of sex, the rate of male was 48.8%, and that of female was 51.2%. ② In distribution of residence, most patients lived in Busan and the proximity effect worked considerably.③ In distribution of the day of the week, holiday was 32.7%, followed by saturday. ④ In distribution of month, the most was from March to July .⑤ In distribution of disease, circulatory disease was 70.3% and musculoskeletal disease was 21.9%.⑥ The rate of patients admitted via emergency room was 44.8% of total number of patients visited emergency room, and most of patients had C.V.A.(83.2%).⑦ In distribution of previous treatment, western treatment was 15.5%, admission western hospital was 13.1%, oriental treatment was 10.4%, our hospital treatment was 4.3%, self treatment was 10.4%, no treatment was 49.1%. ⑧ In distribution of treatment, acupunture and herb med were 61.4%, acuputure was 22.6%, acupunture, herb med and negative were 3.9%, herb med was 0.2%, teaching and rest were 11.8%. ⑨ In distribution of the mental condition at the arrival time in C.V.A., A group was 84.7%, V group was 10.5%, P group was 4.8%, U group was 0%.The mental condition was significantly severe in the cerebral hemorrhage group compared with the cerebral infarction group(p<0.05). ⑩ In distribution of the self treatment in C.V.A, blood pressure were significantly more decreased in the venesection of sybsun-point group and the venection and p.o. uhwang-chungsimwon group than the p.o. uhwang-chungsimwon group(p<0.05).⑪ In distribution of the past history in the first attack group and the re-attack group, hypertension and heart problem were significantly more in the re-attack group than the first attack group(p<0.05).

농업디자인의 특성에 따른 소비자 만족도 연구

안기선 ( Ahn¸ Ki-seon ),이주현 ( Lee¸ Joo-hyun ),이인숙 ( Lee¸ In-sook ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2021 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.77 No.-

농촌융복합산업에 있어서 소비자의 기호 변화, 농업의 외형적 성장세의 둔화, 다양한 농산물 브랜드 등장으로 인한 소비자 확보 경쟁이 심화되면서 구매를 결정짓는 요소가 감성 및 스토리텔링 등의 디자인 요소를 포함하는 추세로 전환되고 있음에 따라 이제 농산업과 디자인 간의 융합에 있어 고도화가 필요하다. 또한 농촌융복합산업에서의 디자인 융합은 생산자와 소비자 간의 연계성을 강화하기 위해 그들의 관점을 바탕으로 융합 특성 및 요소 탐구에 대한 접근이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 농업디자인의 농토, 농장, 농작물에 나타나게 된 제품과 브랜드 소비자 만족도를 도출해봄으로써 농업과 디자인 융합을 위한 기초자료 확보를 목적으로 실시되었다. 농촌융복합산업 현황과 농업디자인 유형별 디자인 융합의 특성을 이론적 배경으로 살펴보았다. 이후 실증 연구 설계에서 연구문제 및 가설 설정, 연구모형 설계, 농토·농장·농작물디자인 각 분야별 소비자 만족에 영향을 미치는 디자인 요소를 알아보기 위한 설문조사를 실시 및 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 농토디자인에서는 브랜드만 영향을 끼치며, 농장디자인에서는 브랜드, 제품 순으로, 농작물디자인에서는 제품, 브랜드 순으로 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 농업디자인의 신뢰, 가치, 이미지에 대한 소비자 만족을 높이기 위해서는 브랜드를 최우선으로 고려해야 할 것이다. In the agricultural convergence industry, as the competition to secure consumers intensifies due to changes in consumer preferences, the slowdown in the external growth of agriculture, and the emergence of various agricultural brands, the factors determining purchase tend to include design elements such as emotion and storytelling. As it is being transformed, it is now necessary to upgrade the convergence between agriculture and design. In addition, for design convergence in the agricultural convergence industry, it is important to approach the exploration of convergence characteristics and elements based on their point of view in order to strengthen the linkage between producers and consumers. Therefore, this study was conducted for the purpose of securing basic data for the convergence of agriculture and design by deriving consumer satisfaction with products and brands that appeared in farmland, farms, and crops in agricultural design. The current status of agricultural convergence industry and the characteristics of design convergence by agricultural design type were examined as a theoretical background. Afterwards, in the empirical research design, a survey was conducted and analyzed to find out the design factors that affect consumer satisfaction in each field: research question and hypothesis setting, research model design, and agricultural land/farm/crop design. As a result of the analysis, it was found that only the brand had an effect in the farmland design, the brand and the product in the farm design, and the product and the brand in the crop design. In order to increase consumer satisfaction with the trust, value, and image of agricultural design in the future, the brand should be considered as the top priority.

공기업의 공유가치창출(CSV)활동이 고객관계관리(CRM)에 미치는 영향 - 조직구성원을 중심으로 -

안인구 ( In-koo Ahn ),송균석 ( Kyun-seok Song ) KNU기업경영연구소 2020 기업경영리뷰 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구는 공기업의 CSV활동이 내부구성원의 고객관계관리에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증을 하는데 목적을 두고 있다. CSV활동은 Porter and Kramer(2011)가 주장한 제품과 시장의 재인식, 가치사슬에서 생산성 재정의, 지역클러스터 개발에 두고 고객관계관리는 Morgan and Hunt(1994)와 Ganesan(1994)의 연구를 기반으로 한 조직신뢰와 조직몰입을 구성하여 CSV와 CRM간의 영향관계를 분석하였다. 또한 김영 외(2014)의 연구에서 나타낸 바와 같이 CRM의 구조인 신뢰가 몰입에 영향을 미치는 관계에 대하여 매개효과를 가지고 실증하였다. 연구 대상은 인천국제공항공사를 비롯하여 전체 36개 대표 공기업 중 CSV를 기업의 사명이나 경영방침으로 두고 있는 공기업을 대상으로 하여 288부를 가지고 실증분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 공기업의 CSV활동 중 제품과 시장의 재인식 및 가치사슬에서 생산성의 재정의 활동은 조직신뢰에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만 조직몰입에는 유의한 영향을 나타내지 않고 있다. 반면, 지역클러스터 개발의 경우 조직신뢰와 조직몰입 모두에 대하여 유의한 영향을 나타내고 있다. 또한 공기업의 CSV활동과 조직몰입의 관계에서 조직신뢰의 매개관계를 검증한 결과 제품과 시장의 재인식이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 조직신뢰가 완전매개 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 가치사슬에서 생산성의 재정의와 조직몰입의 관계에서 조직신뢰가 부분매개 효과를 나타내고 있으며, 지역클러스터 개발과 조직몰입의 관계에서는 조직신뢰의 매개효과가 없는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 공기업의 CSV활동이 조직신뢰를 통한 조직몰입의 성과를 올리기 위해서는 합리적인 조직구조의 개편이나 환경오염 저감 제품 개발, 유연근무, 일-가정 균형 등과 같은 다양한 형태의 제품과 생산성을 고려한 혁신적 변화가 요구됨을 알 수 있다. 또한 대외적인 공헌이나 사회적 가치의 실현에 중점을 둔 지역클러스터 개발 통하여 조직신뢰와 조직몰입을 동시에 실현함으로써 지속가능한 공기업의 경영혁신을 가져올 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to perform empirical verification of the impact of SOE CSV activities on customer relationship management of internal members. CSV activities are focused on re-recognition of products and markets claimed by Porter and Kramer (2011), redefining productivity in the value chain, and developing regional clusters. Based on the research of Morgan and Hunt(1994) and Ganesan(1994), customer relationship management constituted organizational trust and organizational commitment, and analyzed the impact relationship between CSV and CRM. In addition, the mediation effect was verified empirically in the relationship that organizational trust, which is a component of CRM, affects organizational commitment. The subject of the study was an empirical analysis with 288 copies of the Incheon International Airport Corporation and public enterprises that have CSV as their corporate mission or management policy among 36 representative public enterprises. As a result of the research, it was shown that the re-recognition of products and markets and the redefinition of production definition in the CSV activities of public enterprises had a significant effect on organizational trust, but did not show a significant effect on organizational commitment. On the other hand, in the case of regional cluster development, it has a significant effect on both organizational trust and organizational commitment. In addition, as a result of verifying the mediating relationship of organizational trust in the relationship between CSV activities of organizations and organizational commitment, the effect of product and market rerecognition on organizational commitment showed that organizational trust has a full mediating effect. In the relationship between value chain productivity redefinition and organizational commitment, organizational trust has a partial mediating effect, and in the relationship between regional cluster development and organizational commitment, there can be no mediating effect of organizational trust. Therefore, in order for the CSV activities of SOEs to increase the performance of organizational commitment through organizational trust, innovative changes that take into account various types of products and productivity, such as reorganization of rational organizational structures, development of products that reduce environmental pollution, implementation of flexible working systems, and work-home balance, etc. Is required. In addition, through the development of regional clusters focused on realizing external contributions and social values, it is possible to bring about management innovation of a sustainable public enterprise by simultaneously realizing organizational trust and organizational commitment.

만다라를 이용한 교육활동이 만5세 유아의 집중력과 창의성에 미치는 효과

안미인(Mee In Ahn),오은순(Eun soon Oh) 한국포괄영유아아동교육지원학회 2016 포괄영유아,아동교육지원연구 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 만다라를 이용한 교육활동이 만 5세 유아의 집중력과 창의성에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위하여 충남 A시 A유치원 만 5세 방과후과정 유아 40명을 대상으로 실험집단과 통제집단으로 각각 20명씩 배정하여 16차시의 실험 연구를 진행 하였다. 유아기는 발달의 결정적시기로 만 5세 유아는 집중력과 창의성 발달이 활발히 이루어지는 시기다. 이 시기의 유아에게 만다리를 이용한 교육활동은 자신의 활동에 집중하고 몰입하게 하여 자신만의 창조적인 욕구를 경험하게 한다. 따라서 유아가 융·복합시대의 창의적이며 집중력 있는 주체로 성장을 돕기 위한 방편으로 만다라 교육활동의 필요성이 있다. 연구 결과 만다라를 이용한 교육활동은 만 5세 유아의 집중력 및 창의성에 유의미한 교육적 효과가 입증되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 만 5세 유아의 집중력과 창의성 증진에 영향을 미치는 만다라 프로그램을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 나아가 다양한 연령에서의 확대 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있으며 유아들이 하루 일과 중 4∼5시간 머물게 되는 유아교육 기관에서 관심을 갖고 적용한다면 보다 긍정적인 효과가 있을 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of education activity using Mandala on 5 year old children. The experimental research was conducted 16times. In this research, the experimental group and control group were each consisted of twenty 5 year old children who take after school program(after school class) in A kindergarten in A city which is located at Chungcheongnam-do Province. Furthermore, this research proposes utilization of the results in this study, as a baseline data for future early childhood education curriculums which include Mandala program to enhance concentration and creativity. Due to the adverse effects created by the development of human society, children are being overly exposed to smart phones and internet medias. As a result, rather than receiving more benefits of social development, children experience more of the adverse effects. Children are having a hard time getting immersed in something or concentrating on their inner sides. Early childhood period is commonly referred to as the critical period. This is the period when many skills that constitute the basis of life are acquired. Using Mandala program will be effective on children in terms of education, by helping children get immersed and experience creativity while concentrating on their inner side. The research problems of this paper are as follows : 1. What are the effects of using Mandala education program on enhancing the concentration of 5 year old children? 2. What are the effects of using Mandala education program on enhancing the creativity of 5 year old children? This research provides meaningful results which shows that using Mandala education program is effective in enhancing concentration and creativity on 5 year old children. Through using Mandala education program, the experimental group showed higher results in concentration than the control group. In terms of creativity, the experimental group showed higher results than the control group. In conclusion, it was verified that the educational effects were higher in the experimental group(the group which conducted the Mandala education program) than the control group. As mentioned above, this study shows the effects of education activity using Mandala program enhancing concentration and creativity on 5 year old children. The results of this study can be utilized as a baseline data for Mandala program which influences the improvement of concentration and creativity on 5 year old children. Further study should be conducted on other age groups and if this research is applied to early childhood education institutions where children spend about 4~5hours daily, positive effects can be anticipated.

염화제이수은 및 중크롬산칼륨이 가슴샘의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

안의태,고정식,박경호,박인규,경홍기,한영복,Ahn, E-Tay,Ko, Jeong-Sik,Park, Kyung-Ho,Park, In-Kyu,Kyung, Hong-Kee,Han, Young-Bok 한국현미경학회 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.1

Ultrastructure of mouse thymus was evaluated, following the administration of potassium dichromate and mercuric chloride, the heavy metals of evironmental pollutants. Potassium dichromate (20 mg/kg) or mercuric chloride solutions (10 mg/kg) were subcutanously injected to the mice. Six hours, three days and two weeks after the injections, animals were sacrificed. Thymic tissues were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solutions. The procedure was followed by the fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide solutions. Washed and dehydrated tissue-blocks were embedded in the araldite mixture. Ultra-thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate solutions. Results observed were as follows: 1. In electron microscopy, cortical population of thymocytes in the thymus of experimental groups were reduced. especially in the outer cortex. Subcapsular cortices of potassium dichromate treated mice were filled with many epithelial reticular cells, whereas the similar area of mercuric chloride-treated mice exhibited large intercellular spaces. 2. In the thymus of mercuric chloride treated group, large intercellular spaces were formed by shrinkage of epithelial reticular cells, and the space was invaded by numerous cytoplasmic projections of macrophages. Thymocytes nuded out from the shrunken cytoplasm of epithelial reticular cells, presented numerous microvilli. 3. In the thymus of potassium dicromate treated group, many activated macrophages and plasma cells migrated into thymic cortices. 4. In the perivascular spaces of thymic cortices of potassium dichromate- and mercuric chloride-treated mice, activated macrophages. plasma cells, collagen fibrils, and flocculent substance of exudated materials were exhibited. From the above findifgs, it was concluded that potassium dichromate or mercuric chloride could disturb the normal differentiation or 'education' of T cells in the thymic cortex. In turn, these heavy metals may hurt the immunological defense mechanism.

홍적태지(洪積台地)에 발달(發達)된 중점질(重粘質) 토양(土壤)(화동통(華東統))에 대(對)한 인산(燐酸) 규산(珪酸) 및 유기물(有機物)의 시용효과(施用效果)

안상배,류인수,Ahn, Sang-Bai,Ryu, In-Soo 한국토양비료학회 1978 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.10 No.4

담수하(湛水下)에서 환원발달(還元發達)이 극(極)히 부진(不進)한 적황색계중점질토양(화동통)((赤黃色系重粘質土壤)(華東統))의 개량방법(改良方法)으로서 인산(燐酸), 규산(珪酸) 및 유기물(有機物)의 효과를 기대(期待)하였던바 1. 인산(燐酸)의 효과는 매우 컸으며 인산(燐酸) 56kg/10a의 시용(施用)으로 약(約) 20%의 증수(增收)를 가져왔다. 2. 인산(燐酸)에 의(依)한 증수(增收)는 주(主)로 분벽수(分蘗數) 증가(增加)에 기인(起因)되었다. 인산(燐酸)에 대(對)한 품종간(品種間) 반응(反應)에서 주당경수(株當莖數)의 최고증가(最高增加)는 통일(統一) 3.6경(莖), 진흥(振興) 1.9경(莖)이었으나 등숙률(登熟率)은 반대(反對)로 통일(統一)에서 4% 감소(減少)되었고 진흥(振興)에서는 3% 증가(增加)되었다. 3. 유수형성기(幼穗形成期)와 출수기(出穗期)의 식물체중(植物體中) $P_2O_5$ 함량(含量)과 수량간(收量間)에는 1% 수준(水準)에서 높은 백관관계(栢關關係)가 있었으나, 출수기(出穗期)의 $P_2O_5$ 함량(含量)과 수량간(收量間)에는 유의적상관(有意的相關)이 없었다. 최고수량(最高收量)을 얻을 수 있는 유수형성기(幼穗形成期)의 인산함유률(燐酸含有率)은 0.8%이었다. 4. 규산(珪酸)의 효과는 통일(統一)에서는 인정(認定)되지 않았으나 진흥(振興)에서는 컸고 퇴비(堆肥) 및 왕겨의 시용효과도 진흥(振興)에서만이 현저하였다. 5. 규산(珪酸) 및 석회(石灰)의 시용(施用)은 경엽중(莖葉中)의 질소함유률(窒素含有率)을 저하(低下)시켰으며 특(特)히 통일(統一)에서 현저히 감소(減少)되었다. 이로 볼 때 이들 효과의 발현(發現)을 위(爲)하여는 특(特)히 통일(統一)의 경우 질소(窒素)의 증시(增施)가 수반되어야 할 것으로 보였다. A field experiment was conducted to confirm the effect of phosphorus, calcium silicate and different kinds of organic matter to a red-yellow heavy clay textured paddy soil, developed on alluvial terrace. 1. The yield response of phosphorus was very high in both Tongil (Indica x lap.) and Jinheung (Japonica type) varieties. Twenty percent of yield increase with 56kg $P_2O_5$ per 10a. 2. Yield increase by application of phosphorus was closely resulted from increase of tillers per plant. The increases of tillers per plant as observed at harvesting stage by phosphorus fertilization were 3.6 tillers in Tongil, 1.9 in Jinheung, while ripening ratio adversely was decreased 4% in Tongil and increased 3% in Jinheung. 3. High correlation between P content and yield was found at earformation and heading stages. The content of P in rice plant necessary to produce maximum yield in this soil was 0.8 percent at earformation stage. 4. The effect of silicate was not significant for Tongil but was obvious for Jinheung, and the effect of compost and rice husk was also significant for Jinheung. 5. Addition of silicate and lime to phoshorus treatment decreased the nitrogen content of rice plant, especially in Tongil. Accordingly, significant responses of silcate and lime seems be appeared by increasing the rate of nitrogen application.

HIT 세포에서의 Dexmethasone 이 글루코키나제와 글루코기나제 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향

안규정(Kyu Jeong Ahn),김덕윤(Deok Yoon Kim),우정택(Jeong Taek Woo),김성운(Sung Woon Kim),양인명(In Myung Yang),김진우(Jin Woo Kim),김영설(Young Seol Kim),김광원(Kwang Won Kim),최영길(Young Kil Choi) 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.46 No.4

N/A Objectives: The glucokinase-glucose sensor concept of physiological glucose recognition by pancreatic beta- cells has developed progressively since the presence of this enzyme in beta-cells was first reported in 1968. It is well known that HIT cells have glucokinase activity and then insulin secretory response according to glucose stimulation, but there are few data about the effect of hormone on insulin secretion and glucokinase in HIT cells. Therefore, we studied the effect of dexamethasone on glucokinase activity, mRNA expression and insulin secretion in HIT cells. Methods: HIT cells were cultured for 24 hours in medium containing 0, 50, or 500 nM dexamethasone, and then the activities of glucokinase was quantitiated using pyridine uncleotide-dependent fluorometric assays. Northern blot analysis of glucokinase mRNS was done. Results: 1) The Vmax and Km of glucokinase in HIT cells were 3.5 μ mol/min/mg protein, 0.77 mM in HIT cells exposed to 7 mM glucose, respectively and the Vmax and Km of hexokinase in HIT cells were 2.64 μmol/ min/mg protein, 0.06 mM, respectively. 2) 24 hours after incubation of HIT cell with dexamethasone 0, 50, 500 mM, the glucokinase activity and insulin secretion were observed: the glucokinase activities were 1.4±0.45(control), 0.87±0.43(50nmol dexarnethasone), 0.13±0.52 uU/mg protein(500 nmol dexamethasone), and insulin secretion were 44.57±4.1(control), 35.50±1.72(50 nmol dexamethasone), 31.62±1.07 ng/mg protein(500 nmol dexamethasone), respectively. 3) Northern analysis revealed that dexamethaxone increase glucokinase mRNA expression according to dexamethasone concentrations 24 hours after incubation of HIT cells with dexamethasone 50 or 500 nM. Conclusion: Our data showed that dexamethasone tended to increase glucokinase mRNS expression, but decrease glucokinase activity and insulin secretion in HIT cells. Thease data suggested that dexamethasone may have an variable effect on transcriptional or posttranslational levels of glucokinase.

문화예술분야 협동조합이 문화예술 생산에 미치는 영향 연구

안인재(Ahn In Jae) 한국문화콘텐츠학회 2013 문화예술콘텐츠 Vol.- No.9·10·11

본고는 문화예술분야 협동조합이 가지는 문화예술시장 생산 환경에서의 의미를 발견하는데 목적이 있다. 협동조합은 기존의 상법상의 각종회사, 민법상의 사단ㆍ재단 법인과는 다른 새로운 법인격을 갖는 조직이기 때문에, 문화예술시장에서도 협동조합의 등장은 새로운 영향을 받게 될 것이다. 본 논문은 우리나라의 시장경제 중 문화예술시장의 생산 환경에 미치게 될 영향에 주목하였다. 문화예술시장의 생산 환경을 문화산업생태계구조로 나누어 분석한 후, 협동조합의 등장이 가지는 문화예술생산자 측면과 문화산업 생태계 측면에 서의 의미를 알아보고자 하였다. 문화예술시장은 창작의 핵심인 문화예술과, 문화예술을 바탕으로 만들어지는 콘텐츠 시장으로 나눌 수 있다. 문화예술분야에서는 경제적 보상이 충분하지 못하고, 안정적인 일자리를 가지기 어려운 현상이 발견되었고, 이러한 문제의 원인은 콘텐츠 시장의 생태계에서 찾아볼 수 있었다. 대기업의 독점현상이 문화산업 생태계에서 그대로 나타나는 것이다. 따라서 조합원의 이익을 향상을 위한 협동조합은 문화예술 생산자에게 자본주의 기업이 가져가는 투자자의 이익을 조합원에게 돌려줄 수 있어 경제적 보상부분에 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 예상되며, 이는 다양한 창작활동의 증가와 소비자의 구매요인 증가로 이어져 문화예술시장의 선순환 구조에 영향을 줄 수 있을 것이라 예상 된다. 또한 문화산업 생태계 내에서 약자의 입장이었던 생산자들이, 협동조합을 통해 정당한 경제적 보상 및 권리를 찾는데 도움이 될 가능성을 보여 주었다. 협동조합도 시장경제 내의 여러 조직 중 하나이기 때문에 완벽할 수는 없다. 따라서 앞으로 생겨날 문화예술분야의 협동조합에 대한 사례분석과 시장 환경 변화에 따른 지속가능한 방법을 찾는 연구가 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to discover the meaning of cooperative for culture and arts in a production environment of cultural arts market. Comparing to various companies on the existing commercial law and other organizations on the civil law, cooperative is completely new type of legal entity. It is expected that the emergence of cooperative would affect afresh to our country s cultural arts market. This paper has focused on the effects of cooperatives in the production environment of the culture and art market in our country s economy. Ecosystem structure of cultural industry is evaluated what the emergence of cooperative means in the two aspects, the producer of cultural arts and the ecosystem of the cultural industry. Cultural arts market can be divided into two parts of cultural arts and contents market. While the first roles as the core of production process, the second is built up on base of the first. In the field of cultural art, it is found that the job market and economic incentives are not sufficient and stable; These problems are aroused by systemic feature that the content market has. The dominance of large companies was also projected onto the cultural arts market. Thus, cooperative organization based on the interests of members is expected to bring back the benefit of investors to the union from the capitalist enterprise and increase the variety of creative activities and consumer buying factors which affect the virtuous cycle of cultural art market. It is also shown that the potential for bringing back the original right and the financial compensation to producers who are on the side of the weak at the ecosystem of cultural art. A cooperative organization, the one of the various organizations in the capital economy, cannot be perfect. Thus, it is required to study and analyze more specific cases of cooperative for cultural arts and find a way to sustain the cooperatives in the environmental change of market.