초등학생을 위한 활동중심 인공지능 융합 교육 프로그램 개발 및 적용

신진선,조미헌,Shin, Jinseon,Jo, Miheon 한국정보교육학회 2021 정보교육학회논문지 Vol.25 No.3

4차 산업혁명의 핵심 기술인 인공지능은 정치, 문화, 산업, 경제 등 사회의 여러 분야에 적용되며 혁명적인 변화를 야기하고 있다. 이에 따라 인공지능 시대를 이끌 학생들에게 인공지능으로 인한 사회의 변화를 인식하고, 인공지능에 대한 지식을 습득하며, 다양한 상황에서 인공지능을 활용할 수 있는 역량이 요구된다. 하지만 초등학생의 평균적 발달 수준에서는 인공지능의 개념과 원리를 학습하기에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 초등학생의 수준에 맞는 인공지능 교육 내용과 방법을 선정하여 교육 프로그램을 체계적으로 개발하고 이를 실제 교육현장에 적용함으로써 그 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 선정한 내용 체계는 인공지능으로 변화된 사회를 인식하는 'AI 사회인식', 인공지능을 체험하고 원리를 이해하는 'AI 이해하기', 인공지능을 활용해 실생활의 문제를 해결하는 'AI 활용하기'이고, 이에 따라 세부적으로 8가지 내용 요소들을 함께 구성하였다. 교육 방법으로는 활동중심, 타 교과 융합, 프로젝트기반학습으로 선정하여 초등학생의 수준에서 쉽고 즐겁게 인공지능을 학습할 수 있도록 총 20차시의 교육 프로그램을 개발하여 적용하였다. 또한 '인공지능에 대한 인식', '융합적 사고력', '창의적 문제해결력'과 '협업 역량'의 측면에서 프로그램의 적용 효과를 분석하였으며, 4가지 측면 모두에 대해 긍정적인 변화를 검증하였다. As the core technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, AI is applied to various fields of society(e.g. politics, culture, industry, economy, etc.) and causes revolutionary changes. Students who will lead the age of AI need the ability to recognize social changes due to AI, acquire AI related knowledge and utilize AI in various situations. However, it is difficult for elementary school students to understand the concept and principles of AI. Therefore, this study developed an AI education program by selecting educational contents and methods appropriate to the level of elementary school students, and investigated the educational effects of the program by applying it to an actual educational setting. The content selected in this study is 'Social Awareness on AI', 'Understanding AI' and 'Utilizing AI', and eight content elements were selected. To help students learn AI easily and pleasantly at their level, activity-centered education, convergence of subjects and project-based learning were selected as instructional methods, and 20 sessions of education program were developed and implemented. In addition, the effects of the program were analyzed concerning 'perception on AI', 'convergent thinking', 'creative problem-solving' and 'collaboration capability', and positive changes were verified for all four aspects.

연령층에 따른 소셜미디어 플랫폼 선호도의 변화와 특징 융합 연구

신진선(Shin, Jin Seon) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2021 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.39 No.1

본 연구는 소셜미디어는 다양한 플랫폼이 존재하며 연령층에 따라 선호도가 다르기 때문에 세부적으로 분석해야 할 가치가 있다는 관점에서 시작되었다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 소셜미디어를 사용할 때 연령층별로 느끼는 단점을 해소하기 위한 소셜미디어 플랫폼에 최적화된 기능 및 디자인 방안을 제안하는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 4가지 소셜미디어를 연령층별로 나누어 UX 요소 3가지와 UI 요소 3가지로 분석하였고 플랫폼의 사용성을 평가하기 위해 각 연령대의 사용자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 채널 간 장단점을 파악하였다. 이를 바탕으로 연령대별로 개선해야 할 요소를 분석하여 소셜미디어 플랫폼에 최적화된 기능과 디자인을 시도하였다. 연구 결과 및 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 메뉴 깊이를 단순화하고 현지에 최적화된 단어로 적절한 레이블링(labeling)에 대한 고려가 있어야 한다. 둘째, 무분별한 콘텐츠에 제한을 두기 위해 셀러 등급제 서비스를 통해 질 낮고 무분별한 정보를 관리한다. 셋째, 폐쇄적인 플랫폼의 거부감을 완화하기 위해 접속 상태와 시청 기록을 확인할 수 있는 기능을 제안한다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 연령별 니즈를 반영하여 소셜미디어의 문제점을 개선한다는 것에 의의를 두고 있으며, 개선이 필요한 소셜미디어에 쉬운 접근성, 높은 이해도, 매력도 향상 등 영향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study began with the view that social media is worth analyzing in detail because there are various platforms and different preferences depending on age groups. Thus, the purpose of this study is to propose functional and design measures optimized for social media platforms to address the disadvantages felt by age groups when using social media. Therefore, this paper analyzed four social media by age group into three UX elements and three UI elements, and conducted a survey of users of each age group to assess the usability of the platform to identify the advantages and disadvantages between channels. Based on this, we analyze the factors that need to be improved by age group and attempt features and designs optimized for social media platforms. The results and contents of the study are as follows. First, there should be consideration for proper labeling with words that simplify menu depth and are locally optimized. Second, low-quality and indiscriminate information is managed through the Seller Rating System service to limit reckless content. Third, we propose a capability to check the connection status and viewing history to mitigate the rejection of closed platforms. Based on these findings, this study is significant in improving social media problems by reflecting age-specific needs, and it is expected to affect social media in need of improvement, such as easy accessibility, high understanding, and attractiveness.

키토산올리고당이 에스트로겐 의존성 인간유방암세포 MCF-7의 전이활성에 미치는 영향

신진선 ( Jin Sun Shin ),이규식 ( Kyu Shik Lee ),남경수 ( Kyung Soo Nam ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2012 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.17 No.1

We investigated the effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS-L, MW < 1,000 Da) on metastatic activities in MCF-7 estrogendependent human breast cancer cells. In a concentration range of 0.1 to 5 mg/mL, aromatase transcription was significantly down-regulated by COS-L. In gelatin zymographic analysis, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity induced by phorbol- 12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA) was critically inhibited by COS-L in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) transcriptions was enhanced by COS-L but not changed TIMP-2. Therefore, the results suggest that COS-L should decrease the metastatic potential in MCF-7 estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells through the decrease of aromatase transcription and MMP-9 activity and the increase of TMP-1 expression. In conclusion, present investigation provides critical information that COS-L may diminish the risk of mortality and recurrence caused by metastasis in estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

저분자 키토산올리고당이 인간 유방암 세포의 MMP-9 활성 및 TIMPs 발현에 미치는 영향

신진선 ( Jin Sun Shin ),이규식 ( Kyu Shik Lee ),남경수 ( Kyung Soo Nam ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2011 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.16 No.3

저분자 키토산올리고당(Mw ≤ 1,000)이 사람 유방암 세포인 에스트로겐 비의존성 MDA-MB-231 인간 유방암세포의 전이에 미치는 효과를 wound healing assay와 MMP-9의 활성 및 TIMP-1, TIMP-2 발현 변화를 통해서 조사하였다. 그 결과, 저분자 키토산올리고당이 MDA-MB-231 인간 유방암세포의 이동성을 억제하고 이 과정에서 MMP-9의 활성을 감소시키고 MMP-9의 조절 inhibitor인 TIMP-1의 발현을 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 이는 저분자 키토산올리고당이 MMP-9의 활성을 억제시킴으로써 종양의 기저막 및 세포외 기질의 분해를 저해하여 다른 조직으로의 전이를 예방할 수 있음을 보여주는 결과이다. 따라서 본 연구는 저분자 키토산올리고당이 에스트로겐 비의존성 유방암의 전이를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있는 소재로 활용이 가능하고 이를 통해 유방암의 치료 효과를 높여줄 수 있고, 나쁜 예후를 최소화할 수 있는 방안으로 활용이 가능함을 보여준다. We investigated the effect of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (COS-L, MW<1,000 Da) on metastatic activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. In a concentration range of 0.05 to 3 mg/mL, cell migration was significantly decreased by COS-L in a dose dependent manner. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA) was critically inhibited by COS-L at 3 mg/mL. In contrast, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) transcription was dose-dependently increased. However, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) was not changed. The results suggest that the decrease of metastatic potential in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer call by COS-L should be mediated by the inhibition of MMP-9 activity via the induction of TIMP-1. In conclusion, present investigation provides critical information that COS-L may diminish the risk of mortality and relapse caused by metastasis in breast cancer.

불가사리다당이 uPA 및 uPAR, VEGF 발현에 미치는 영향

이규식,신진선,남경수 한국키틴키토산학회 2013 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구에서는 불가사리다당에 의한 전이 및 혈관신생 과 정에 중요한 인자로 알려진 uPA와 uPAR, VEGF의 발현 변 화를 MCF-7 인간유방암 세포와 HT-29 인간대장암 세포를 대상으로 조사하였다. 그 결과, 불가사리다당이 uPA의 발현 은 물론, uPAR, VEGF의 발현을 매우 효과적으로 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 그 저해는 HT-29 인간대장암 세포에서 다소 강하게 나타났다. uPA와 uPAR은 plasminogen으로부터 plasmin의 생성 촉매를 통해 암의 전이를 촉진하는 조절인자로 이들의 발현 억제는 전이과정에 작용하는 protease의 효소활 성 조절을 통해 불가사리당이 전이를 억제할 수 있음을 의미 한다. 또한, VEGF는 혈관신생을 촉진하는 인자로 불가사리 다당에 의한 저해는 전이 과정에서 촉진되는 혈관신생을 억 제함으로써 암의 성장 및 전이를 저해할 수 있음을 말한다. 암의 전이는 치료 후 암의 재발은 물론 나쁜 예후의 주요 원 인으로 불가사리다당에 의한 uPA, uPAR 및 VEGF의 발현 저해는 암의 전이를 억제하여 나쁜 예후와 재발을 예방할 수 있는 소재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구 는 불가사리다당의 암예방 효능 특히, 전이 억제효능에 대한 유용한 정보를 제공해준다. The effects of starfish (Asterina pectinifera) polysaccharides on urokinase plasmonogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor (uPAR) system-mediated metastasis and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) proangiogenic factor expression in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinomas and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were investigated. Transcriptions of uPA induced by TPA in both MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinomas were down-regulated by starfish polysaccharides in concentration ranges over 40 μg/mL and over 80 μg/mL, respectively. Also, uPAR expressions in both were decreased by the polysaccharides in a dose-dependent manner. The changes of VEGF in both cancer cells were significantly lessened in concentration ranges from 10 μg/mL to 120 μg/mL. The results suggest that starfish polysaccharides may prevent metastasis and angiogenesis in breast and colon cancers through the inhibition of uPA/uPAR system and VEGF expression. Therefore, present investigation demonstrates that starfish polysaccharides may use as a cancer chemoprventive agent for breast and colon cancers.

Effect of Proton Beam Irradiation on the Regulation of Metastasis-enhancing Factors in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells

이규식,신진선,남경수 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.7

Metastasis is a major cause of poor prognosis and recurrence in cancer patients. We have previouslyreported that cancer metastasis may be prevented by proton beam irradiation via theinduction of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases-1 and -2, known as anti-metastatic factors,and the suppression of aromatase in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. However, the prior reportdid not show the effect of proton beam irradiation on metastasis-enhancing factors. Therefore, inthis study, the effects of proton beam irradiation on the regulation of metastasis-enhancing factors,including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), urokinase plasminogenactivator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR), were investigated in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced expression of COX-2, an important proteinin metastasis and tumor growth in breast cancer, was down-regulated in a dose-dependent mannerin MCF-7 human breast cancer cells irradiated by a proton beam. Proton beam irradiation alsodecreased MMP-9 activity and expression induced by TPA. Furthermore, proton beam irradiationdose-dependently inhibited uPA and uPA receptor (uPAR) expression. In conclusion, the presentinvestigation demonstrated that TPA-induced metastatic activity in MCF-7 human breast cancercells is effectively lessened by proton beam irradiation via the reversal of COX-2, MMP-9, uPA anduPAR expressions and MMP-9 activity

Anti-angiogenic Activity in Metastasis of Human Breast Cancer Cells Irradiated by a Proton Beam

이규식,신진선,남경수,손윤희 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.2

Angiogenesis is an essential process of metastasis in human breast cancer. We investigated the effects of proton beam irradiation on angiogenic enzyme activities and their expressions in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The regulation of angiogenic regulating factors, of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and of vesicular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in breast cancer cells irradiated with a proton beam was studied. Aromatase activity and mRNA expression, which is correlated with metastasis, were significantly decreased by irradiation with a proton beam in a dose-dependent manner. TGF-β and VEGF transcriptions were also diminished by proton beam irradiation. In contrast, transcription of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), also known as biological inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), was dose-dependently enhanced. Furthermore, an increase in the expression of TIMPs caused th MMP-9 activity to be diminished and the MMP-9 and the MMP-2 expressions to be decreased. These results suggest that inhibition of angiogenesis by proton beam irradiation in breast cancer cells is closely related to inhibitions of aromatase activity and transcription and to down-regulation of TGF-β and VEGF transcription.

Potentiation of the Anticancer Effects by Combining Docetaxel with Ku-0063794 Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

전예원,김옥희,신진선,홍하은,김초희,김세준 대한암학회 2022 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.54 No.1

Purpose mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibition by Ku-0063794 could confer profound anticancer effects against cancer cells because it eliminates feedback activation of Akt. Herein, we aimed to determine anticancer effects of docetaxel and Ku-0063794, individually or in combination, against breast cancer cells, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Materials and Methods MCF-7 breast cancer and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell lines for in vitro studies and mouse xenograft model for in vivo studies were used to investigate the effect of docetaxel, Ku-0063794, or their combination. Results In the in vitro experiments, combination therapy synergistically reduced cell viability and induced higher apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cells than the individual monotherapies (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis and flow cytometric analysis showed that the combination therapy induced higher apoptotic cell death than the individual monotherapies (p < 0.05). In the in vivo experiment, docetaxel and Ku-0063794 combination therapy reduced the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells xenografted in the nude mice better than in the individual monotherapies (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the combination therapy induced the highest expression of cleaved caspase-3 and the lowest expression of Bcl-xL in the MDA-MB-231 cells xenografted in the nude mice (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence, incorporating both in vitro and in vivo experiments, consistently validated that unlike individual monotherapies, docetaxel and Ku-0063794 combination therapy significantly inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy (p < 0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that docetaxel and Ku-0063794 combination therapy has higher anticancer activities over individual monotherapies against MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells through a greater inhibition of autophagy and EMT.

해양심층수와 키토산올리고당이 인간유방암세포의 혈관내피세포 성장인자 및 그 수용체의 발현에 미치는 영향

권윤숙 ( Yun Suk Kwon ),신진선 ( Jin Sun Shin ),이규식 ( Kyu Shik Lee ),남경수 ( Kyung Soo Nam ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2012 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been thought as a crucial regulator of angiogenesis for development, growth, proliferation, and metastasis of breast cancer. VEGF promotes angiogenesis by binding its receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), VEGFR-1 and -2. In this study, we evaluated the effect of deep-sea water (DSW) on expressions of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS-L)-mediated VEGF and its receptors induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We found that the mixtures of COS-L 1 mg/mL and DSW with various hardness have not shown cytotoxicity on MDAMB- 231 cells in MTT assay, and also VEGF expression induced by TPA was significantly decreased in a range of 0.05 to 3 mg/ mL of COS-L. DSW of more than hardness 400 enhanced the COS-L-mediated inhibition of VEGF expression. In the case of VEGFR-1 and R-2, DSW of more than hardness 200 and 400 significantly increased the COS-L-mediated inhibition of VEGFR expressions, respectively. These results indicate that DSW improves the inhibitory effect of COS-L on the expressions of VEGF and its receptors. Therefore using together DSW and COS-L is effective for prevention of breast cancer by down-regulating the expressions of VEGF and its receptors that leads to inhibiting angiogenesis.

저분자 키토산올리고당이 유방암 촉진효소에 미치는 영향

이규식 ( Kyu Shik Lee ),신진선 ( Jin Sun Shin ),남경수 ( Kyung Soo Nam ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2011 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.16 No.2

The effects of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (COS-L, MW<1,000 Da) on cancer promotion and metastasis in human breast cancer cell were investigated. In a concentration range of 0.05 to 3 mg/mL, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an important enzyme in prostaglandins biosynthesis from cellular arachidonic acids, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) protein expression were down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. Transcription of aromatase which catalyzes the production of aromatic estrogen from androgen was also inhibited by COS-L. These results suggest that cancer promotion and metastasis of human breast cancer cell may be prevented by COS-L through down-regulation of COX-2 and ODC protein expression and aromatase transcription. Present investigation provides important information that COS-L should use as a cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic material in breast cancer.