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박지욱 대한신경과학회 2009 대한신경과학회지 Vol.27 No.2
Since Willis described ‘fatigable weakness’ in 1672, most physicians consider it as a kind of hysteria due to the inconsistent fluctuation of symptoms. Erb presented three cases of ‘bulbal palsy’ in the 1870s, and Oppenheim and Hopper considered myasthenia gravis as a disease similar to curare poisoning and as a disease induced by attack of the motor centers by intrinsic toxins, respectively. In 1903, Elliot suggested that a ‘chemical substance’ mediates the nerve impulses at synapse. However, it was not until 1921 that this was demonstrated by Loewi, who provided evidence from the famous two-frog-hearts experiment. Dale later revealed the substance to be acetylcholine, and he also suggested that myasthenia gravis is due to a problem with the motor end plate. In 1934, Walker was prompted by the resemblance between myasthenia gravis and curare poisoning to apply physostigmine, a curare-poisoning antidote, to a patient, which produced a dramatic result. Since then the use of anticholinesterase inhibitors has been adopted for standard therapeutic modality. Some prominent surgeons have also applied thymectomy as a surgical modality. The most recent focus of myasthenia gravis has been immunological. In 1960, Simpson proposed the autoimmune hypothesis, and Chang et al. showed that snake venom contained a selective antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, α-bungarotoxin. The immunization of rabbits with acetylcholine receptor purified from the electrical organs of electric eels by Patrick et al. induced myasthenic symptoms and signs, and these were reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The role of the autoimmune system has led to the introduction of an immunosuppressive modality and plasma exchange to the field of clinical neurology. Since Willis described ‘fatigable weakness’ in 1672, most physicians consider it as a kind of hysteria due to the inconsistent fluctuation of symptoms. Erb presented three cases of ‘bulbal palsy’ in the 1870s, and Oppenheim and Hopper considered myasthenia gravis as a disease similar to curare poisoning and as a disease induced by attack of the motor centers by intrinsic toxins, respectively. In 1903, Elliot suggested that a ‘chemical substance’ mediates the nerve impulses at synapse. However, it was not until 1921 that this was demonstrated by Loewi, who provided evidence from the famous two-frog-hearts experiment. Dale later revealed the substance to be acetylcholine, and he also suggested that myasthenia gravis is due to a problem with the motor end plate. In 1934, Walker was prompted by the resemblance between myasthenia gravis and curare poisoning to apply physostigmine, a curare-poisoning antidote, to a patient, which produced a dramatic result. Since then the use of anticholinesterase inhibitors has been adopted for standard therapeutic modality. Some prominent surgeons have also applied thymectomy as a surgical modality. The most recent focus of myasthenia gravis has been immunological. In 1960, Simpson proposed the autoimmune hypothesis, and Chang et al. showed that snake venom contained a selective antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, α-bungarotoxin. The immunization of rabbits with acetylcholine receptor purified from the electrical organs of electric eels by Patrick et al. induced myasthenic symptoms and signs, and these were reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The role of the autoimmune system has led to the introduction of an immunosuppressive modality and plasma exchange to the field of clinical neurology.
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박지욱 ( Ji Wook Park ) 대한당뇨병학회 2009 임상당뇨병 Vol.10 No.3
Diabetes mellitus (DM), considered as a modern disease, has a long history. Mellitus, meaning "honey" in Latin, makes a reference to the sweet taste of the urine, which has been discovered first by the ancient Indians during the early times. Meanwhile, the western medical pioneers confirmed the discovery with their observations of excess urine. Then, beginning with the discovery of glycosuria in 1800s, Langerhans discovered the "islet cells" in 1869 followed by Minkowski team`s discovery that pancreactemized dog develops DM. After the successful thyroid hormonal replacement for myxedema, many medical experts tried to follow the steps, but all failed until 1921; the first complete success was achieved by Banting and McCleod with administration of pure extract of insulin from bovine pancreas. Thereafter, diverse type of insulin preparations were developed steadily to overcome their own flaws and to be acquainted to human`s sugar-controlling physiology. Oral hypoglycemic agents were known incidentally from the side effects of antimicrobial. As far as the solutions are concerned, therapeutical modalities, transplantation, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and more suitable solutions are expected to be noticed and studied in the future. (Korean Clinical Diabetes J 10:176-184, 2009)
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박지욱(PARK Jiwook) 大韓醫史學會 2010 醫史學 Vol.19 No.1
After the outbreak of the Korean war, the Kingdom of Sweden, a permanent neutral nation, dispatched the Swedish Red Cross Field Hospital(SRCFH) instead of armed forces for humanitarian support to the allied forces in South Korea. The Hospital consisted of about 170 Swedes, all volunteers. From the early part of the Korean War, SRCFH took part in the medical assistance in Busan. When the frontline advanced to northern Korea, the number of inflowing casualties to this field hospital decreased. At that time, earnest medical aid for civilians commenced, and many Koreans were treated in available beds in SRCFH. After the armistice in July 1953, SRCFH became the Swedish Hospital in Busan, serving not only the military but also civilians, and continued its humanitarian mission until April 1957 for the Korean who were suffering from a collapsed medical system in the midst of war. When the Hospital returned to Sweden, it had treated over two million patients from twenty countries, including wounded UN allied force, Korean (south and north), Chinese prisoner of war and Korean civilian. Moreover, it left a transformative legacy, the National Medical Center in Seoul which was established in collaboration with other Scandinavian countries who dispatched medical assistance during the Korean War.
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박지욱(Jiwook Park),강승우(Seungwoo Kang) 한국통일교육학회 2023 통일교육연구 Vol.20 No.1
본 연구는 남한에 정착한 북한이탈주민 대상 건강교육 중재연구의 동향을 파악하고 교육의 개발, 수행, 평가과정을 분석하여 향후 연구를 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. PRISMA-ScR 지침에 따라 주제범위 문헌고찰을 실시하였고, PRECEDEPROCEED 8단계 모형에 근거하여 북한이탈주민 건강교육의 각 단계를 분석하였다. 국내외 데이터베이스에서 1997년부터 2022년까지 발간된 459개 문헌을 검색하여 최종 8편이 선정되었다. 북한이탈주민의 건강교육 중재연구는 그 수가 적고 양적 연구방법에 집중되어 있어 연구 활성화와 더불어 방법론적 한계를 극복하는 질적향상이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 북한이탈주민의 건강교육 기획 시 고려할 점으로, 첫째, 진단과정에서는 문헌고찰을 넘어 대상자의 의견을 충분히 수렴하고, 지식을 건강행태로 연결시키기 위한 촉진요인과 강화요인도 파악해야 한다. 둘째, 평가단계에서는 과정평가와 장기적인 효과평가를 강화하고 평가방법을 다각화해야 한다. 셋째, 단편적인 교육보다는 지속적인 건강정보와 상담창구를 제공할 수 있는 포괄적 중재를 추구해야 한다. 북한이탈주민의 특수성을 잘 반영한 건강교육 중재연구 결과가 이들의 국내 정착을 위한 건강관리 지원체계 마련에 충분히 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다. This scoping review identified trends in research on health education interventions for North Korean defectors in South Korea and analyzed the intervention process to provide evidence for developing future interventions. The scoping review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines, and the PRECEDE-PROCEED model was used to analyze the design, implementation, and evaluation of health education interventions. The review included eight studies out of 459 identified through five databases from January 1997 to December 2022. The trend showed that studies were scarce and quantitative–focused. Therefore, it is necessary to promote research and overcome methodological limitations to improve the research quality. The process analysis found that interventions need to be tailored to the specific needs of North Korean defectors, considering enabling and reinforcing factors to translate knowledge into healthy behavior. The evaluation phase should employ a variety of methods and strengthen both process and outcome evaluations. Lastly, interventions should pursue integrated health education to provide continuous health information and counseling channels. The results of this review can be utilized to improve the design, implementation, and evaluation of health education interventions and settlement support for the health of North Korean defectors in South Korea.
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