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박승현,정지연,유장진,이나루,유일재,송경석,이용학,한정희,김성진,박정선,정호근 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3
The EDXRF(energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec=trometer) technique was applied to the determination of heavy metals in welding fume. The EDXRF method designed in this study was a non-destructive analysis method. Samples were analyzed directly by EDXRF without any pre-treatment such as digestion and dilution. The samples used to evaluate such as digestion and dilution. the samples used to evaluate this method were laboratory samples exposed in a chamber connected with a welding fume generator. The samples were first analyzed using a non-destructive EDXRF method. The samples subsequently were analyzed using AAS method to verify accuracy of the EDXRF method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the non-destructive analysis of heavy metals in welding fume by EDXRF. The results of this study were as follow: 1. When the samples were collected under the open-face sampling condition, a surface distribution of welding fume particles on sample filters was uniform, which made non-destructive analysis possible. 2. The method was statistically evaluated according to the NIOSH(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) and HSE(Health and Safety Executive) Method. 3. The overall precision of the EDXRF method was calculated at 3.45% for Cr, 2.57% for Fe and 3.78% for Mn as relative standard deviation(RSD), respectively. The limits of detection were calculated at 0.46 ㎍/sample for Cr, 0.20 ㎍/sample for Fe and 1.14 ㎍/sample for Mn, respectively. 4. A comparison between the results of Cr, Fe, Mn analyzed by EDXRF and AAS was made in order to assess the accuracy of EDXRF method. The correlation coefficient between the results of EDXRF and AAS was 0.9985 for cr, 0,995 for Fe and 0.9982 for Mn, respectively. The overall uncertainty was determined to be ±12.31% , 8.64% and 11.91% for Cr, Fe and Mn, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that Cr, Fe, Mn in welding fume were successfully analyzed by the EDXRF without any sample pre-treatment such as digestion and dilution and a good correlation between the results of EDXRF and AAS was obtained. It was thus possible to use the EDXRF technique as an analysis method of working environment samples. The EDXRF method was an efficient method in a non-destructive analysis of heavy metals in welding fume.
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박승현(朴??) 중앙대학교 중앙철학연구소 2017 철학탐구 Vol.46 No.-
철학상담이 철학을 다시 한 번 인간의 고통을 완화시키는데 초점을 맞추어 그 구체적인 실천의 방법론을 모색하는 것이라고 한다면, 그 시작점은 바로 내담자로 하여금 스스로 질문할 수 있도록 도와주는 데에서 있다. 철학적 질문, 즉 철학적 실천은 현재의 자아에 대한 반성을 통한 자기개혁을 수반하는 것이다. 자기 개혁의 과정 속에 바로 ‘치유’의 의미를 담고 있다. 동양철학에서 강조하고 있는 수양론은 바로 자기치유의 과정이고, 보다 높은 삶의 가치를 실현하는 도야의 과정이라고 할 수 있다. 인간의 삶을 한 단계 도약하기 위해서는 반드시 자기를 돌아보고, 자신의 개혁하는 과정이 필수적인 것이다. 그래서 언제나 ‘수양修養’ 즉 ‘실천’의 문제가 대두되고, 항상 ‘실천’의 방법론을 거론하고 있다. 바로 이 지점에서 동양의 수양론과 철학상담치료가 만나는 지점이라고 할 수 있다. 장자는 “우리는 왜 자유롭지 못한가?”라는 질문에서 출발한다. 인간이 자유롭지 못한 상황을 고통으로 이해한다. 그는 이러한 고통의 원인을 마음에서 찾고 있다. 장자는 마음을 인심人心(成心)과 道心으로 나눈다. 성심成心은 장자의 고유한 개념으로 ‘선입관’ ‘편견’ 등의 의미를 가지고 있다. 이러한 인심과 성심에 근거하게 되면 인간은 각자 자신의 삶의 기준에 의하여 시비 분별을 하게 되고, 그것에 따라 의견의 차이, 가치관의 차이가 일어나서 분간이 생겨나게 되고, 결국 삶의 고통에 이르게 된다. 이러한 고통에서 벗어나기 위해서는 인심에서 도심으로 전환을 요구하게 된다. 이것은 관점의 전환을 요구한다. 수양은 일차적으로 이러한 일상적인 마음, 즉 습심習心(habitual mind)에서 거리두기를 하고, 자기중심적 사고로 자동 전환되는 것을 막는 것이다. 그리고 여기서 한걸음 더 나아가면, 수양을 통해 우주와 자연과 하나가 된 나를 발견하는 것이다. 우주와 하나 된 나를 발견하는 과정으로 장자는 ‘심재(心齋)’ ‘좌망(坐忘)’ ‘조철(朝徹)’의 방법을 제시한다.
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자동차 프레스 공정에 있어서 직무 및 누적소음기 설정치 차이에 따른 작업자의 소음노출 평가
정지연,박승현,이광용,이나루,유기호,박정선,정호근 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3
Noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) was the highest rate(43.5%∼58.5% from 1996 to 1998) of positive findings through specific medical program in Korea. There were much more NIHL at workers of automobile manufacturing factories than other manufacturing factories. The specific aim of the present study was to determine the noise exposure of automobile press lines, according to their job titles, press line types(auto, semiauto), dosimeter parameters setting. There were a total 11 press lines sampled at a automobile manufacturing company. Among those press lines, 10 press lines were autolines with acoustic enclosure, one semiauto press line was no aucostic enclosure Noise exposure data were sampled for an work shift using noise dosimeter, which recorded both time-weighted average(TWA) and 1-min average. The mean OSHA TWA(Korea TWA with threshold 90) was 80.7 ㏈(A) ±4.7 ㏈(A) for leader, 82.8 ㏈(A) ±4.5 ㏈(A) for pallette man. 76.7 ㏈(A) ±4.3 ㏈(A) for press operators, 76.6 ㏈(A) ±5.6 ㏈(A) for crane operators, 77.1 ㏈(A) ±2.8 ㏈(A) for forklift drivers, whereas the mean NIOSH TWA was 88.9 ㏈(A) ± 1.7㏈(A) for leader, 89.6 ㏈(A) ±21.㏈(A) for pallette man, 86.7㏈(A) ±1.8㏈(A) for press operators, 88.5 ㏈(A) ±2.0 ㏈(A) for crane operators, 87.7 ㏈(A) ±1.0 ㏈(A) for forklift drivers. While L10 for NIOSH TWA samples was 84.8 ㏈(A) ∼ 87.3 ㏈(A), L10 for OSHA TWA samples was 69.5 ㏈(A) ∼ 77.4 ㏈(A). L10 means that the TWA for 90% of the samples exceeded L10. Among OSHA TWA(Korea TWA with threshold 90) samples for pallette man, 7.7 % exceeded 90 ㏈(A), the OSHA permissible exposure level, but OSHA TWA samples for the other job titles didn't. Among NIOSH TWA samples, the samples over 85 ㏈(A), the NIOSH recommended exposure limit, was 100%(leaders), 83.3 %(operators), 97.4%(pallette man), 100%(forklift drivers), 91.7 %(crane operator). The results of One-way random effects analysis of variance models shows that the difference between job titles was significant by OSHA TWA(p<0.05), but not significant by NIOSH TWA(p>0.05). NIOSH TWA samples were significantly higher than OSHA TWA samples(P<0.05). Regression analysis was used to obtain relationships between OSHA TWA samples and NIOSH TWA samples. In this case the coefficient of determination = 0.09, which shows the high degree association between two methods. Regression equation, NIOSH TWA = 0.552 * OSHA TWA + 42.13 ㏈(A), shows that if OSHA TWA is known, NIOSH TWA can be predicted by the equation. The mean TWA difference between threshold 80dBA and 90dBA was significant(p<0.01). While the TWA noise exposures were 7.7% above the Korea(OSHA) PEL, they were more than 83.3% over NIOSH REL. Automobile workers were exposed to noise level that could be potentially damaging to their hearing. It found that their approximately 25% excess risk of hearing loss even if a worker is protected to the PEL in according to NIOSH study. So these data demonstrate the need of engineering control for noise reduction of press line and comprehensive hearing conservation programs for whole workers(press operator, crane operator, forklift driver). The Noise measurement criteria of Korea has no definition about threshold value. So I suggest that we should set the threshold set the threshold value by law.
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폐암 발생 용접공의 유해물질 노출 평가 및 폐암 원인에 관한 고찰
신용철,박정선,최정근,이나루,이광용,권은혜,정호근,박승현,이용학,유기호 한국산업위생학회 2000 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.10 No.1
The purpose of this case study is to report a case of lung cancer with exposure to welding fumes of welders in Korea and to demonstrate the causal relationship with exposure to welding fumes, especially with nickel and hexavalent chromium. The case is 47 years old, and had been engaged in welding, gas cutting, grinding and goosing on mild, stainless steel and nickel steel for 11 years from 1982 to 1993, and have been engaged in cleaning steel rollers with a cleaning oil in the same work shop since 1993. The level of welding fume exceeded the occupational exposure limit of 5㎎/㎥ established by the Korean Ministry of Labor and American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Especially, detectable hexavalent chromium and nickel was generated during welding, gousing on stainless and nickel steel. However, there was no ventilation systems(local and dilution) and no personal protection. There is several evidence that the past (1983-1993) exposure would be higher than the present. In conclusion, the lung case could be associated with his task including welding, gousing, and this association could be attributed to carcinogenic potential of the nickel and chromium in the fume.
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송경자,박승현,조정숙,권미경,박정선,남승남,유미,김명애 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.12 No.1
Purpose: To investigate the factors that affect nurse performance and to assess the characteristics of the high ranking group nurses based on performance appraisal in a university-affiliated hospital. Method: 49 head nurses evaluated their 830 nurses under direct control using performance appraisal tool and the nurses were grouped into 3 according to the performance score ; high ranking group(upper 10%), middle ranking group(middle 80%) and low ranking group(lower 10%). The characteristics of the nurses in high ranking group were compared with other groups on personal factors, job related factors, self concept, perceived head nurse leadership and performance self evaluations. Result: In high ranking group, the nurses were more aged. The proportion of the married nurse and nurses with over master degree were high. Total hospital career and current unit career of the nurses in the high ranking group were longer than nurses in other groups and more nurses had no career working for the other hospital in the past. In the high ranking group, more nurses had part time nurse career and preceptor experiences. The performance appraisal score has positive relationship with self-concept and perceived head nurse leadership and the self-concept and perceived head nurse leadership were higher in the high ranking group. The self evaluated performance appraisal was highest in the high ranking group but the score was lower than head nurse evaluated performance appraisal score. Conclusion: Strategic retention plan is needed because more aged and careered nurses exhibited higher performance. Educational program to improve self-concept and head nurse leadership would be helpful. Encouragement to level up nurses education status is essential.
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오세민,박승현,김창일,양정선,문영한,변상훈,박인정 한국산업위생학회 1995 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.5 No.2
The airborne concentrations of the welding fumes produced during CO₂ arcwelding process at shipbuilding, shiprepairing, container manufacturing and car accessory manufacturing industry were investigated. The effects how much reduced the welding fume were checked when the portable fan was used. The results were as follows; 1. The geometric mean of welding fume concentration in shipbuilding factory was 10.05㎎/㎥. This exposure concentration was higher than other 3 manufacturing industries at 95% confidence level. 2. The sampling filters for welding fume could be digested with acid within 1 hour by microwave oven. The recoveries for investigated metal elements were all over 95%. 3. The optimal wavelength could be selected for the simultaneous analysis of 8 metal elements by ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma). 4. Noxious gases(O₃, NO₂) produced during CO₂ gas arc welding process were detected that the concentration of ozone(O₃) was less than 0.01 ppm and that of nitrogen dioxide(NO₂) was 0.01-0.03 ppm. 5. The geometric mean of welding fume particle diameter was 1.26㎛ and geometric standard deviation was 1.51 for the counts when particle analyzer(ELZONE) had been used. 6. When the portable fan had been used, the reduced percent of total welding fume for workers was about 47.8% when portable fan was applied to blow and 71.7% when to exhaust.
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