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수직 Bridgman 방법으로 성장된 CdTe {111}면의 결정학과 광발광 특성
정태수(T.S. Jeong),박은옥(E.O. Park),유평렬(P.Y. Yu),김택성(T.S. Kim),이훈(H. Lee),신영진(Y.J. Shin),홍광준(K.J. Hong) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1999 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.8 No.3(2)
수직 Bridgman 방법으로 태양전지의 CdS 적층 성장용 기판으로 쓰이는 CdTe 단결정을 성장하였다. Nakagawa 용액으로 etching한 CdTe {111}면은 피라미드 모형의 전형적인 삼각형 etch pits를 나타내었고 Cd 원자들로 구성된 {111}A면 임을 알았다. {111}A 면에 대한 광발광 측정으로부터 단지 고품질의 단결정에서만 존재하는 free exciton과 매우 강한 세기를 가진 중성 받개 bound exciton 등을 관찰하였다. 이때 중성 받개 bound exciton의 반폭치와 결합 에너지는 각각 7 meV와 5.9 meV 이였다. Haynes rule에 의해서 불순물의 활성화 에너지는 59 meV이였고 따라서 Ag나 Cu원소 등이 중성 받개 역할을 한 것으로 여겨진다. High quality CdTe single crystal for the solar cell fabrication was grown by vertical Bridgman method. The etch pits patterns of {111}surfaces of CdTe etched by Nakagawa solution was observed the {111}A composed of Cd atoms with typical triangle etch pits of pyramid mode. From the photoluminescence measurement on {111}A, we observed free exciton (E_x) existing only high quality crystal and neutral acceptor bound exciton (A˚,X) having very strong peak intensity. Then, the full width at half maximum and binding energy of neutral acceptor bound exciton were 7 meV and 5.9 meV, respectively. By Haynes rule, an activation energy of impurity was 59 meV. Therefore, the origins on impurity level acting as a neutral acceptor were associated Ag or Cu elements.
정태수,김현숙,유평렬,신영진,신현길,김택성,정철훈,이훈,신영신,강신국,정경수,홍광준,Jeong, T. S.,Kim, H. S.,Yu, P. Y.,Shin, Y. J.,Shin, H. K.,Kim, T. S.,Jeong, C. H.,Lee, H.,SHin, Y. S.,Kang, S. K.,Jeong, K. S.,Hong, K. J. 한국결정성장학회 1993 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.3 No.2
수직 2단 전기로를 제작하고 결정성장관에 꼬리관을 연결하여 seed 결정없이 승화 방법으로 CdS 결정을 성장하였다. 이때 시료부분과 성장부분의 온도차 ${\Delta}T$가 이론적인 값 $14.7^{\circ}C$와 비교해서 실험적으로 얻은 값이 $15^{\circ}C$ 로 아주 일치하는 값을 나타내었다. 이때 꼬리관의 온도를 $110^{\circ}C$로 시간당 0.38mm 정도로 빨리 결정성장관을 끌어 올려 결정을 성장하였다. 분말법의 X-선 회절무늬와 Laue 배면 반사법의 Laue 무늬로부터 성장된 결정이 육방정이고 결정성장관의 길이 방향으로 c축을 갖는 단결정임을 확인하였다. 또한 CdS 단결정은 상온에서 전자 이동도와 운반자 밀도는 각각 $316cm^2/V{\cdot}sec$와 $2.90{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$정도이였다. We has made 2-zone vertical electric furnace and has been grown CdS single crystal by sublimation method in crystal growth tube with tail tube without seed crystal for growth. While it has been growing, temperature difference ${\Delta}T$ of source and growth part has nearly agreed with theoritical value $14.7^{\circ}C$and experimental value $15^{\circ}C$ Then, crystal of best quality has been grown, when temperature of tail tube has been $110^{\circ}C$, in spite of quickly pulling up crystal growth tube a degree O.38mm per hour. The grown crystal have had hexagonal structure and single crystal with c-axis to length of crystal growth tube from X- ray diffraction pattern of powder method and Laue pattern of back reflection Laue method. Also, the mobility and carrier density from Hall effect measurement have been $316cm^2/V{\cdot}sec$ and $2.90{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$ at the room temperature, respectively.
홍광준,이상열,유상하,서상석,문종대,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,송정훈,유기수 ( K . J . Hong,S . Y . Lee,S . H . You,S . S . Suh,J . D . Moon,Y . J . Shin,T . S . Jeoung,H . K . Shin,T . S . Kim,J . H . Song,K . S . Rheu ) 한국센서학회 1993 센서학회지 Vol.2 No.1
Polycrystalline CdS thin films were grown on ceramic substrate using a chemical bath deposition method. They were annealed at various temperature and X-ray diffraction patterns were measured by X-ray diffractometer in order to study CdS polycrystal structure. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the CdS samples annealed in N₂ gas at 5500 it was found hexagonal structure whose lattice constants a_o and c_o were 4.1364 Å and 6.7129 Å, respectively. Its grain size was about 0.35 ㎛. Hall effect on this sample was measured by Van der Pauw method and studied on carrier density and mobility depending on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was likely to be decreased by piezo electric scattering at temperature range of 33K and 150K and by polar optical scattering at temperature range of 150K and 293K. We measured also spectral response, sensitivity (γ), maximum allowable power dissipation and response time on these samples.
유상하,홍광준,이상렬,신용진,이관교,서상석,김승욱,정준우,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,문종대,You S.H.,Hong K.J.,Lee S.Y.,Shin Y.J.,Lee K.K.,Suh S.S.,Kim S.U.,Jeong J.W.,Shin Y.J.,Jeong T.S.,Shin B.K.,Kim T.S.,Moon J.D. 한국결정학회 1997 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.8 No.1
[ $CuInTe_2$ ] 다결정은 수평전기로에서 합성하고, $CuInTe_2$ 단결정은 수직 Bridgman 방법으로 성장시켰다. $CuInTe_2$ 단결정의 c축에 수직 및 평행한 시료의 광전도도와 광발광특성을 293K에서 20 K의 온도영역에서 측정하였다. 측정된 광전류 봉우리로부터 구한 c축에 수직 및 평행한 시료의 에너지 띠 간격은 상온에서 각각 0.948 eV와 0.952 eV였다. 광전류 봉우리와 광발광 봉우리의 에너지차는 포논에너지이며 상온에서 c축에 수직 및 평행한 시료의 에너지차는 각각 22.12 meV와 21.4 meV였다. 또한 광전류 스펙트럼으로부터 시료의 spin-orbit 상호작용과 결정장 상호작용에 의한 가전자대의 갈라짐 ${\Delta}cr$과 ${\Delta}so$는 각각 0.046, 0.014 eV였다. [ $CuInTe_2$ ] synthesised in a horizontal electric furnace was found to be polycrystalline. Single crystals of $CuInTe_2$ were grown with the vertical Bridgman technique. The photoconductivity and photoluminescence of the crystals were measured in the temperature range 20 to 293 K. From the photocurrent peaks measured for the samples both perpendicular and parallel to c-axis, the energy band gaps of the samples were found to be 0.948 eV and 0.952 eV at room temperature respectively. The energy difference of the photocurrent and photoluminescence peaks of the samples both perpendicular and parallel to the c-axis measured at room temperature was a phonon energy, and its values were 22.12 meV and 21.4 meV respectively. The splitting of the valence band due to spin-orbit and crystal field interaction was calculated from the photocurrent spectra of the samples, The ${\Delta}cr\;and\;{\Delta}so$ are 0.046,0.014 eV respectively.