http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
1999년도 한국 신생아외과 현황 -대한소아외과학회 회원대상 전국조사(제 2 차)-
김우기,김상윤,김신곤,김인구,김재천,김현학,박귀원,박우현,송영택,오수명,유수영,이두선,이명덕,이성철,이석구,서정민,정상영,정성은,정을삼,정풍만,Kim, W.K.,Kim, S.Y.,Kim, S.K.,Kim, I.K.,Kim, J.C.,Kim, H.H.,Park, K.W.,Park, W.H.,Song, Y.T.,Oh, S.M.,Yoo, Y.S.,Lee, D.S 대한소아외과학회 2001 소아외과 Vol.7 No.1
To understand the current status of neonatal surgery in Korea, a survey was made among the 36 members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The response rate was 75 % (26 surgeons in 20 hospitals). Five hundred fifty three neonatal surgical patients treated in 1999 were analyzed. Regional numbers of patients were closely related to the regional population in most areas. Ano-rectal malformations (17 %), pyloric stenosis (16 %), Hirschsprung's disease (13 %), atresia/stenosis of the gut (11 %), esophageal atresia (8 %) were the most common anomalies treated. The majority of operations were done within the first week of life. Seventy one per cent of cases were major life threatening or so-called neonatal index cases. Over-all mortality was 8 per cent. Higher mortality was observed in patients with diaphragmatic hernia (26 %), gastro-intestinal perforation (18 %), NEC (18 %), and esophageal atresia(14 %). Higher mortality was observed in patients with extremely low birth weight (33%) and low birth weight (18 %). Associated anomalies were observed in 20 %. Prenatal ultrasound was performed in 36 per cent with sensitivity of 20 %. Result of this study was compared to the previous report (1994) and that of Japan (1998).
대한소아외과학회 회원의 1995년도 진료현황 및 수련경력 설문조사
김우기,김상윤,김신곤,김인구,김재억,김종석,김현학,박귀원,박영식,박우현,박주섭,송영택,양정우,오수명,이두선,이명덕,이석구,이성철,장수일,정성은,정풍만,최금자,최순옥,허영수,황의호,Kim, W.K.,Kim, S.Y.,Kim, S.K.,Kim, I.K.,Kim, J.E.,Kim, C.S.,Kim, H.H.,Park, K.W.,Park, Y.S.,Park, W. 대한소아외과학회 1997 소아외과 Vol.3 No.1
To understand the current status of pediatric surgical practice of the members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, a survey of the practice of the 31 members in both 1994 and 1995. Twenty five members(80%) representing 20 hospitals responded. An average of four hundred and seventy four cases pediatric surgical operations were performed at individual institution in 1995 with 40 newborn cases. Eighteen members(72%) are currently working at university hospital. Fourteen institutions(70%) are currently classified as tertiary by the health insurance agency. The majority(15 to 60%) of members are working in the metropolitan Seoul area, while five in Taegu area. Sixteen members reported having the title of department head/director. Four members reported occasional non-pediatric surgical practice. Nine members out of 20 reported having independent pediatric surgical out-patient clinic before the establishment of the association(1985). Eight out of 15 members reported being appointed chief of pediatric surgery before 1985. In 20 institutions, 34 full time physicians(27 members, reportedly) are working in pediatric surgery. In regarding to pediatric surgical training, 16 members(64%) received an average of 16 months of training abroad, 5 members trained at home and abroad, and 4 from only at home. There are no differences in length of training periods in these groups. Twenty one members received their basic pediatric surgical training before 1985, the year of inauguration of the association. Twelve members received post-pediatric surgery refresher courses averaging 11 months' duration, after 2-11 years. Thirteen participants of this study belongs to the founding members of the association.
소아외과의 지수 질환 - 대한소아외과학회 정회원을 대상으로 한 2000년도 전국 조사 -
이명덕,김상윤,김우기,김인구,김성철,김신곤,김재억,김재천,김현학,박귀원,박우현,서정민,송영택,오수명,유수영,이두선,이석구,이성철,정상영,정성은,정을삼,정풍만,조마해,Lee, M.D.,Kim, S.Y.,Kim, W.K.,Kim, I.K.,Kim, S.C.,Kim, S.K.,Kim, J.E.,Kim, J.C.,Kim, H.H.,Park, K.W.,Park, W 대한소아외과학회 2001 소아외과 Vol.7 No.2
Membership qualifications and recognition of the subspecialty training programs by the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons(KAPS) have been determined by criteria based on the number of neonatal and total pediatric surgical cases registered, since 1989 (Index cases). The numbers are based on a survey of the 14 founding members of the society by Jung et al. in 1987. The current survey is to review the present status of the index cases from 1997 to 1999 among 36 members of the KAPS. Two surveys were undertaken for this study. In the first survey, cases were collected by the registration form, composed of neonatal(N), important pediatric surgical cases (I), tumor and other similar operations(T) and other common pediatric surgical cases(O). Thirty members responded. and the result was discussed at the Topic Discussion section of the 15th Annual Congress of KAPS, 2000. The second survey analyzed additive data, proposed during discussion at the Congress. Twenty-three members responded. This report is the analysis of the both surveys. The average numbers of the cases/year/surgeon of N, I, T, O and total were 19.5, 51.8, 9.5, 77.1 and 356.5. respectively. The number of index cases(N+I+T)/year/surgeon was 80.8. The ratio of (N+I+T)/total cases was 0.3. Seventeen of 30 members have more than 20 cases of N per year. Twelve members have more than 150 cases, and 13 do more than 100 cases of I per year. Fourteen members have more than 10 cases of T per year. Nineteen and 10 members experienced more than 150 and 100 of index cases(N+I+T) per year. A new list of the index cases and coding system are proposed for the future regular update. 대한소아외과학회의 연례 행사인 2000년도 주제토의를 소아외과의 지수 질환으로 정하여 1999년 말 현재 3년 이상의 진료 실적을 가진 대한소아외과학회 정회원 36명을 대상으로 미리 작성된 조사서에 의하여 2차례의 수술 증례 수 등록을 시행하였다. 대상 환자는 1997년부터 1999년 말까지 3년간 수술이 시행된 환자로 하였으며, 1차 조사에서 30명이 응답하였고, 미비점 보완을 위한 2차 조사에는 26명이 응답하여 이 성적을 요약하였다. 본 성적을 바탕으로 향 후 대한소아외과학회의 지수 질환 대상 목록표를 작성 제시하였으며, 이를 코드화 하고자 제안하였다.
이석구,김대연,김신곤,김우기,김인구,김상윤,김성철,김재억,김재천,박귀원,박우현,서정민,송영택,오수명,오정탁,이남혁,이두선,이성철,전용순,정상영,정성은,최금자,최순옥,최승훈,한석주,Lee, Suk-Koo,Kim, D.Y.,Kim, S.G.,Kim, W.K.,Kim, I.K.,Kim, S.Y.,Kim, S.C.,Kim, J.E.,Kim, J.C.,Park, K 대한소아외과학회 2006 소아외과 Vol.12 No.1
본 조사 결과는 16개 병원에서 21명의 회원에 의해 수술 받은 환자 71명의 기록과 전체 설문응답지의 대상인 81명에 대한 설문 응답지를 후향적으로 분석한 것으로 자료로서의 정확성에 한계가 있으나 괴사성 장염이라는 질병에 대한 회원들의 전체적인 의견과 성향을 파악하는데 만족할 수 있었으며 회원들이 동일한 관심에 대하여 논의하는 과정 중에 각자의 관점을 정리하는 계기가 되었기를 기대한다. 앞으로 첨부한 설문지에 따라 환자마다 전향적으로 기술하여 학회에 등록하여 향후 괴사성장염에 대하여 다시 한번 논의하는 자리를 갖기를 바란다. A nationwide survey on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was undertaken among members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The members were required to complete a questionnaire and the case registration form for each patient during the three-year period from July 2001 to June 2004. Eighty one patients were included in the questionnaire, but only 71 patients were registered from 22 members in 16 hospitals. At the same time survey on focal intestinal perforation (FIP) was undertaken and 17 patients were registered from 11 members in 10 hospitals. Total 19,041 newborns were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit during the study period. Eighty one patients (17.27 %) were underwent surgery among 469 babies who were managed under the impression of NEC. The male to female ratio was 2.1:1. The premature were 60.6 %. The most common site of involvement was ileum. Overall and operation survival of NEC were 72 % and 79 %, respectively. The survival was lower in smaller babies, multiple segments involvement and involvement of both the small and large intestine. But there was no difference in survival according to sex or prematurity. The FIP showed very similarity with NEC in terms of incidence, and the age of diagnosis and operation. But the survival was much better and 100 %. The results showed the clinical characteristics of NEC and the trend of management in NEC in Korea. In the future we hope we can discuss about this topic in prospective manner.
급성 충수염 - 2006년 대한소아외과학회회원 대상 전국조사 -
이석구,김대연,김상윤,김성철,김신곤,김우기,김인구,김재억,김재천,박귀원,박우현,서정민,송영택,오정탁,이남혁,이두선,이명덕,이성철,장수일,전용순,정상영,정성은,정을삼,정풍만,Lee, Suk-Koo,Kim, D.Y.,Kim, S.Y.,Kim, S.C.,Kim, S.G.,Kim, W.K.,Kim, I.K.,Kim, J.E.,Kim, J.C.,Park, K.W. 대한소아외과학회 2007 소아외과 Vol.13 No.2
본 조사 결과는 21개 병원에서 수술 받은 환자 476명의 기록에 대한 전향적인 분석과 23명의 회원에 대한 설문 응답지에 의한 것이다. 미리 환자등록지를 배부하여 6개월 간 전향적으로 기록한 것으로 그 의의가 크다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 전향적 연구계획에 의한 것이 아니므로 통계적인 비교는 시도하지 않았고 급성충수염에 대한 회원들의 전체적인 의견과 성향을 파악하는데 중심을 두었다. 복강경수술은 아직 전체 충수절제술의 30 %에 못 미치고 있으나 설문지에 답한 회원 약 50 %가 복강경 충수절제술을 시행하고 있으며 이 숫자는 계속 증가할 것으로 보인다. 그러나 복강경수술의 결과는 아직 개복수술과 크게 차이가 없는 것으로 보인다. 한편 단순충수염에 대한 예방적 항생제투여 방법과 기간 등에 대한 설문결과에 큰 차이가 있어 이에 대한 학회 중심의 논의가 필요하다고 생각한다. A nationwide survey on acute appendicitis (AAP) was undertaken among members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The members were required to complete a questionnaire and the case registration form for each patient during the 6 months period from the $1^{st}$ October, 2005 to $31^{st}$ March, 2006. Questionnaires were collected from 23 members. Four hundred seventy six patients were registered from 21 hospitals where the members were working. The male to female ratio was 1.67:1. Average age was 9 years and 5 months (range 21 months-20 years). Operations were performed on average 10.4 hours (range 1-230 hours) from arrival at hospital. The average operation time was 59.1 minutes. The average admission days were 5.8 days (range 2-45 days). The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (95.1 %), vomiting (50.6 %) and fever (43.7%). The average duration of symptoms was 42.2 hours (range 1 hour-22 days). Leukocytosis (WBC count > 10,000) was found in 85.9%. The most popular diagnostic tools were ultrasonography and CT. Open surgery was performed in 72.1 % and laparoscopic surgery in 27.5 %. Two laparoscopic surgeries were converted to open surgery (0.4 %). Simple appendicitis was found in 54.5 % and complicated appendicitis such as abscess, gangrenous change and perforation in 45.5%. According to the questionnaires 12 hospitals were performing open surgery only in all patients. Four hospitals were performing laparoscopic surgery in all patients. Seven hospitals are performing both surgical methods according to surgeon or occasion. Regarding the use of antibiotics in acute appendicitis, three kinds of antibiotics were used in 40 % of total simple appendicitis patients. The results showed the trend of management in acute appendicitis in Korea. Especially it is necessary for the members to discuss the use of antibiotics for prophylaxis in the simple appendicitis.
김진미,차승준,전승협,고광원,정연정,김강호,정성인,Kim, J.M.,Cha, S.J.,Jeon, S.H.,Koh, K.W.,Jeong, Y.J.,Kim, K.H.,Jung, S.I. 한국전자통신연구원 2017 전자통신동향분석 Vol.32 No.4
대규모 고성능 컴퓨팅 시스템에서 경량커널은 전통적으로 계산 노드에 탑재되어 특정 연산만을 수행한다. 특히 경량커널은 병렬 프로그램을 실행함에 있어 성능을 최대한 끌어올리기 위하여 자원 간의 간섭을 최소화할 수 있도록 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 최근에는 수천 개의 코어가 장착된 고성능 컴퓨팅 환경은 병렬프로그램뿐만 아니라 일반 응용 및 대규모 분산 응용에서도 필요하다. 고성능 컴퓨팅 환경에서는 매니코어와 메모리 자원이 늘어남에 따라 성능 확장성을 요구하는 현실적인 운영체제의 구조로서 경량커널과 리눅스를 같이 실행하는 멀티커널 구조를 선호하고 있다. 본고에서는 이러한 선행연구를 소개하고 매니코어 시스템에서 활용되는 최근 경량커널의 동향에 대해 살펴본다.