고로슬래그 미분말과 순환 잔골재 및 기능성 미분말을 사용한 무 시멘트 벽돌개발

김대건 청주대학교 2013 국내박사

ABSTRACT Development of Zero-Cement Brick Using Blast Furnace Slag Powder, Recycled Fine Aggregates and Functional Fine Particle Today, the enormous amount of construction waste generated at the last stage of the life cycle of concrete structures affects the global environment so much. Hence, it is required domestically and internationally to transform the construction industry to an environment-friendly structure to build a Green Growth system that will realize the sustainable development with a less environmental load. Therefore, this research considers the Zero Cement Brick that uses no cement at all but only Blast Furnace Slag Powder (hereafter referred to as BS) and Recycled Aggregates (hereafter referred to as RA). As a quality improvement plan of mortar that will be used to produce the Zero Cement Brick, this research examines the quality improvement effect in accordance with varying functional fine particle species and the substitution. And, by proposing the optimal application plan through this, this research intends ultimately to contribute to reducing the CO2 emission by significantly reducing the cement usage, and also to contribute to developing the environment-friendly resource recycle application technology that recycles waste and the economical technology that will solve the resource shortage issue and the energy issue. Hence, as functional fine particles for mortar, to develop the Zero Cement Brick, we use many materials such as Fine Particle Cement (hereafter referred to as FC) that was separated with high fineness from the cement manufacture process, Waste Gypsum (hereafter referred to as WG) that is created as a by-product in the fertilizer manufacture process, Recycled Aggregates Powder (hereafter referred to as RP) that is the collected dust in the RA manufacture process, Firing Recycled Aggregates Powder (hereafter referred to as FRP) that is the plasticized dust of the RA manufacture process, and Emulsion Waste Oil (hereafter referred to as EWO). These are mixed in a certain substitution with respect to BS, for the purpose of activating hydration reaction and alkali stimulation. Then, we tried to analyse the characteristics at the aspect of compressive strength and absorption ratio, which are quality specifications of mortar products like Brick. We also tried to draw the optimal mixing ratio for the resource recycling Zero Cement Brick production, through a brick mock-up test with W/B variation, EWO substitution, and the complex-substitution of Crush Fine Aggregates (hereafter referred to as CA) and RA. The result of experiment can be summarized as follows: 1) Because of the non-hardening characteristic of the mortar, to be used for producing the RA-using BS Brick, the flow value decreased as the mixing ratio increased, but increased as the FC & WO substitution increased while showed a decreasing trend for cases of WG, RP, FRP. The air amount grew as the mixing ratio increased, and, decreased as the functional fine particle substitution increased except WG. 2) The mortar compressive strength showed, for the standard curing, a slightly overall decreasing trend as the mixing ratio increased. And, the strength increased as the FC and WG substitution increased while showing a decreasing trend for cases of RP and FRP. As the WO substitution increased, the strength increased at the mixing ratio of 1 : 7, but showed a decreasing trend again for other mixing ratios. In the case of vapor curing, higher strength was exhibited than in the standard curing, but a similar trend of strength was confirmed. 3) The mortar absorption ratio showed an increasing trend overall as the mixing ratio increased. As the FC, RP, FRP substitution increased, it showed a decreasing trend because the fine particles fill the internal gaps, but it was a little higher for the WG case. In the case of WO, as the substitution increased, the absorption ratio showed a substantially dropping trend, because of the gap filling effect caused by saponification. 4) As for the W/B variation, the compressive strength of the RA-using BS Brick showed an increasing trend as the W/B increased to 35%, but above 35 % it showed a decreasing trend, while the absorption ratio showed the opposite trend to the compressive strength, exhibiting the lowest absorption ratio at W/B 35 %. The absorption ratio failed to satisfy the requirement at all levels because of the high absorption ratio of RA. The compressive strength showed a decreasing trend as the EWO substitution increased, irrespective of the material age, and satisfied the KS compressive strength requirement at all levels. The absorption ratio showed a gradually decreasing trend, as the EWO substitution increased, because of the gap filling effect caused by saponification, and satisfied the absorption ratio requirement at EWO above 1 %. 5) The compressive strength, in accordance with the complex-substitution of CA and EWO, satisfied at all levels the KS C-type class 2 Brick requirement. As the CA substitution varied, in the case of 3 day material age, the compressive strength was a little high at CA 20 %, but on the contrary, was high at CA 0 % in the case of 7 day material age. As the EWO substitution increased, the compressive strength showed a slightly but gradually decreasing trend, irrespective of material age. The absorption ratio decreased as the CA and EWO substitution increased, because of the decrease of RA amount and the internal gap filling effect of the Brick, and it was shown to satisfy the absorption ratio requirement at CA above 20 % and EWO above 1 %. 6) The analysis of the standard expense of a usual cement brick and the Zero Cement Brick shows that the Zero Cement Brick is able to secure both quality and economy because it gives the cost reduction of 3 573 Won per 1 000 bricks, considering the CO2 emission ratio. In summary, as a plan of safety rate secure and quality improvement to apply to the Zero Cement Brick usin

인터넷 포털 검색어 기반 스포츠 관심도 지수의 준거관련 타당도

김대건 한국체육대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내석사

이 연구의 목적은 인터넷 포털 검색어를 활용한 스포츠 관심도 지수가 대중들의 스포츠 관심도를 나타내는 지수로써 적절하게 반영하고 있는지 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 연구의 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스포츠 관심도 지수와 다른 변수들간의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 둘째, 스포츠 관심도 지수의 종목간 순위와 다른 변수들의 종목간 순위의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 셋째, 종목별 스포츠 관심도 지수가 평소보다 높게 나타난 지점을 찾기위해 기준점인 이슈 포인트를 설정하고 이슈 포인트보다 높게 나타나는 주차의 이슈를 확인하였다. 이를 위해 2020년 6월 1주차부터 2021년 7월 4주차까지 61개의 주차별 스포츠 관심도 지수와 스포츠 키워드별 빅카인즈의 뉴스 보도량, 썸트렌드의 SNS 언급량과 유튜브 조회수 자료를 수집하였다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 연구내용 1번과 2번은 Pearson의 적률 상관관계와 Spearman의 등위차 상관관계 분석을 실시하였고 연구내용 3번은 표준점수 Z스코어를 활용하여 이슈 포인트를 설정하고 이슈 포인트보다 높게 나타난 주차의 이슈를 확인하기 위해 언론기사 기반 키워드 분석을 실시하였다. 이 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스포츠 관심도 지수와 다른 변수들과의 상관관계를 알아본 결과, 뉴스 보도량, SNS 언급량, 유튜브 조회수 모두 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계로 나타났다. 다음 종목별로 분류하여 상관관계를 알아본 결과 뉴스 보도량은 14개 종목 중 10개의 종목, SNS 언급량은 14개 종목 중 11개의 종목이 통계적으로 유의한 정적 상관관계로 나타났다. 반면 유튜브 조회수는 14개 종목 중 6개 종목만이 통계적으로 유의한 정적 상관관계로 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠 관심도 지수의 종목간 순위와 다른 변수들의 종목간 순위 상관관계를 알아본 결과, 뉴스 보도량, SNS 언급량, 유튜브 조회수 모두 통계적으로 유의한 높은 정적 상관이 나타났다. 다음 주차별로 분류하여 순위 상관관계를 알아본 결과, 뉴스 보도량은 총 61주차 중 47주차, SNS 언급량은 총 61주차 중 60주차, 유튜브 조회수는 총 61주차 중 45주차가 통계적으로 유의한 정적 상관관계로 나타났다. 셋째, 스포츠 관심도 지수가 평균적인 지수보다 높게 나타난 주차의 이슈를 분석해본 결과 배구는 학교폭력, 올림픽과 같은 키워드의 빈도가 높게 나타났으며 야구는 한화 이글스의 연패 기록, 올림픽과 같은 키워드의 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 축구는 국가 대표팀 경기, 올림픽 대표팀 경기에 관한 키워드의 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 이 연구에서는 스포츠 관심도 지수를 다양한 변수들과의 상관관계를 확인하고 이슈를 확인하여 스포츠 관심도 지수가 타당하게 스포츠 관심도를 나타냈는지 분석하였다. 이를 통해 스포츠 관심도 지수가 대중들의 스포츠 관심도를 적절하게 반영하고 있다는 것을 확인하였으며 스포츠 관심도 지수가 실용적이고 적절한 관심도 지수로 확장되는데 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the sports trend index used by internet searching is valid. The research is divided into three parts of achieve its purpose. The first research is correlation between the sports trend index and other variables was confirmed. Second, the correlation between the ranking of sports trend index and the ranking of other variables was confirmed. Third, to find out the points where the sports trend index is higher than usual, the issue point is set to confirm the issue a weekly higher than the issue point. To this end, from the first week of June 2020 to the fourth week of July 2021, 61 sports trend indexes, news reports of BIG KINDS by sports keyword, SNS mentions by Some trend, and YouTube views were collected. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, Study Contents No. 1, 2 is Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank-order correlation were analyzed, and Study Contents No. 3 set issue points using standard scores and conducted news-based keyword analysis on week. The research results are as follows. First, the correlation between the sports trend index and other variables shows that news reports, exposure in SNS, and YouTube views are statistically significant. According to the results, 10 out of 14 news reports and 11 out of 14 exposures in SNS are statistically significant static correlations. On the other hand, only six out of 14 YouTube views have statistically significant static correlations. Second, the correlation between the ranking of sports events about the sports trend index and other variables shows that statistically significant for news reports, exposure in SNS, and YouTube views. According to the results, 47 out of 61 in the news reports, 60 out of 61 in the SNS, and 45 out of 61 in the Youtube on a weekly were statistically significant. Third, as a result of analyzing weekly issues where the sports trend index was higher than the average index, volleyball showed that the frequency of keywords such as school violence and the Olympics was high. baseball has a high frequency of keywords such as the Hanwha Eagles losing streak and the Olympics. The relation with soccer has a high frequency of keywords closed to the national team and the Olympic team. In conclusion, The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the sports trend index used by internet searching is valid. It can be confirmed that the sports trend index adequately reflects the public's sports trend, and could be used as basic data to expand the sports trend index to a practical and appropriate trend index.

테크노스트레스의 유발요인과 완화요인 및 테크노스트레스와 반생산성의 관계에 관한 연구

김대건 한양대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사

본 연구는 테크노스트레스의 유발요인과 반생산성에 미치는 테크노스트레스의 영향, 그리고 유발요인과 테크노스트레스의 관계에서 자기효능감과 기술지원의 조절효과를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 우선 테크노스트레스, 유발요인, 완화요인 그리고 반생산성에 대한 체계적인 문헌 고찰을 실시하여 이론적 논리를 확립하였다. 다음으로 실증연구를 위한 연구모형과 연구가설을 설정하고 이에 적합한 연구를 설계하였다. 본 연구는 2019.2.~2019.3에 걸친 설문조사를 통해 타당성이 확보된 620개의 자료를 대상으로 실증분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유발요인은 테크노스트레스에 유의한 영향을 미친다. 전반적으로 조직분위기와 역할모호성은 테크노스트레스에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 즉, 개방적인 조직분위기 상황에서 테크노스트레스는 높아지며, 또한 역할모호성이 높으면 테크노스트레스는 높아지게 된다. 둘째, 테크노스트레스는 반생산적 과업행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 즉, 테크노스트레스가 높아지면 반생산적 과업행동이 강화된다. 조직 구성원이 인식하는 테크노스트레스가 높아지면, 구성원의 생산현장에서 반생산적 행동이 강화된다. 셋째, 유발요인과 테크노스트레스 사이의 관계에서 개인 차원의 자기효능감은 조절효과를 지니며, 조직 차원의 기술지원은 완화작용이 유의하지 않다. 마지막으로, IT와 비IT 사업장에 따라 유발요인, 테크노스트레스, 완화요인, 반생산성 변수에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유발요인과 테크노스트레스의 관계, 테크노스트레스와 반생산성의 관계, 완화요인의 조절효과 등에서 IT사업장과 비IT사업장에 따라서 유의한 차이가 발견되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 일부의 시사점을 제공한다. 이론적 측면에서 핵심직무특성, 역할모호성, 대인관계, 조직분위기와 같은 다양한 요인이 테크노스트레스를 유발할 수 있다는 것을 제시하였다. 또한 이러한 테크노스트레스가 초래하는 반생산성은 테크노스트레스에 의해서 발생된다고 제시하였다. 실무적인 측면에서는 유발요인으로부터 발생되는 테크노스트레스를 완화시키기 위해서는 자기효능감을 관리 및 이에 따른 개인적 측면에서의 대응이 필요하다는 것을 실무적 시사점으로 제공하고 있다. The purpose of this study is to examine the inducing factors of technostress, to investigate the effects of technostress on counter-productivity, and to find the moderating effects of both self-efficacy and technical assistance on the relationship between inducing factors and technostress. For the purpose of this study, the theoretical basis is established by the related previous studies on technostress, inducing factors of technostress, mitigating factors, and counter-productivity. Next both a study model and hypotheses were set up for an empirical study, and a study design was made. An empirical study was made by using 620 data with reliability from survey done from 2019.2 to 2019.3. The empirical results are reported as belows. Firstly, the effects of the inducing factors on technostress are statistically significant. Both group atmosphere and role ambiguity positively affect on technostress. That is, active group atmosphere and ambiguous role increases technostress. Secondly, technostress positively affects Counterproductive Work Behavior. That is, technostress of employees increases Counterproductive Work Behavior. Thirdly, self-efficacy has the moderating effect on the relationships between inducing factors and technostress, but the significance of the moderating effect of technical assistance is not shown. Finally, it was reported that the differences on inducing factors, technostress, counter-productivity, and Mitigating factors in IT and non-IT workplace were verified. And the effect of inducing factors on technostress, the effect of technostress on counter-productivity, and the moderating effects of Mitigating factors are reported as having the statistical significance on additional analyses categorizing as either IT or non-IT workplace. This study has some implications. This study, in a theoretical perspective, suggests that many factors such as job characteristics, role ambiguity, personal relations, and group atmosphere cause technostress. And also this study showed that counter-productivity is triggered by technostress. In a practical perspective, self-efficacy should be managed and technical assistance should be made in order to decrease technostress resulted from inducing factors.

50 톤급 스팀터빈 로우터 선삭용 방진구의 유정압 베어링에 관한 실험적 연구

김대건 경상대학교 융합과학기술대학원 2017 국내석사

The steam turbine rotor has the special geometry that can not be clamped by general center tool on the tail stock of lathe. The 50 ton weight must be sustained by head stock and hydrostatic steady rest. In this study, the operation conditions and side quill angle of hydrostatic pads for machining stainless steel turbine rotors were decided by the experiment in large horizontal lathes. The required pump pressure was 3 MPa and outflow rate was 15 cm3/s to maintain 10 ㎛ gap between the journal of steam turbine rotor and the hydrostatic surface of steady rest. The angle of the side quill should be 80 °in order to reduce vibration to 0.05 mm when the groove width is 15 mm and spindle speed is 30 rpm.

중고령층의 사회참여 연구 : 정치사회적 구조의 영향을 중심으로

김대건 가톨릭대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

본 연구의 목적은 국가의 정치사회적 구조(political and social system)와 중고령층의 사회참여 간의 관계를 분석하는 것이다. 노동시장정책과 함께 중고령층의 경제적 능력 활용을 위한 주요 사회정책의 대상이 되는 사회참여는 중고령층 개인의 복지수준뿐만 아니라 사회 또는 국가수준에서 긍정적인 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 다양한 선행연구는 몇 가지 주요한 한계를 보여왔다. 첫째, 사회참여가 가진 다차원적이고 복합적인 성격은 연구자가 사회참여를 불명확하게 정의하거나 관련개념들과의 경계를 불명확하게 규정하는 경향을 유발하여 왔다. 둘째, 개인의 사회참여에 영향을 미치는 구조적 요인들은 상대적으로 소홀하게 다루어져왔다. 사회참여에 대한 대부분의 선행연구들은 개인차원의 변수를 주로 분석하고 있다. 그러나 사회참여를 개인수준의 미시적 차원에서만 설명할 경우 개인의 인구사회학적 차원과 사회적․환경적 체계와의 통합적・상호적인 구조를 간과하여 체계차원의 영향을 과소평가하는 오류를 범할 수 있다. 따라서 사회참여를 개인의 행위변화와만 관련해서 설명함으로써, 사회참여를 촉진하기 위한 국가정책의 방향을 수립하는데 한계가 있었다. 사회참여를 구조적으로 설명하고자 시도한 일부 선행연구들도 있었지만, 개인의 사회참여와 다양한 체계 및 환경의 관계를 명확하게 실증적으로 분석하는 것에는 성공적이지 못했다. 셋째, 다양한 사회참여 관련 연구들은 사회참여를 결정하는 개인의 속성과 사회적 맥락 사이의 상호작용이 존재한다고 설명하고 있다. 즉 거시맥락이 중고령층의 사회참여에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 동시에 개인 수준의 하위 결정요인이 미치는 영향을 조절한다는 것이다. 사회적 환경의 영향을 고려하지 않은 개별적 분석은 각 요소 간의 관계에 대한 해석을 왜곡할 수 있다. 이 같은 경향에도 불구하고 선행연구에서는 수준 간 맥락효과를 효율적으로 드러내지 못하였다. 몇몇 선행연구에서 시도된 상호작용의 영향에 대한 검증은 상호작용 변수 선정 상의 문제가 있었다. 이와 관련하여 선행연구에서는 사회참여를 이해함에 있어 개인수준의 시각을 넘어선 구조의 중요성을 강조하면서 특히 정치사회적 구조(political and social system)에 따라 다른 양상을 보인다고 설명한 바 있다. 특히 Pancer(2015)는 사회참여의 선택에서 정치사회적 구조의 영향을 설명하기 위해 소득불평등, 정치제도 등 구체적 개념을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구는 Pancer(2015)의 논의에 기반하여 중고령층이 사회참여를 선택하는 경로에서 체계차원의 영향력을 총체적으로 확인하고자 하였으며 이를 위해 Pancer(2015)가 제시한 지표들 중 선행연구를 통해 사회참여와의 관계가 비교적 명확히 입증된 두 변수, 즉 소득불평등과 정치제도 변수를 분석에 활용하였다. 이와 함께 중고령층의 사회참여에 대한 설명력이 확인된 주요변수인 소득수준과 교육수준이 거시환경에 따라 나타내는 인과관계를 고려하여 분석에 적용함으로써 중고령의 사회참여 환경에서 나타날 수 있는 수준 간 상호작용에 대응하였다. 분석을 위해 유럽고령화연구패널조사(Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe: SHARE)를 활용하였으며 종속변수의 특성에 대응하기 위해 다층 포아송 회귀분석(Multi-Level Poisson Regression Analysis)을 분석방법으로 채택하였다. 분석결과 중고령층의 사회참여 수준을 국가별로 검증한 기초모형에서 국가수준 확률효과 분산이 통계적으로 유의미하여 중고령층의 사회참여 수준에 국가 간 차이가 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 따라 개인수준 및 국가수준의 변수를 투입한 모형에서는 선행연구와 동일한 인과관계가 확인되었다. 다만 선행연구와 달리 실업률의 증가는 중고령층의 사회참여를 증가시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 수준 간 상호작용을 확인한 결과 중고령층의 소득수준과 지니계수 간 상호작용이 유의미하였으며 교육수준의 상호작용 모형에서는 지니계수와 Gallagher 지수의 상호작용항이 모두 유의미한 것으로 확인되었다. 이 같은 결과는 국가의 정치사회적 구조가 부정적일수록 사회참여가 특정계층에 독점되는 경향을 나타냄을 의미한다. 구체적으로는 사회의 불평등 수준이 증가할수록 중고령층의 사회참여에서 소득이 갖는 영향력이 증가하며 이에 따라 사회참여가 고소득층, 고학력층의 전유되는 가치로 전락할 것이다. 동일한 시각에서 정치체제가 불합리적일수록 사회참여는 고학력층이 주도적으로 소비하는 사회적 가치가 될 것이다. 본 연구는 중고령층과 사회참여에 대한 합리적인 정의를 제공하고 중고령층의 사회참여에 영향을 미치는 국가적 특성으로서의 정치사회적 구조의 영향과 상호작용을 확인하였다는 점에서 이론적 함의를 갖는다. 더불어 본 연구의 결과는 우리나라 중고령층의 사회참여를 촉진하고 노후 소득안정성을 확보하기 위한 정책의 방향에 중요한 함의를 제공한다. 먼저 사회참여가 바람직한 어른이 수행해야 할 역할로 규범화되는 경향이 나타남에도 불구하고 우리나라의 중고령층은 안정적인 노후 소득보장체계를 제공받지 못함에 따라 현실적으로 사회참여에서 배제된다. 그리고 이것은 중고령층이 자신의 의사와 상관없이 사회참여에 배제되었음에도 불구하고 규범화된 가치로서의 사회참여에 가담하지 않았다는 사회적 비난을 감수할 수밖에 없는 모순적 상황에 처해 있음을 의미한다. 이 같은 조건에서 중고령층의 사회참여를 촉진하는 정책의 방향은 단순한 참여기회의 확대에 머무르는 것이 아니라 중고령층의 심리 정서적 욕구와 사회경제적 욕구를 동시에 대응하는 방향으로 기획되어야 한다는 것이 본 연구의 함의이다. 이와 함께 중고령층의 노후 소득안정성을 강화할 수 있는 방안의 적극적 모색이 필요하다. 먼저 중고령층의 주요 노후 소득원인 연금의 급여체계에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 연금체계에 대한 고민은 우리나라의 중고령층이 연금을 중심으로 노후준비를 해왔다는 점에서 의미가 크다. 그러나 현 시점에서 연금체계는 중고령층의 노후 생활안정을 위한 충분한 급여를 제공하지 못하며 이에 따라 다수의 중고령층은 연령 증가에 따라 노인빈곤층으로 편입될 가능성이 크다. 이 같은 상황에서 연금체계는 중고령층의 노후 소득기반을 제공하는 역할을 강화할 필요가 있다. 동시에 사회수당으로서의 기초연금의 성격 강화가 필요하다. 연금체계의 개편은 정책적 한계가 분명하며 기초연금의 강화는 이의 대안이 될 수 있다. 기초연금의 사회수당으로서의 성격을 강화함으로써 소득안정화와 함께 고령층 내의 소득불평등 완화를 동시에 꾀할 필요가 있다. 다만 기초연금이 보다 보편적인 사회수당으로서의 역할을 확보하기 위해서는 정책내용과 범위 등 추가적인 문제를 고려해야 하며 이를 위한 후속연구가 지속되어야 한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the political and social system of the country and the civic engagement of the middle & old aged people. The civic engagement, which becomes the element of major social policies for the utilization of middle & old aged people's economic capacities along with the labor market policy has known to play the positive role not only at the welfare level of the middle & old aged individuals but also at the social and national level. However, various preceeding researches have shown some major limitations. First, the multidimensional and complex characteristics of civic engagement have triggered tendencies for researchers to define the civic engagement uncertainly or to determine the boundary with related concepts vaguely. Second, structural factors that affect individual's civic engagement have treated relatively negligently. Most of preceding researches on the civic engagement primarily analyze variables in the individual level. However, if the civic engagement is explained only at the microscopic level of the individual, it can overlook the integrated & mutual structure between individual's socio-demographic view and the social and environmental system; and then, it can make a mistake that underestimates their influences. Therefore, there were limitations in establishing the direction of national policies that promotes the civic engagement by explaining civic engagement solely in relation to individual's behavior changes. There were some preceeding researches attempted to explain the civic engagement structurally; however, they were not successful in analyzing the relationship between individual's civic engagement and various systems & environments definitely and empirically. Third, various researches related to the civic engagement explain that there is an interaction between the social context and personal attribute that determines the civic engagement. In other words, it says that the macro context not only gives the direct influence on the civic engagement of the middle & old aged people but also it controls the influence of sub-determinant in the individual level at the same time. The individual analysis not considering the influence of the social environment can distort the interpretation on the relationship between each element. Despite these tendencies, it could not reveal the context effect between levels effectively in preceeding researches. The verification for the effect of interaction attempted in some preceeding researches had several problems in selecting the variables of interaction. In regard to this, preceeding researches emphasized the importance of structure beyond individual perspective in understanding civic engagement, and it explained that it shows different aspects especially according to political and social structure. In particular, Pancer(2015) proposes specific concepts, such as income inequality and political system in order to explain the influence of political and social structure in the selection of civic engagement. This study tried to comprehensively identify the influence of the system level on the middle & old aged people in determining their civic engagement based on Pancer's argument. Then, in order to do this, among indexes suggested by him, two variables that are verified their relationships with civic engagement relatively clearly through preceding researches, the income inequality and political system, were used in analysis. In addition, the causal relationship that the income level and education level present according to the macro environment, which are major variables confirmed to explain the civic engagement of the middle & old aged people, was considered. Then, by applying this to analysis, it responded to the interaction between levels that can occur when the middle & old aged people make the civic engagement. For analysis, Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe(SHARE) was used and Multi-Level Poisson Regression Analysis was adopted as an analysis method to cope with the characteristics of dependent variables. As the result of analysis, it appeared that the dispersion of stochastic effect at the national level is statistically significant in the basic model that verified the level of civic engagement of the middle & old aged people by country, so there are differences in the level of civic engagement of the middle & old aged people county-by-county. Accordingly, the same causal relationship as the preceeding research was found in the model that applied variables in the individual and national level. But, unlike preceeding researches, the increase in the unemployment rate appeared to expand the civic engagement of the middle & old aged people. As the result of confirming interactions between levels, it was found that the interaction between the income level of the middle & old aged and the GINI coefficient is significant, and in the interaction model of the education level, it was found that the interaction of GINI Index and Gallagher index are all significant. Such results imply that the more political and social structure of the nation is negative, the more civic engagement is monopolized to a certain class. In particular, the more the level of social inequality increases, the more the influence of income on the civic engagement of the middle & old aged increases. As the results, the civic engagement would be degenerated into the exclusive value of people with high level of income and education. From the same point of view, the more the political system is irrational, the more the civic engagement would be the social value that highly educated people would consume dominantly. This study has theocratical implications in that it provides a rational definition for the middle & old aged and civic engagement and it confirms the effect and interaction of the political and social structure as the national characteristic influencing the civic engagement of the middle & old aged people. In addition, the results of this study provide important implications for the direction of policies that is to promote the civic engagement of the middle & old aged in Korea and to secure the income stability of them. Although the civic engagement tends to be normed as the role that a desirable adult should carry out, the middle & old aged in Korea are actually excluded from the civic engagement as they are not provided with the stable income system in their old age. Also, this means they are in the contradictory situation unable to avoid the social criticism that they did not make civic engagement as the standardized value although they were excluded from the civic engagement regardless their intentions. Under these circumstances, the implication of this study is that the direction of policies promoting the civic engagement of the middle & old aged should not only expand their participation opportunities but also it should deal with their psychological & emotional desire and social & economic desire of at once. Therefore, it needs to actively seek ways to enhance the income stability of the middle & old aged First, it needs to consider the pension payment system, which is the major income source of the middle & old aged people. The consideration of the pension system is meaningful in that the middle & old aged in Korea have prepared for their old age centered on pensions. However, at this time, the current pension system cannot provide the enough income to live stably; accordingly, most of middle & old aged are likely to fall into the aged poor as their age increases. Under such circumstance, the pension system needs to strengthen its role in providing the basis of income for the middle & old aged people. At the same time, it needs to enhance the nature of the basic pension as the social allowance. The reorganization of the pension system has certain policy limitations, and the reinforcement of the basic pension can be an alternative to this. It needs to attempt to reduce the income inequality and stabilize the income in the elderly simultaneously by strengthening the basic pension as the social allowance. However, in order for the basic pension to secure its role as the more general social allowance, it should consider additional problems, such as the content and scope of policy, and follow-up studies should be performed continuously.

아날로그 감성을 표현한 조명조형 연구

김대건 경기대학교 2010 국내석사

As the world entered the modern society, it went through rapid developments in industrialization, information processing, and digitalization. Such phenomenon generally resulted in convenience to the daily life of human. But, negative aspects of the digital information-oriented society such as people's being cold-minded and stern to others came to the front. It was all considered to be caused by a confusion of values and pursuit of efficiency. Nowadays, modern people began to show more and more interests in natural, warm, and emotional elements around themselves. The negative aspects of the modern society are not just solved by science, and are related to psychological and emotional areas. The analogue sensitivity is opposite to the digital one, which is presented human's subjective feelings. The analogue sensitivity carries a meaning of recovering from the negative aspects of the modern society, which are concerned with psychological and emotional areas. Since each individual has different sensitivity according to one's background and memory, it is hard to define it from the objective view. The study has taken the analogue sensitivity as the past-oriented memory, which considered to be useful to regain positive psychological and emotional aspects. This study has been conducted to express emotional images through a medium which is an electric light from the field of metalwork, the plastic arts. Natural lights have very much to do with human psychology, and electric light is a proper medium to stimulate human's senses and sensibilities. With the reasons, the electric lights were chosen as a tool to express natural light. The study was divided into two parts. First, general ideas of sensitive images and the electric lights, such as meanings, peculiar properties, and history of changes were explained. Second, with the explanation from the above, a work was presented (design, production). By developing and producing the electric lights with metals, the study is expected to fulfill psychologically warm sensitivities of humans, and shed a light on regaining those feelings which are being neglected in daily life of the modern society. 현대사회는 산업화와 정보화, 디지털의 발달로 급속한 변화를 가져왔다. 이러한 변화는 인간 생활 전반에 편리함을 가져다주었다. 그러나 급속한 정보화 디지털 사회로 인한 인류 보편적인 가치관의 혼란과 효율성의 추구에서 빚어지는 인한 냉정하고 딱딱한 현대사회의 부정적인 측면도 나타나고 있다. 이에 현대인들은 자연적이며 따뜻하고 감성적인 면을 나타내는 것들에 대한 관심이 늘어나고 있다. 현대사회의 부정적인 측면은 과학기술의 면으로도 해결할 수 없는 심리적, 정서적 요인들이 나타난다. 아날로그 감성은 디지털의 반대적 개념으로 인간의 주관적인 감정으로 나타나며 현대사회에서 나타나는 부정적인 측면의 심리적, 정서적 요인을 회복하려는 의미를 지닌다. 감성은 개인의 환경과 기억에 따라 다양하고 포괄적인 성향을 지닌다. 따라서 감성은 주관적이며 객관화하기 힘든 특징을 지니고 있다. 본 연구자는 심리적, 정서적 회복을 위한 아날로그 감성을 과거지향적인 기억으로 인식하여 진행하였다. 본 논문은 금속공예라는 조형예술분야 안에서 조명이란 매개체를 통하여 감성적 이미지를 표현한 연구이다. 빛은 사람의 심리와 깊은 연관성이 있으며, 조명은 사람이 빛의 자극에 가지는 감수성과 감각적 자극을 나타내기에 가장 적절한 매개체라고 할 수 이다. 따라서 본 연구자는 빛을 표현하기 위한 수단으로 조명을 선택하였다. 연구는 크게 두 가지로 분류하여 진행하였다. 첫째, 감성이미지와 조명에 대한 일반적 고찰(개념, 특징, 변천)을 정리하여 이론적 배경을 마련하였다. 둘째, 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 작품 표현(디자인, 제작)을 하였다. 본 연구는 우리 생활에 정서적으로 따뜻하며 감성을 충족시킬 수 있는 금속제 조명 디자인 개발 및 제작이며 조명이라는 일상적인 사물 속에서 현대사회의 상실되어 가는 인간의 감성을 찾는 계기가 되길 기대한다.

스마트농업 기자재 중소기업의 해외진출성과에 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

김대건 忠南大學校 大學院 2021 국내석사

ABSTRACT* A Study on the Factors Affecting the overseas Expansion of SMEs Producing Smart Agricultural Machinery & Equipment and Materials Dae-Geon Kim Major in Agricultural Engineering Education, Graduate School of Education, Chungnam National University Daejeon, Korea (Supervised by Professor Sun-Ok Chung) In this study, a survey was conducted on the Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) that produce products related to smart agriculture incorporating IoT, which is widely used in the rural areas in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. The main results are as follows. 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏 * A thesis submitted to the committee of Graduate School, Chungnam National University in a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering conferred in August 2021. 1. Most of the survey respondents were manufacturing company workers (87.2%) and non-manufacturing company workers(12.8%), and among the companies they belong to, 77.4% had already entered overseas and 22.6% had not. 2. The reason for overseas advancement is as follows: intensifying domestic competition(48.6%), social uncertainties in the domestic market(18.5%), competitiveness of development technologies and products(15.2%), superiority of overseas market conditions in the industrial scale and support policies of advanced countries(7.8%), exploration of new markets based on enterprising corporate culture(6.6%), and the need for relocation of production bases due to increased labor costs(3.3%). 3. Among market-oriented factors, both the assessment of customer orientation and the competitor-oriented factor were positive, with a score of 3.7 or more out of 5, and the cooperative orientation was also positive with a score of 3.8 or more out of 5. 4. Among the technology-oriented factors, the assessment of technological innovation was positive, with a score of 3.6 or more out of 5, while the R&D capability factor was also positive with a score of 3.3 or more out of 5. 5. Among the CEO competency factors, the assessment of innovation and the network capability factor were positive, with 3.5 or more out of 5, while the overall score of the overseas work/education experience was very low, less than 3.0 out of 5. 6. An average of 2.93 respondents said that their overseas sales increased over the past three years, and the average number of respondents who responded to the increase in the company's operating margin and the company’s overseas market share was 2.96 and 3.00, respectively. In addition, an average of 2.96 respondents answered that they are generally satisfied with the company's overseas business performance over the past three years, and an average of 3.00 people said that the company's market perception has improved. However, the evaluation of overseas advancement performance was average or slightly lower than normal. 7. As a result of the survey on the effects of market orientation of the targeted SMEs on overseas expansion performance, it shows that the both factors of customer orientation and competitor orientation positively affect on the overseas expansion performance. In addition, it describes that not only the factors of technology innovation and competency of research development but also innovation of CEOs and their experience of overseas business and education have a positive effect on overseas expnsion performance. Based on the result of this research, when SMEs of smart agriculutral machinery and materials entering the overseas, those that have positiveness in market orientation, technology orientation, and CEO competency factors are likely to be benefited support by government and governmental organizations, such as test bed, market test, and acquisition of international standards certification. While the governments establish various systems to support SMEs, it is also expected that it will be able to help gather data on the status of SMEs.

Resource selection techniques in large-scale distributed systems for dynamic task sharing

김대건 성균관대학교 일반대학원 2012 국내석사

Large-scale distributed system provides an attractive scalable infrastructure for network applications. In such environment there exist large sets of heterogeneous and geographically distributed resources. Among numerous optional resources, selecting appropriate resources for applications is challenging and affected by many factors. The loosely coupled nature of large-scale distributed environment makes data access unpredictable and instability. Slow allocation process may offset the benefit obtained by running a job on a fast node. Besides, the operation condition of a resource provider changes rapidly. The status of job execution and computing capability of a resource provider need to be considered dynamically. In this paper we present an approach of dynamic task-sharing based on the record of previous data download and current execution status of resource providers to select the appropriate one or more providers to execute a job together. The proposed approach can also avoid single point failure and server overload problem.

우리나라 중등학교 교사의 직무만족도 요인별 비교연구 : 중학교 담임교사를 중심으로

김대건 영남대학교 교육대학원 2010 국내석사

본 연구는 우리나라 중학교 담임교사와 비담임교사의 직무만족도를 분석하여 담임교사와 비담임교사 간의 직무만족도를 비교하였다. 그리고, 담임여부 외에도 교사의 직무만족도에 영향을 미치는 배경변인들에 대해 분석하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구내용을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구는 문헌고찰과 조사연구 방법을 활용하였다. 문헌고찰을 통해 교사의 직무만족 결정요인으로 담당업무, 인간관계, 근무환경, 전문성 신장의 기회, 보상, 행정체계, 내적요인 등 일곱 가지 요인을 도출해내었다. 조사는 대구광역시와 경상북도 경산시에 소재한 중학교 교사들을 대상으로 설문지를 배부하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS-WIN프로그램(Ver 12.0)을 이용하여 영역별로 담임교사와 비담임교사 간의 평균값 차이 검증을 위해 t-검증을 실시하였다. 그리고 담임여부 외에도 영향을 미치는 배경변인들을 알아보기 위해 n-way ANOVA분석을 실시하였다. 담임교사와 비담임교사의 직무만족도를 요인별로 비교한 결과 담임교사는 담당업무와 근무환경, 전문성 신장의 기회, 보상, 행정체계 영역에서의 직무만족도는 낮았다. 인간관계와 내적요인 영역에서는 직무만족도가 보통이거나 높게 나타났다. 담임교사와 비담임교사 간의 차이로 인해 나타나는 것 뿐 아니라 다른 배경변인들에 의해서도 직무만족도가 차이가 나타났다. 나이에 따라서 인간관계와 승진, 수업지도 지원에 대한 만족도가 차이가 나타났다. 직위에 따라서는 인간관계와 행정체계, 내적요인 영역에서 만족도가 차이가 나타났다. 그리고 담당과목에 따라서 담당업무와 근무환경 영역에서 차이가 나타났다. 또 공립과 사립의 차이에 있어서는 근무환경, 보상, 행정체계 영역에서 차이가 나타났다. 교사가 자신의 직업에 보람과 긍지를 지닐 수 없다면 교사의 직무사기는 낮을 수 밖에 없으며 학교교육의 질 향상을 기대할 수 없다. 그러므로 교사가 전문직으로서 자긍심을 갖고 학생교육에 더욱 헌신할 수 있도록 사회적 지위 향상을 위한 처우개선과 직무여건 개선을 위한 부단한 연구와 제도적 장치가 필요하다. This thesis analyzes and compares the job satisfaction of homeroom teachers and that of non-homeroom teachers in middle schools in Korea. It also analyzes background factors that affect their job satisfaction regardless of whether they are homeroom teachers or not. This thesis utilized various documents and survey methods for such analyses. From a close look at the documents, the following seven factors were identified as determinants of the job satisfaction of teachers: job duties, relationships with people, work environments, opportunities to enhance one's specialty, compensations, administration systems, and internal factors. A survey was conducted on the middle school teachers in Daegu Metropolitan City and Gyeongsan City of Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. A t-test was done on the retrieved answers through SPSS-WIN (version 12.0) in order to find out the difference between the job satisfaction of the average homeroom teacher and that of the average non-homeroom teacher. N-way ANOVA analysis was also performed to find background factors in addition to the factor of whether one is a homeroom teacher or not. The comparison of the job satisfaction of homeroom teachers and that of non-homeroom teachers revealed that homeroom teachers have low job satisfaction in terms of job duties, work environments, opportunities to enhance their specialty, compensations, and administration systems. They showed medium or high job satisfaction levels in terms of their relationships with people and internal factors. Teachers showed different levels of job satisfaction depending on the background factors on top of the factor of whether they are a homeroom teacher or not. Their age also affected their level of satisfaction with their relationships with people, promotions, and class support. Their title had effects on such ares as their relationships with people, administration systems, and internal factors. The subject they teach had effects on the areas of job duties and work environments. Whether their school is public or private affected their satisfaction with work environments, compensations, and administration systems. If teachers do not feel proud of or rewarded by their job, their morales stay low and their education quality suffers. In order for teachers to feel proud as professionals and dedicate themselves more to educating students, we should continuously conduct research and establish legal systems to improve their social standing and work environments.

Comparison of two different immobilization devices for pelvic region radiotherapy in Tomotherapy

김대건 순천향대학교 2017 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 골반부위 암 환자를 대상으로 토모테라피 (Tomotherapy)의 고 에너지 전산화단층촬영 (megavoltage computed tomography, MVCT) 영상을 이용하여 두 가지 고정기구인 Feet Fix (FF) 와 Leg Fix (LF) 의 환자위치잡이 오차(patient setup error)를 비교 분석하였다. FF와 LF을 각각 18명씩 총 36명의 MVCT 영상을 비교 분석 하여 평균, 계통적 오차 3D-error와 여백(margin)을 계산 하였다. 전반적으로 그룹 FF가 LF에 비하여 환자위치잡이 오차가 작았다. 계산된 여백은 ML, SI, AP 방향에서 FF (LF)은 5.23 mm (6.08 mm), 4.64 mm (6.29 mm), 5.83 mm (8.69 mm)였고, FF가 LF에 비해서 ML, SI와 AP 방향에서 각각 14.0%, 26.0%, 33.0%로 작았다. 또한, 5 mm 이상 환자위치잡이 오차 분포도에 대하여 FF (LF)는 ML, SI, AP 방향에서 각각 1.7% (3.6%), 3.3% (10.7%), 5.0% (16.1%)였다. 본 연구에서 FF와 LF는 고정하는 부위가 다르기 때문에 환자위치잡이 오차에 영향을 주었다. 토모테라피를 이용한 골반부위 방사선치료에서 보정이 안 되는 Yaw와 Pitch에 대한 오차를 고려하고, 환자위치잡이의 오차를 줄이기 위하여 고정기구의 특성을 파악하고 적절하게 치료에 적용할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study was to compare the patient setup errors of two different immobilization devices (Feet Fix: FF and Leg Fix: LF) for pelvic region radiotherapy in Tomotherapy. Thirty six-patients previously treated with IMRT technique were selected, and divided into two groups based on applied immobilization devices (FF versus LF). We performed a retrospective clinical analysis including the mean, systematic, random variation, 3D-error, and calculated the planning target volume (PTV) margin. In addition, a rotational error (angles, °) for each patient was analyzed using the automatic image registration. The 3D-errors for the FF and the LF groups were 3.70 mm and 4.26 mm, respectively; the LF group value was 15.1% higher than in the FF group. The treatment margin in the ML, SI, and AP directions were 5.23 mm (6.08 mm), 4.64 mm (6.29 mm), 5.83 mm (8.69 mm) in the FF group (and the LF group), respectively, that the FF group was lower than in the LF group. The percentage in treatment fractions for the FF group (ant the LF group) in greater than 5 mm at ML, SI, and AP direction was 1.7% (3.6%), 3.3% (10.7%), and 5.0% (16.1%), respectively. Two different immobilization devices were affected the patient setup errors due to different fixed location in low extremity. The radiotherapy for the pelvic region by Tomotherapy should be considering variation for the rotational angles including Yaw and Pitch direction that incorrect setup error during the treatment. In addition the choice of an appropriate immobilization device is important because an unalterable rotation angle affects the setup error.