흡연, 음주와 운동습관의 군집현상을 통한 건강행태의 고위험군: 국민건강영양 조사

강기원,성주헌,김창엽,Kang, Ki-Won,Sung, Joo-Hon,Kim, Chang-Yup 대한예방의학회 2010 예방의학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Objectives: We investigated the clustering of selected lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, lack of physical exercise) and identified the population characteristics associated with increasing lifestyle risks. Methods: Data on lifestyle risk factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and history of chronic diseases were obtained from 7,694 individuals ${\geq}20$ years of age who participated in the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Clustering of lifestyle risks involved the observed prevalence of multiple risks and those expected from marginal exposure prevalence of the three selected risk factors. Prevalence odds ratio was adopted as a measurement of clustering. Multiple correspondence analysis, Kendall tau correlation, Man-Whitney analysis, and ordinal logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify variables increasing lifestyle risks. Results: In both men and women, increased lifestyle risks were associated with clustering of: (1) cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and (2) smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of physical exercise. Patterns of clustering for physical exercise were different from those for cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. The increased unhealthy clustering was found among men 20-64 years of age with mild or moderate stress, and among women 35-49 years of age who were never-married, with mild stress, and increased body mass index (>$30\;kg/m^2$). Conclusions: Addressing a lack of physical exercise considering individual characteristics including gender, age, employment activity, and stress levels should be a focus of health promotion efforts.

애구(艾灸)의 연소(燃燒) 구간별(區間別) 열량비(熱量比)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)

강기원,남상수,이재동,최도영,안병철,박동석,이윤호,최용태,Kang Ki-Weon,Nam Sang-Soo,Lee Jae-Dong,Choi Do-Young,Ahn Byoung-Choul,Park Dong-Seok,Lee Yun-Ho,Choi Yong-Tae 대한침구의학회 1998 대한침구의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

In order to evaluate calorie rate of moxa-combustion(direct moxibustion=DM, indirect moxibustion with stainless steel tube=IMS, indirect moxibustion with ginger slice=IMG), calorie rate(%) in the preheating period, heating period, retaining period, and cooling period was calculated respectively to the total combustion calories in all the periods. The result are as follow: 1. Indirect moxibustion with stainless steel tube had the highest rate with the statistical significance than other groups during the preheating period, represented statistical differences between IMS group and IMG group, and also between DM group and IMS group. 2. Indirect moxibustion with ginger slice group showed the highest rate with the statistical significance and followed by DM group and IMG group during the heating period, represented statistical difference among DM, IMS, and IMG group. 3. Direct moxibustion group had the highest rate with the statistical significance than other group during the retaining period, represented statistical difference between DM group and IMG group, and also between DM group and IMS group. 4. Indirect moxibustion with stainless steel tube had the highest rate with the statistical significance than other groups during the cooling period, represented statistical differences between IMS group and IMG group, and also between IMS group and DM group.

녹용사근환약침(鹿茸四斤丸藥鍼) 및 경구투여(經口投與)가 흰쥐의 성장(成長)과 지능발달(知能發達)에 미치는 영향(影響)

강기원,고형균,이윤호,Kang, Ki-weon,Koh, Hyung-kyun,Lee, Yun-ho 대한침구의학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.6

Objective: This study was designed to investigate effects of Nokyongsageunhwan and Nokyongsageunhwan aquapuncuture on body weight, body length, intellectual development Methods: We observed body weight, body length, intellectual development after feeding Nokyongsageunhwan and Nokyongsageunhwan aquapuncuture for thirty three days, and mRNA expressions of GHRF, Somatostatin, IGF-1, NPY were analyzed by RT-PCR method. Results: The results were summarized as follows. 1. Body length was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group compared to normal group and normal saline injection group on 4th week, 2. Lower part of hind leg length was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to normal group on 3rd week, and it was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group and Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group on 4th week. 3. As results of observing memory aquisition using Morris water maze system, there was significantly difference in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group on 4th week. 4. As results of observing retention using Morris water maze system, staying time was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group compared to that of normal group. 5. The somatostatin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was significantly decreased in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group. 6. The IGF-1 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus is significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group and Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group. 7. The NPY mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group, and it was increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group compared to that of normal group, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: According to the above results, it appears that Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration and Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture on acupoint GB34 and GB39 showed effects on the growth and the intellectual development of rats.

청도군 운문사 입구 수구막이 소나무림 식생구조 및 생육 특성

강기원,이도이,한봉호,곽정인,Kang, Gi Won,Lee, Do-I,Han, Bong-Ho,Kwak, Jeong-In 한국조경학회 2020 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.48 No.5

본 연구는 수구막이 소나무림을 대상으로 식생구조 및 생육특성 연구를 통한 문화경관림의 관리방안 수립을 목적으로 수행하였다. 연구 대상지는 경상북도 최남단에 위치한 청도군 운문면 신원리 운문사 입구의 수구막이 소나무림으로 면적은 45,201㎡이다. 운문사입구 수구막이 소나무림의 역사적 근거에 대한 사료는 전무하였고, 선형연구를 통해 운문사 입구 소나무림이 위치하고 있는 곳이 풍수지리적으로 수구에 위치하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 생육현황은 조사구 98개에 대한 격자조사를 통해 전체 수목현황과 소나무 생육상태를 조사하였다. 생육현황 분석결과, 교목층에 소나무, 일본잎갈나무, 느티나무, 팽나무, 붉나무가 분포하였고, 아교목층에서는 가죽나무 등 28종, 관목층은 개머루 등 92종이 생육하고 있었다. 소나무 식물군집 구조는 교목층 소나무 주수와 경급을 기준으로 연구대상지 내 소나무림의 저밀도, 중밀도, 고밀도로 구분하여 비교분석하였다. 분석결과 저밀도, 중밀도, 고밀도 소나무림 공히 교목층은 소나무가 우점하였고, 경쟁수종은 없었다. 저밀도의 소나무림 상대우점치는 평균 46.9이었고, 중밀도는 평균 62.6%, 고밀도는 평균 50.2%이었다. 저밀도 조사구의 Shannon의 종다양도는 평균 0.7055이었고, 중밀도는 평균 0.8966, 고밀도는 평균 0.8317이었다. 수구막이 소나무림의 표본목 25주에 대한 연륜 및 생장량을 분석한 결과, 표본목 흉고직경(DBH) 분포는 38~77cm이었으며 평균 흉고직경은 61.1cm이었다. 수령은 84~161년이었고 표본목 평균 수령은 114년이었다. 수구막이 소나무에는 일제강점기에 송진 채취를 목적으로 낸 수간상처가 대부분 있다. 현황을 보면 전체 670주 중 송진 채취목이 659주로 전체의 98.3%이다. 그중 394주는 2005년에 외과수술을 실시하였다. 수구막이 소나무림의 보존을 위해 고사목은 대체목으로 수형을 고려하여 중남부평지형 소나무로 복원하고, 대상지내 일본잎갈나무 등 외래종 제거와 외과수술을 한 소나무는 정기적인 살균·살충의 관리방안을 제시하였다. This study was designed to come up with a way of managing a cultural landscape forest by conducting research on the vegetation structure and growth characteristics. This study's target site, which was 45,201㎡ in size, was Pinus densiflora forest for Sugumagi placed at the entrance of Unmun Temple, Sinwon-ri, Unmun-myeon, and Cheongdo-gun in the southernmost part of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Sugumagi means the water of the valley flows far away, and where no downstream is visible according to feng shui. The historical sources of the Sugumagi Pinus densiflora forest at the entrance of Unmun Temple isn't clear. It waw only found at that location. The Pinus densiflora forest at the entrance of Unmun Temple is located in the waterway in terms of Feng Shui. The present condition of growth was investigated through a grid surveys of 98 trees and Pinus densiflora growth. As a result of the analysis of growth status, Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis, Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, and Rhus javanica were distributed in the conopy layer, and 28 species including Ailanthus altissima were grown in the understroy layer, and 92 species, including Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, in the shrub layer. The plant community structure was divided into low, medium and high-density Pinus densiflora forests in the study area, based on the number in the conopy layer and the grade of and the trees analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the Pinus densiflora dominated the low, medium and high-density Pinus densiflora forests, and there were no competitive species. The relative dominance of the low-density Pinus densiflora forests was 46.9% on average, medium-density was 62.6% and 50.2% was found in high-density. The mean species diversity of Shannon in the low-density study was 0.7055, medium-density study was 0.8966 and the average species diversity of Shannon in the high-density study was 0.8317. The analysis of the age and growth of 25 sample trees in the Sugumagi Pinus densiflora forest shows that the distribution of the chest diameter (DBH) of the sample Pinus densiflora is 38 to 77cm with the average chest diameter being 61.1cm. The age was 84-161 years and the average was 114 years. In the Pinus densiflora forest, most(670,659, or 98.3%) of the tree trunk wound was collected for rosins during the Japanese colonia Era, Of the total 670, 659 were Pinus densiflora, 98.3% of the total. 394 were surgically repaired in 2005. For the preservation of the Sugumagi Pinus densiflora forest, dead trees should be replaced with substitute trees appropriate to the middle and south topography. It is demanded that foreign species such as Larix leptolepis in the research area should be removed and Pinus densiflora that underwent surgical operations should be regularly sterilized. It is also emphasized that the management of insecticide is important.

수업 갈등과 대응 전략 : 초등 사회과 5학년 네 교사의 수업 딜레마

강기원 ( Kang Gi Won ) 한국초등교육학회 2003 초등교육연구 Vol.16 No.2

본 해석적 사례 연구(interpretative case study)의 목적은 전 교과를 다루면서도 각 교과에 대하여 전문성을 갖추어야 하는 초등 교사들이 교실 수업에서 겪는 수업 딜레마(teaching dilemmas)가 무엇인지 이해하는 데 있다. 연구자는 이를 위해 두 초등학교 네 교사를 주제보자로 선정하였다. 본 연구는 네 초등 교사가 수업 딜레마를 해결하기 위해 어떤 대응 전략을 사용하며 그들이 왜 일정한 수업 형태를 유지해 가는지 심층적으로 기술하였다. 교사들의 수업 갈등과 대응 전략은 초등 교사로서의 상황적 맥락과 교사의 개인적 신념에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 본 연구는 교사들의 수업 딜레마 극복을 휘해 교육 당국의 지원과 교사의 노력이 병행될 때 효과적으로 극복될 수 있으면 이를 위한 구체적인 제안을 하고 있다. The purpose of this study is to understand the dilemmas of elementary teachers. I conducted a interpretative case study of teaching dilemmas. The main informants included the four elementary teachers who were observed during the fifth grade first term social studies classes and interviewed after their instructions. The central question that guides the study is what teaching dilemmas they faced in the situation that they should teach all the subject matters as elementary school teachers. I specifically observed how teachers attempted to solve a series of teaching dilemmas and understood why each of them maintained an instruction pattern in the context of his(her) being a elementary teacher. Four elementary teachers had about 30 class periods in a week and a lot of teaching or non-teaching responsibilities related to their students. In those situations they experienced teaching dilemmas during the social studies classes. This study proposes alternatives to solving the teaching dilemmas of elementary teachers. The findings suggest that it is needed both the assistance from the educational authorities and teachers` efforts.

한국의 중화학공업화와 박정희의 제 2혁명

姜起元(Ki-Won Kang) 서원대학교 미래창조연구원 2000 經營硏究 Vol.9 No.1

소형풍력발전 블레이드용 복합재료의 피로수명 분포에 대한 확률론적 평가

강기원(Ki Weon Kang) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

브레이징 접합부의 고장원인 및 강도 특성 평가

강기원(Ki-Weon Kang),이병재(Byung-Jei Lee),장경영(Kyung-Young Jang),김정규(Jung-Kyu Kim) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.5

In order to understand failure cause and stress analysis, strength evaluation of joints and non-destructive test were done for brazing joint of copper pipe in household air conditioner. Strength of brazing joint was evaluated by shear test and test specimens were used by standard single lap form and actual form of brazing joint in copper pipe. In order to evaluate the effect where the temperature has an influenced on the joint during this brazing joint processing, micro vickers hardness is measured. Also, three dimensional X-ray non-destructive test was used to know defect existence of brazing joint. Internal pressure breaking tester was designed and was performed to make higher oil pressure by specific ratio within the interval of time.

항공기 주익 구조물의 응력스펙트럼 및 피로수명 추정에 관한 연구

강기원(Ki-Weon Kang),고승기(Seung-Ki Koh),최동수(Dong-Soo Choi),김태성(Tae-Sung Kim) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.4

Aged Aircraft has the several cracks due to the long-term service and these cracks deteriorate the safety and the rate of operation. To solve this, the crack propagation analysis for flight critical location is of utmost required. maneuver. It is, however, almost impossible to obtain the stress spectrum, which is crucial for the crack propagation analysis, at the FCLs of aged aircraft wing structure. In this study, to analyze the fatigue crack propagation behavior at FCL in aged aircraft, firstly the finite element analysis is performed for the 3D geometry model of wing assembly, which is obtained using CATIA from the paper drawings. And then, transfer function and stress-spectrum at FCL are derived from based on the limited load factor data and the FEA results. Finally, crack propagation rates at the FCL are analyzed using the commercial code, NASGRO.

소형풍력발전 블레이드용 복합재료의 피로수명 분포에 대한 확률론적 평가

강기원(Ki Weon Kang) 대한기계학회 2011 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.35 No.10

본 논문에서는 소형풍력발전시스템 블레이드 제작에 사용되는 복합재료의 피로수명 데이터에 대한 통계적 해석을 위하여 다양한 확률분포 모델의 적합성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 삼축 유리섬유강화 복합재료를 대상으로 0°, 45° 및 90° 의 하중방향에 대한 인장시험을 실시하였다. 또한 상기의 하중방향에 대하여 4 수준의 피로응력준에서의 피로시험을 수행하였다. 이를 통하여 획득한 피로수명 데이터를 대상으로 1) 전체 적합성, 2) 끝단 적합성 및 3) 피로물리 일치성의 기준을 이용하여 2 모수 Weibull, 3 모수 Weibull, 정규 및 대수정규분포의 적합성을 평가하였다. 또한 피로수명의 분산에 대한 하중방향 및 피로응력의 영향 역시 검토하였다. This paper deals with several statistical distribution functions for the analysis of fatigue life data of composite laminates for small wind-turbine blades. A series of tensile tests was performed on triaxial glass/epoxy laminates for loading directions of 0°, 45°, and 90°. Then, fatigue tests were carried out to determine the fatigue life at the aforementioned loading directions and the fatigue stresses at four levels. Two-parameter Weibull, three-parameter Weibull, normal, and log-normal distributions were used to fit the fatigue life data of the triaxial composite laminates. The three-parameter Weibull distribution most accurately described the fatigue life data measured experimentally for all the cases considered. Furthermore, the variation of fatigue life was simultaneously affected by the loading direction and fatigue stress level.