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Nam Soo Kim,June Sig Sung,Doo Hwa Hong IEEE 2011 IEEE signal processing letters Vol.18 No.2
<P>One of the most popular approaches to parameter adaptation in hidden Markov model (HMM) based systems is the maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) technique. In this letter, we extend MLLR to factored MLLR (FMLLR) in which the MLLR parameters depend on a continuous-valued control vector. Since it is practically impossible to estimate the MLLR parameters for each control vector separately, we propose a compact parametric form of the MLLR parameters. In the proposed approach, each MLLR parameter is represented as an inner product between a regression vector and transformed control vector. We present an algorithm to train the FMLLR parameters based on a general framework of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The proposed approach is applied to adapt the HMM parameters obtained from a database of reading-style speech to singing-style voices while treating the pitches and durations extracted from the musical notes as the control vectors. This enables to efficiently construct a singing voice synthesizer with only a small amount of singing data.</P>
Facilitation of serotonin-induced contraction of rat mesenteric artery by ketamine
Sang Woong Park,Hyun Ju Noh,Jung Min Kim,Bokyung Kim,Sung-Il Cho,Yoon Soo Kim,Nam Sik Woo,Sung Hun Kim,Young Min Bae 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.6
Ketamine is an anesthetic with hypertensive effects, which make it useful for patients at risk of shock. However, previous <i>ex vivo</i> studies reported vasodilatory actions of ketamine in isolated arteries. In this study, we reexamined the effects of ketamine on arterial tones in the presence and absence of physiological concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) by measuring the isometric tension of endothelium-denuded rat mesenteric arterial rings. Ketamine little affected the resting tone of control mesenteric arterial rings, but, in the presence of 5-HT (100~200 nM), ketamine (10~100 μM) markedly contracted the arterial rings. Ketamine did not contract arterial rings in the presence of NE (10 nM), indicating that the vasoconstrictive action of ketamine is 5-HT-dependent. The concentration-response curves (CRCs) of 5-HT were clearly shifted to the left in the presence of ketamine (30 μM), whereas the CRCs of NE were little affected by ketamine. The left shift of the 5-HT CRCs caused by ketamine was reversed with ketanserin, a competitive 5-HT<sub>2A </sub>receptor inhibitor, indicating that ketamine facilitated the activation of 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors. Anpirtoline and BW723C86, selective agonists of 5-HT<sub>1B</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptors, respectively, did not contract arterial rings in the absence or presence of ketamine. These results indicate that ketamine specifically enhances 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and that it is vasoconstrictive in a clinical setting. The facilitative action of ketamine on 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors should be considered in ketamine-induced hypertension as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases such as schizophrenia, wherein experimental animal models are frequently generated using ketamine.
Nam Geon Park,Kyung Jun Hwang,Hyung Soo Park,Sang Teak Song,Moon Chul Kim 한국초지조사료학회 2009 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.08
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of applying level of pig slurry on the characteristics of runoff and leaching water in lysimeter. Treatments were broken down into five treatments such as non-chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer (200㎏ N/㏊) and pig slurry (200, 400, 600㎏ N/㏊), and 3-time-repeated randomized complete block design was fulfilled. The concentrations of NO₃-N was raised(p<0.05) in proportion to the applying level of pig slurry. NO₃-N concentration of leaching water collected from soil depth 20㎝ and 40㎝ was intensified as the applying level of pig slurry was higher (p<0.05) in pig slurry 600㎏ N/㏊ application. In conclusion, pig slurry at the volcanic ash soil in Jeju area can replace the chemical fertilizer as it is tested that applying 200㎏ N/㏊ of pig slurry and chemical fertilizer show the same productivity of sorghum×sudangrass hybrid. But more than 200㎏ N/㏊ of pig slurry may not be appropriate because it may contaminate the runoff and leaching water even though it may increase for the forage productivity.
( Sung Woo Cho ),( Jung Hoon Cha ),( Na Ri Park ),( Won Hee Hur ),( Pill Soo Sung ),( Jong Young Choi ),( Seung Kew Yoon ),( Si Hyun Bae ),( Hee Chul Nam ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic- related disorder ranging from simple steatosis to more severe forms, but the exact mechanism of progression remains unknown. MicroRNAs(miR), a class of small noncoding RNAs, are implicated in controlling a variety of biological processes. The aim of this study is to investigate the regulatory and protective role of miR-22-3p in NAFLD progression. Methods: Both in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD were generated by treating HepG2 and Huh-7 cells with palmitic acid (PA) and by feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD), respectively. HE and Oil Red O staining were used to examine liver tissue morphology and lipid deposition, respectively. qRT-PCR (quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction) was used for investigate expression of miR, SIRT1, and proteins involved in lipogenesis Results: HFD-mice hepatic tissues and PA-treated HepG2 and Huh-7 cells presented excess lipid production. Both in vitro and in vivo NAFLD model displayed decreased miR-22-3p and SIRT1 expression as evidenced by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of miR-22-3p induced downregulation of FAS, PPAR gamma and SREBP-1c via upregulation of SIRT1 expression. Reduction of hepatic lipid accumulation was observed by Oil red O staining. Conclusions: In this study, miR-22-3p had a role in ameliorating hepatic lipogenesis by regulation of SIRT1 signal pathway in NAFLD model. The overexpressed miR-22-3p protects hepatocytes from lipid metabolism and suppresses hepatic lipogenesis, suggesting as a potential target for the therapeutic strategy of NAFLD.
Development of an Impedance Locus Model for a Protective Relay Dynamic Test with a Digital Simulator
Soo-Nam Kim,Myoung-Soo Lee,Jae-Gyu Lee,Sang-Bong Rhee,Kyu-Ho Kim 대한전기학회 2011 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.6 No.2
This paper presents a method for the development of the impedance locus to test the dynamic characteristics of protective relays. Specifically, using the proposed method, the impedance locus can comprise three impedance points, and the speed of impedance trajectory can be adjusted by frequency deviation. This paper is divided into two main sections. The first section deals with the configuration of impedance locus with voltage magnitude, total impedance magnitude, and impedance angle. The second section discusses the control of the locus speed with the means of the deviation between two frequencies. The proposed method is applied to two machine equivalent systems with offline simulation (i.e., PSCAD) and real-time simulation (i.e., real-time simulation environment) to demonstrate its effectiveness.