2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (T.T.C) Test에 의한 우유중(牛乳中)의 항생물질(抗生物質) 검출(檢出)에 관(關)하여

김교준,김홍수,소경택,정운영,Kim, Kyo Jun,Kim, Hong Soo,So, Kyung Tack,Chung, Uoon Yeong 대한수의학회 1973 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.13 No.1

Five hunderds and thirty four samples collected from some farms in Daejeon area were used to determine the antibiotic resideus in milk by T.T.C. test. The results were summerized as follows: 1) Among 250 random samples tested for one month, positives were 18.4% and suspects 21.2%. Another 122 sampls were divide into 3 groups with interval of 3 days, and 23% of positives and 36% of suspects were found. 2) From individual test of 162 samples from farms which produced positive milk, 5% of positives and 2% of suspects were appeared. Of the mixed milk 59% of them was found positive or suspect. 3) In order to protect antibiotic residues in marketing milk, milk must be tested with interval of 3 days. And if cows were treated with mastitis drug, it will be better to use the drug with food blue and not to be sold the milk up to 3 days or more after the treatment.

Micrococcus pyogenes var aureus에 의한 유산양(乳山羊)의 괴저성유방염(壞疽性乳房炎)에 관한 임상학적(臨床學的) 연구(硏究)

김교준,Kim, Kyo Jun 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1976 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.3 No.1

유산양(乳山羊)의 자연발생(自然發生) 괴저성유방염(壞疽性乳房炎) 6예(例)에 대하여 임상소견(臨床所見)을 관찰(觀察)하는 한편 분리균(分離菌)에 의한 인공감염시험(人工感染試驗), 각종항생물질(各種抗生物質)에 대한 감수성시험(感受性試驗)을 통(通)하여 치료법(治療法)을 확립(確立)할 목적(目的)으로 실시(實施)한 시험성적(試驗成績)을 다음과 같이 요약(要約)한다. 1. 유산양(乳山羊)에 자연발생(自然發生)한 6예(例)에 유방염(乳房炎)은 임상소견(臨床所見)에 있어 이미 보고(報告)된 우(牛), 면양(緬羊) 및 산양(山羊)의 저성유방염(疽性乳房炎)과 같았다. 2. 환산양(患山羊)에서 분리(分離)한 Micrococcus Pyogenes Var Aureus는 병원성(病原性)이 강(强)한 균주(菌株)로서 산양(山羊)의 유방내접종(乳房內接種)에 의하여 괴저성유방염(壞疽性乳房炎) 또는 경도(輕度)의 유방염(乳房炎)을 일으킬 수 있었다. 3. 산양(山羊)의 괴저성유방염(壞疽性乳房炎)은 유선간질내(乳腺間質內)의 대소정맥지(大小靜脈枝) 혈전(血栓)이 형성(形成)되었을 때 야기(惹起)될 수 있다. 4. 환산양(患山羊)에서 분리(分離)한 Micrococcus Pyogens Var Aureus는 Penicillin에 대(對)하여 6예중(例中) 2예(例)만이 내성(耐性)이 있고 나머지는 모두 Strepomycin, Chloromycetin, Oxytetracycline, Erythromycin, Achromycin, Aurcomycin, Neomycin 및 Kanamycin등과 같이 예민(銳敏)한 감수성(感受性)을 나타내었다. 5. 치료시험(治療試驗)에 있어 괴저부(壞疽部)가 편측성(片側性)이고 한국성(限局性)인 것은 외과적(外科的) 유방적출술(乳房摘出術), 심(甚)한 괴저(壞疽)와 한계(限界)가 광범(廣範)하여 유두(乳頭)까지 괴사(壞死)한것은 유두절제술(乳頭切除術)과 근육주사(筋肉注射)하고 괴저(壞疽)가 경미(輕微)한것은 유두관내주입법(乳頭管內注入法)과 유방조직내주사법(乳房組織內注射法)이 가(可)할것이다. Six cases of gangreous mastitis of goats infected spontaneously were observed clinically and pathologically in Daegu and Daejeon district. and with strain isolated purely from the infected goats, the artificial infection to the animal was examined, the sensitivity of strain to the antibiotics was tested and clinical treatment was carried out. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. In the six cases approximately same clinical findings were observed as the previously published literatures on gangrenous mastitis of cattle, sheep and goats. 2. The micrococcus pyogenes var aureus was highly virulent strain which was the causative organism for the gangrenous mastitis by inoculating in the udder. 3. The gangrenous mastis was probably occured by the formation of thrombosis in veins of udder. 4. In the sensitivity test, the micrococcus pyogenes var aureus resited for penicillin in 2 cases among the 6 strains, but sensitived for streptomycin, chloromycin, oxyteracycline, erythromycin, achromycin, neomycin and kanamycin in other 4 and in all case. 5. The treatment for gangrenous mastitis may be extirpated the gangrenous region surgically in the case of unilaterally or locally affected, treated by muscle injection or teat-operation in the case of severely or diffusely affected and infused antibiotics up to teat canal or treated by mammary tissue injection in the case of slightly affected.

우유(牛乳)의 잔류항생물질(殘溜抗生物質)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김교준,Kim, Kyo Jun 대한수의학회 1973 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.13 No.1

The antibiotics are usually used for the medical treatments or the other purpose for cow and almost of them are transfered to milk. Moreover a serious problems on public health are caused by misuse or overuse of antibiotics. These studies were conducted to determine the rise and fall of antibiotics in the raw milk which is milked from the cow treated with antibiotics. The number of samples examined were 500 which were taken from 36 cows, and the antibiotics in milk were detected by cylinder plate assay method. The results were as follows: 1) When penicillin, chloramphenycol and streptomycin were infused into a udder, they were detected up to the period of 84 hours, 36 hours and 60 hours after injection in the milk from the same udder, however in the milk from the other udder streptomycin was not detected but penicillin and chloramphenycol were detected up to 72 hours and 24 hours after injection. When streptomycin and penicillin were injected intramusculary, streptomycin was not detected in the milk but penicillin was detected up to 60 hours after injcetion. 2) When penicillin, streptomycin and chloramphenycol were infused into the udder, the lesser amount of milk was produced, the more antibiotics were detected in the milk. 3) It is necessary policy for the public health to inhibit to be sold the milk up to 3 days or more after the injection on antibiotics or to add food blue to mastitis drugs.

송아지의 선천성결장결손증의 1예

김교준,권오덕,조성환,이헌준,한성욱,Kim Kyo-Joon,Kwon Oh-Deog,Cho Sung-Whan,Lee Hun-Jun,Han Sung-Wook 한국임상수의학회 1985 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.2 No.1

A 3 day old Holstein-Friesian calf which showed the clinical signs such as suckling inability, abdominal distension and defication insufficiency was diagnosed as congenital atresia coli with abnormality of abdominal aorta.

견에 발생한 Leydig Cell Tumor의 증예보고

김교준,전무형,이헌준,권오덕,조성환,Kim Kyo-joon,Jun Moo-hyung,Lee Hun-jun,Kwon Oh Duck,Cho Sung-whan 대한수의사회 1985 대한수의사회지 Vol.21 No.1

Diagnostic operation, and clinical and pathological examination was performed to clrify the enlargement of the scrotal region in a well-trained Greyhound dog, which was imported from U. S. A. for hunting. The results obtained wore summarized as follows: 1

유우(乳牛), 산양(山羊) 및 견(犬)의 유즙내(乳汁內) 잔류항생물질(殘留抗生物質)에 관한 연구(硏究)

김교준,Kim, Kyo Jun 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1975 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.2 No.1

It is well known fact that antibiotic residues in milk of cows create significant problem for the fermented dairy industry and public health because of inhibition of starter activity and of creation of allergic disease. It can be assumed that antibiotic residues in milk of other aniimals also can create some problems for their infants as in the case of humen. For the above mentioned reasons, present studies were undertaken to determine concentration and duration of antibiotic residues in milk of cows, goats and dogs following intramuscular or intravenous injection and intramammary infusion of penicillin, streptomycin and oxytetracycline at usual dosage. The cylinder-plate method was used for their assay. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1) Following the intramuscular injection of penicillin, the antibiotic was detected in milk of cows up to 72 hours, in milk of goats 48 hours and in milk of dogs 60 hours of postinjection. The mean peak concentrations were recorded at 12 hours as 0.136 I.U./ml in cows. 6 hours as 0.773 I.U./ml in goats and 3 hours as 1.192 I.U./ml in dogs. 2) Following the intramuscular injection of streptomycin, the antibiotic was detected in milk of cows and goats up to 36 hours and in milk of dogs 24 hours of post-injection. The mean peak concentration were recorded at 6 hours as $0.26{\mu}g/ml$ in cows and at 3 hours in goats and dogs $0.45{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.36{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. 3) Following the intra venous injection of oxytetracycline, the antibiotic was detectable in milk of all the test animals up to 48 hours of postinjection. The mean peak concentrations were recorded at 6 hours as $3.5{\mu}g/ml$ in cows $2.4{\mu}g/ml$ in goats and $2.0{\mu}g/ml$ in dogs respectively. 4) Following intrarnammary infusion of penicillin in amounts of 100,000 I.U. for cows, 20.000 I.U. for goats and 10,000 I.U. for dogs, the penicillin residues in milk of the infused quarter perssisted to 72 hours in cows and 84 hours in goats and dogs. 5) Following intramammary infusion of streptomycin in amount of 500mg for cows, 100mg for goats and 25mg for dogs, the streptomycin residues in milk of the infused quarter persisted to 72 hours in cows and goats and 60 hours in dogs. 6) Following intramammary infusion of oxytetracycline in amount of 500mg for cows, 100mg for goats and 25mg for dogs, the oxytetracycline residues in milk of the infused quarter persisted to 72 hours in cows and 60 hours in goats and dogs. 7) A corelation between the residual antibiotic concentration and milk yield in cows and goats was observed; That is, the lower in the milk production showed a higher the concentration of an antibiotic residues and a longer the time in persistance. 8) Intramammary transfer of the antibiotic from an infused to non infused quarters, in dogs, was observed following the intramammary infusion of penicillin. streptomycin and oxytetracyclne in amounts of 10.000 I.U. 25mg and 25mg respectively. However, no transfer by 100.000 I.U. or 20.000 I.U. of penicillin. 500mg of streptomycin and 100mg of oxytetracyline was observed in cows and goats. 9) In dogs, minimum dosage of antibiotics for transfer fro in treated to untreated quarters following intramammary infusion were 2,500 I.U. of penicillin and 5mg each of streptomycin and oxytetracycline. 우유내(牛乳內)에 잔류(殘留)하는 항생물질(抗生物質)은 starter의 발육(發育)을 억제(抑制)함으로써 산소유제품(酸素乳製品)의 제조(製造)에 막대(莫大) 한 손실(損失)을 가져올 뿐만 아 니라 유우(乳牛)를 음용(飮用)하는데 인류(人類)에 과민병(過敏病)을 비롯한 각종(各種) 질병(疾病)을 일으킬 수 있다는 것은 주지(周知)의 사실(事實)이다. 그러나 기타(其他) 가축(家畜)에 있어서도 모유내(母乳內)에 항생물질(抗生物質)이 출현(出現)할때는 이것을 포유(哺乳)하는 자축(仔畜)에게도 인류(人類)에서와 같은 장애(障碍)를 초래(招來)할 수 있다는 점(点)도 간과(看過)할수 없는 일이다. 이러한 관점(觀點)에서 본연구(本硏究)에서는 유우(乳牛), 산양(山羊) 및 견(犬)에 penicillin, streptomycin 및 oxytetracycline을 근육(筋肉) 또는 정맥내(靜脈內)에 주사(注射)하고 유방내(乳房內)에 주입(注入)할 경우(境遇) 유즙내(乳汁內)에 이해(移行) 또는 잔류(殘留)하는 농도(濃度)와 지속시간(持續時間)을 cylinder-plate법(法)으로 실험(實驗)한바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) penicillin을 근육주사(筋肉注射)한 후 유즙내(乳汁內)에서 검출(檢出)할 수 있는 penicillin의 최고농도(最高濃度)는 유우(乳牛)가 12시간(時間)에 0.093~0.214(평균(平均) 0.136)I.U./ml, 산양(山羊)이 6시간(時間)에 0.58~0.974(평균(平均) 0.773)I.U./ml, 견(犬)이 3시간(時間)에 0.823~1.482(평균(平均) 1.192)I.U./ml였으며 유즙내(乳汁內) 잔류지속시간(殘留持續時間)은 각각(各各) 60~72시간(時間), 36~48(時間) 및 48~60시간(時間)이었다. 2) streptomycin을 근육주사(筋肉注射)한 후 유즙내(乳汁內)에서 검출(檢出)된 streptomycin 최고농도(最高濃度)는 유우(乳牛)가 6시간(時間)에 0.09~0.47(평균(平均) 0.26)${\mu}g/ml$, 산양(山羊)이 3시간(時間)에 0.17~0.64(평균(平均) 0.45)${\mu}g/ml$, 견(犬)이 3시간(時間)에 0.32~0.96(평균(平均) 0.63)${\mu}g/ml$였으며 유즙내(乳汁內)의 잔류지속시간(殘留持續時間)은 각각(各各) 6~36시간(時間), 12~36(時間) 및 12~24시간(時間)이었다. 3) oxytetracycline을 정맥주사(靜脈注射)한 후 유즙내(乳汁內)에서 검출(檢出)된 oxytetracycline의 최고농도(最高濃度) 유우(乳牛)가 6시간(時間)에 1.5~3.2(평균(平均) 2.4)${\mu}g/ml$, 견(犬)이 6시간(時間)에 1.5~2.4(평균(平均) 2.0)${\mu}g/ml$였으며 잔류지속시간(殘留持續時間)은 유우(乳牛)가 24~48시간(時間), 산양(山羊)및 견(犬)이 36~48시간(時間)이었다. 4) penicillin을 유방내(乳房內) 주입(注入)한 경우 주입방(注入房) 유즙(乳汁)에 잔류(殘溜)하는 시간(時間)은 유우(乳牛)가 48~72시간(時間)이었으며 산양(山羊) 및 견(犬)은 72~84시간(時間)이었다. 5) streptomycin을 유방내(乳房內) 주입(注入)할 경우 주입방(注入房) 유즙내(乳汁內)에 잔류(殘溜)하는 지속시간(持續時間)은 유우(乳牛) 및 산양(山羊)이 48~72시간(時間)이었으며 견(犬)은 48~60시간(時間)이었다. 6) oxytetracycline을 유방내(乳房內) 주입(注入)한 경우 주입방(注入房) 유즙(乳汁)에 잔류(殘溜)하는 시간(時間)은 유우(乳牛)가 48~72시간(時間), 산양(山羊) 36~60시간(時間)이었으며 견(犬)은 48~60시간(時間)이었다. 7) penicillin, streptomycin 및 oxytetracycline을 유방내(乳房內) 주입(注入)한후 주입방내(注入房內) 잔류항생물질(殘留抗生物質)의 농도(濃度)와 지속시간(持續時間)을 검토(檢討)한 결과 유우(乳牛) 및 산양(山羊)에 있어서는 필유량(泌乳量)과의 관계(關係)가 인정(認定)되었고 고

乳牛, 山羊및 犬의 乳汁內 殘留抗生物質에 관한 硏究

金敎準(Kyo Jun Kim) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1975 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.2 No.1

지역별 고교생의 운동흥미도 조사연구

金敎俊(Kim, Kyo-jun),徐順吉(Suh, Soon-gil),양희중(Yang, Hee-Joong) 용인대학교 무도연구소 1992 武道硏究所誌 Vol.4 No.1

태권도장의 교육환경에 대한 실태 조사 연구

김교준 ( Kyo Jun Kim ),전영만 ( Young Man Jeon ),용영록 ( Young Lok Yong ),고영철 ( Young Chul Ko ),장창영 세계태권도학회 2001 세계태권도학회지 Vol.5 No.0

Bovine Lymphosarcoma(Enzootic Bovine Leukosis)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) Bovine Lymphosarcoma에 관련(關聯)한 대구(大邱) 및 충남지방(忠南地方) 유우군(乳牛群)에 대(對) 혈액학적조사(血液學的調査)

손제영,김교준,Son, Jae Young,Kim, Kyo Jun 대한수의학회 1968 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.8 No.1

Hematological surveys using Bendixen's and Goetze's Key for bovine lymphosarcoma were made in dairy herds which have been composed of the cows imported from United States, Canada and Japan, and their calves in the area of Taegu and Chung-Nam. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Of 521 cattle, 15(2.9%) were hematologically positive for lymphosarcoma; 28(5.4%) were suspect with Bendixen's Key, and 7 (1.3%) were positive; 26(5.%) were suspect with Goetze's Key. 2. Of 14 herds, 5 were involved in positive or suspect for lymphosarcoma with Bendixen's and Goetze's Key more than 5 per cent. Of the above 5 herds, 3 were involved in positive or suspect more than 30 per cent. These findings suggest that repeated hematological examinations and continuous clinical observations are required in the herds showed higher level of per cent of positive or suspect.