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정전 열 접합을 이용한 Multi-Substrate Bonding
이덕중,주병권,최우범,한정인,조경익,이광배,장진,오명환 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1
We performed silicon-to-glass bonding using silicon direct bonding followed by anodic bonding(SDAB). Initial bonding between glass and silicon was caused by the hydrophilic surfaces of silicon and glass ensemble using silicon direct bonding(SDB) method. We found that the bonded specimen using SDAB process had higher strength than one using anodic bonding process only. We performed multiple layer bonding by SDAB, which is glass- silicon -glass as sandwich structure. In the silicon wafer, the (1mm x 2mm x 500μm)-sized cavity was formed by the anisotropic etching of the silicon substrate in EPW(Ethylendiamin-Pyrocatechol-Water). And, the cavity was sealed with glass wafers by SDAB method.
소규모 베이커리에서의 HACCP적용을 위한 미생물학적 위해도 평가
엄애선,권성희,정덕화,오상석,이헌옥 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.4
Recently, the HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system has been emphasized in food processing industries throughout the world. However, the system has, as yet, not been applied very well to domestic food industries. Due to the increase in the consumption of bakery products, more studies are required on the application of HACCP to establish the system in small-scale bakeries. This study was designed to provide basic data for setting management standards for HACCP, based on microbiological hazard evaluations of bakery products. Red bean paste filled breads, custard cream filled breads and cakes covered with fresh whipping cream were collected, and microbiological evaluations conducted on the raw materials, the manufacturing processes and potential hazards. The result showed the presence of coliforms in fresh cream of cakes and the soybean paste of soybean paste breads at levels as high as 105 CFU/g on the hazard analysis of the raw materials. Moreover, the general levels of bacteria and coliforms were over those of the standards during the intermediate fermentation and molding processes. Furthermore, high levels of coliforms were detected on the hands of the salesmen and bakers themselves. This suggests that the CCPs (Critical Control Points), such as fresh cream and red bean paste manufacturing process desperately require better management. There is also a requirement for education relating to personal hygiene for the production of hygienic bakery products and for the publics health.
Case Reports : A Case of Primary Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Liver Presented with Liver Abscess
Oh Sang Kwon,Hong Sik Lee,Dong Wook Koh,Young Jig Cho,Yeon Ho Park,Dong Kyu Park,Yong Leul Oh,Jae Hong Seo,Hoon Jai Chun,Sun Ho Um,Sang Woo Lee,Jai Hyun Choi,Chang Duck Kim,Ho Sang Ryu 대한내과학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.16 No.4
Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver is a very rare type of cholangiocarcinoma and is defined as a cancer containing both squamous and adenomatous components in the same lesion. Recently, we experienced a primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the live
Changes of Transepidermal Water Loss ( TEWL ) in Psoriatic Plaques during D - PUVA Therapy
Kwon, Oh Sang,Kim, Sang Duck,Cho, Kwang Hyun,Park, Kyoung Chan,Kim, Kyu Han,Eun, Hee Chul,Suh, Dae Hun,Youn, Jai Il,Kwon, Tae Eun,Park, Seok Bum 대한피부과학회 2001 Annals of Dermatology Vol.13 No.1
Background: Psoriatic lesions have reduced water-holding capacity and show increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The effect of D-PUVA therapy, which combines topical calcipotriol and PUVA therapy, on epidermal barrier function has not yet been evaluated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify the change of TEWL in lesional and normal skin according to D-PUVA therapy in psoriasis patients. Methods: TEWL was measured consecutively by TEWAMETER TM210^ⓡ in 13 psoriasis patients who received D-PUVA therapy. Clinical grading was done according to psoriasis severity index (PSI). Results: TEWL of psoriatic lesian decreased as D-PUVA continued. TEWL of normal-looking skin gradually increased, although the increase was trivial. Clinical grading of scale and infiltration followed the pattern of PSI in the decrease of TEWL, while that of erythema did not. Conclusion: In psoriatic plaques, TEWL was decreased according to the improvement. In normal-looking skin, D-PUVA therapy caused only a little effect on TEWL.
권오덕(Oh-Duck Kwon),최창규(Chang-Gyu Choi),장용석(Yong-Seok Chang),김승호(Sung-Ho Kim) 한국정보과학회 2001 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2Ⅱ
히스토그램을 이용한 자연 전환 검출 기법은 순차적으로 접근하여 모든 프레임의 히스토그램을 구하고 각 히스토그램의 차를 이용하여 장면 전환을 검출한다. 하지만, 장면 전환이 비교적 적게 나타나는 부분에서는 모든 프레임을 비교한다는 것은 비효율적이다. 본 논문에서는 모든 프레임을 순차적으로 비교하지 않고 가중치를 조절하여 장면 전환이 거의 발생하지 않는 경우는 많은 프레임을, 장면 전환이 많은 곳에서는 적은 프레임을 생략하여 히스토그램을 비교하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 생략하는 프레임 수를 조절하기 때문에 순차적으로 처리하는 것보다 빠른 처리 시간을 보일 수 있다.
Effect of High-Dose Tamoxifen on Malignant Gliomas
Oh, Yeon Chul,Kim, Jung Hoon,Lee, Jung Kyo,Kim, Chang Jin,Kwon, Yang,Rhim, Seung Chul,Kwun, Byung Duck,Whang, C. Jin 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.9
배양된 신경교종에서 tomoxifen은 핵산의 합성 및 세포의 증식을 억제할 수 있음을 in vitro study상 알 수 있다. 이러한 성장 억제는 tamoxifen의 항에스트로겐 특성에 의존하지 않고, protein kinase C라는 효소의 억제를 통해서 이루어지는 듯 하다. 저자들은 1991년 2월부터 1993년 1월까지 본원 신경외과에 입원하여 수술 후 부가적 치료로써 고용량 tamoxifen을 병행한 28명의 악성 신경교종환자들에서 고용량 tamoxifen의 부가적 치료 효과 및 그 부작용을 알아보기 위하여 본 임상실험을 시행하였다. 고용량 tamoxifen의 부가적 치료효과는 통계학적으로 유의하게 증가된 생존기간 및 생존율로 정의하였다. Tamoxifen 치료군의 경우 처음에는 약제의 부작용을 알아보기 위하여 표준 항에 스트로겐 용량인 20㎎을 하루에 2회 경구 투여하였으며, 특별한 문제가 없으면 1달 이상에 걸쳐 매주 용량을 증가하여 100㎎을 하루 2회 경구 투여하였다. Tamoxifen 사용 후 역형성 성상세포종과 다형성 교아세포종간의 생존기간 및 생존율을 비교하여 보았을 때 역형성 성상세포종에서 다형성 교아세포종보다 중간 생존율이 약간 높았으나 통계학적 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 치료 방법(방사선 단독 치료군, 방사선 치료와 ACNU 화학요법을 병행한 치료군, 그리고 방사선 치료와 tamoxifen을 병행은 치료군)에 따른 생존기간 및 생존율을 비교하여 보았을 때, tamoxifen 치료군에서 다른 치료군들보다 생존기간 및 생존율이 약간 높았으나 역시 통계학적 의미는 없었다. 고용량 tamoxifen으로 치료하였던 대부분의 환자들에서 심한 부작용은 관찰할 수 없었다. Tamoxifen 용량을 증가시키는 동안 5명의 환자에서 식욕부진 증상이 발생하였으며, 다른 합병증들로서 무월경, 오심/구토, 그리고 변비 등을 관찰할 수 있었으나 혈액학적 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다 저자들은 고용량 tamoxifen을 악성 신경교종 환자에서 비교적 안전하게 사용할 수 있다고 생각한다. 본 임상실험 결과는 만족스럽지 못했으나 저자들은 제한된 본 연구결과로 악성 신경교종 환자들에서 고용량 tamoxifen의 치료 효과를 단정할 수 없다고 생각하며, 따라서 이 약제에 대한 보다 광범위한 연구가 이루어져야만 한다고 생각한다. In vitro studies have shown that the nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen can suppress deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) synthesis and cell proliferation in cultured human gliomas. This frowth suppression is independent on its antiestrogenic properties. Tamoxifen may act through the inhibition of the enzyme protein kinase C(PKC), which transduces mitogenic signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. In order to evaluate the therapeutic response and side effect of high-dose tamoxifen, we performed a clinical study of 28 patients with malignant gliomas who were treated with high-dose tamoxifen in our hospital between Febrary 1991 and January 1993. An effect was defined as a statistically improved survival times/rates. In patients who were assigned to receive high-dose tamoxifen, it was first administered at standard antiestrogen doses(20㎎ orally bid/day) to observe for any side effect and if tolerated, the dose was increased weekly to achieve target doses(100㎎ orally bid/day) over a 1 month period. We compared the survival times/rates between anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiformes. Although the median survival time was slightly longer in anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiformes, there was no statistical difference of survival curves between two groups at the p=0.05 level. We also exmamined the survival times/rates of malignant gliomas according to treatment modalities(radiotherapy along, radiotherapy plus ACNU, and radiotherapy plus tamoxifen). Although the survival rate and time were slightly higher in radiotherapy plus tamoxifen group than those of another treatment groups, we could not find the statistical significance of survival curves between three treatment groups(p>0.05)). High-dose oral tamoxifen appeared to be well tolerated in most patients. Five patients developed anorexia following dose escalation of tamoxifen. Another complications were amenorrhea, nausea/vomiting, and constipation. There were no changes in hematological studies that could be attributed to tamoxifen. We think that high-dose tamoxifen can be administered safely to malignant glioma patients. Our results were not impressive. We conclude that the definition of the true efficacy of high-dose tamoxifen in patients harboring malignant gliomas is not possible from this limited study, and a further large scale, randomized trial of this agent is necessary.
Increased Serum Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Patients with Acute Variceal Bleeding
( Oh Sang Kwon ),( Hyuk Sang Jung ),( Kyung Sook Bae ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Yeon Suk Kim ),( Duck Joo Choi ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Ju Hyun Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.2
Background/Aims: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 can degrade essential components of vascular integrity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between those MMPs and variceal bleeding (VB). Methods: Fifteen controls, 12 patients with acute ulcer bleeding (UB) group, 37 patients with varix (V group), and 35 patients with acute VB group were enrolled. Serum was obtained to measure MMP-2 and -9 activity by zymogram protease assays. Results: The activity levels of these compounds were compared with the controls` median value. The median MMP- 9 activity was 1.0 in controls, 1.05 in the UB group, 0.43 in the V group, and 0.96 in the VB group. The level of MMP- 9 activity was higher in the VB group than in the V group (p<0.001). In the VB group, there was a signifi cant decrease in MMP-9 activity over time after bleeding (p<0.001). The median MMP-2 activity level was 1.0 in controls, 1.01 in the UB group, 1.50 in the V group, and 1.55 in the VB group. The level of MMP-2 activity was similar in the VB and V groups. Conclusions: The level of MMP-9 activity increased in association with VB. The role of MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of VB should be verifi ed. (Gut Liver 2012;6:249-255)