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윤선희,박정아 문화관광연구학회 2000 문화관광연구 Vol.2 No.4
This paper used psychological variables to understand outbound tourists' purchase behavior on life-style and purchase-style. The purpose of this study is to analyze lifestyle and purchase-style types of outbound tourists. Also it is to see if there is any relationship between life-styles and purchase styles. The research Method includes literary studies and empirical studies. Using 240 questionnaire respondence of outbound tourists, author conducted factor and cluster analysis with one-way ANOVA analysis. The results are as follows. First, the segment-markets according to the life-styles of outbound of tourists turned out to be external/achivemental, indivisualistic and traditional types. Second, purchase-style types of outbound tourists showed advertisement-purchase, safe-purchase, practical-purchase and loyal-purchase. Third, it reveals that there is difference between purchase styles and life styles. In conclusion, purchase-style variable as well as life-style one counts very usefully to be aware of the purchase behavior of outbound tourists.
변색 실활치에 대한 carbamide peroxide gel의 표백효과
박선아,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,윤창,박영준,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4
The bleaching of discolored nonvital teeth is conservative treatement that satisfy the cosmetic desire. The most common method for this treatement, walking bleaching, is using 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Many alternatives are suggested for preventing the external cervical root resorption that is the common complication of the nonvital teeth bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The same extent of oxidation reactions as that resulted by the bleaching with the application of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate can also be acquired more safely by materials that contain 10% carbamide peroxide, used primarily for the bleaching of vital teeth. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in nonvatal teeth bleaching. The internal bleaching of intentionally discolored teeth was performed in vitro with 10% carbamide peroxide (Group 1), 15% carbamide peroxide (Group 2), mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate (Group 3), and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate (Group 4). The bleaching materials were refreshed following 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. To evaluate the bleaching effect, the color change of the crowns was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 15 days of bleaching using the colorimeter. The results were as follows : 1. L^* and ΔE^* values were increased with time in all bleaching agents(p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference in L^* and ΔE^* value among bleaching agents. 3. Δ^* value higher than 3 was shown after 3 days of bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide gel, 1 day with 15% carbamide peroxide gel, 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and distilled water and 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. These results revealed that the use of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in non-vital teeth bleaching is as effective as mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Accordingly, carbamide peroxide could be used clinically to bleach discolored non-vital teeth.
Effect of genetic background differences between FVB and C57BL/6 mice in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Ah-Reum Kang,Hyun Ah Noh,Jae Hyung Son,Sun-Min Seo,Ji-Hun Lee,Na-Won Kim,Eun-Seon Yoo,Han-Bi Jeong,Da In On,Ji Yun Jang,Jun-Won Yun,Jun Won Park,Kang-Seuk Choi,Ho-Young Lee,Jun-Young Seo,Ki Taek Nam,J 한국실험동물학회 2022 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.7
New Constitutively Active Phytochromes Exhibit Light-Independent Signaling Activity
Jeong, A-Reum,Lee, Si-Seok,Han, Yun-Jeong,Shin, Ah-Young,Baek, Ayoung,Ahn, Taeho,Kim, Min-Gon,Kim, Young Soon,Lee, Keun Woo,Nagatani, Akira,Kim, Jeong-Il American Society of Plant Biologists 2016 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.171 No.4
<P>Plant phytochromes are photoreceptors that mediate a variety of photomorphogenic responses. There are two spectral photoisomers, the red light-absorbing Pr and far-red light-absorbing Pfr forms, and the photoreversible transformation between the two forms is important for the functioning of phytochromes. In this study, we isolated a Tyr-268-to-Val mutant of Avena sativa phytochrome A (AsYVA) that displayed little photoconversion. Interestingly, transgenic plants of AsYVA showed light-independent phytochrome signaling with a constitutive photomorphogenic (cop) phenotype that is characterized by shortened hypocotyls and open cotyledons in the dark. In addition, the corresponding Tyr-303-to-Val mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) phytochrome B (AtYVB) exhibited nuclear localization and interaction with phytochrome-interacting factor 3 (PIF3) independently of light, conferring a constitutive photomorphogenic development to its transgenic plants, which is comparable to the first constitutively active version of phytochrome B (YHB; Tyr-276-to-His mutant). We also found that chromophore ligation was required for the light-independent interaction of AtYVB with PIF3. Moreover, we demonstrated that AtYVB did not exhibit phytochrome B activity when it was localized in the cytosol by fusion with the nuclear export signal and that AsYVA exhibited the full activity of phytochrome A when localized in the nucleus by fusion with the nuclear localization signal. Furthermore, the corresponding Tyr-269-to-Val mutant of Arabidopsis phytochrome A (AtYVA) exhibited similar cop phenotypes in transgenic plants to AsYVA. Collectively, these results suggest that the conserved Tyr residues in the chromophore-binding pocket play an important role during the Pr-to-Pfr photoconversion of phytochromes, providing new constitutively active alleles of phytochromes by the Tyr-to-Val mutation.</P>
Han, Yun-Jeong,Cho, Kyu-Chang,Hwang, Ok-Jin,Choi, Yun-Sung,Shin, Ah-Young,Hwang, Inhwan,Kim, Jeong-Il Springer 2012 Plant cell reports Vol.31 No.9
<P>An Arabidopsis 관-glucosidase, AtBG1 is known to hydrolyze glucose-conjugated, biologically inactive abscisic acid (ABA) to produce active ABA, which increases the level of ABA in plants. Since an increase of ABA in plants confers tolerance against abiotic stress such as drought, we introduced the pCAMBIA3301 vector harboring the AtBG1 gene into creeping bentgrass through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. After transformation, putative transgenic plants were selected using the BASTA resistance assay at a concentration of 0.8%. Genomic integration of the AtBG1 gene was confirmed by genomic PCR and Southern blot analysis, and gene expression was validated by Northern blot and Western blot analyses. Interestingly, the transgenic bentgrass plants overexpressing AtBG1 had a dwarf phenotype with reduced growth rates when compared to wild-type creeping bentgrass. In addition, the transgenic plants accumulated higher ABA levels and displayed enhanced drought tolerance. These results suggest that the expression of AtBG1 in plants induces the accumulation of higher ABA levels, which results in the formation of dwarf creeping bentgrass and enhances the survival in water-limiting environments.</P>
박경훈(Kyeong-Hun Park),윤혜정(Hye-Jeong Yun),류경열(Kyoung-Yul Ryu),윤종철(Jeong-Chul Yun),이정주(Jeong-Ju Lee),황현아(Hyun-ah Hwang),김기덕(Ki-Deog Kim),진용익(Yong-Ik Jin) 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.6
대관령 농업지역의 연 평균기온은 6.4℃, 1월 평균 기온은 -7.6℃, 7월 평균 온도는 19.1℃이었으며 강수량은 1717.2mm, 안개 현상일수는 133일, 서리 현상일수는 59일 이었고, 특히 6월 8월 사이에 100 mm 이상의 집중 강우가 많았으며, 잦은 안개와 일조시간의 부족으로 병해충의 발생 및 작물생육이 불량한 것으로 관찰되었다. 수질모니터링 결과 작물재배시기에 T-N, T-P 등 영양물질의 수질오염도가 높았으며, 7월~8월의 강우에 의한 토양유실로 영양물질의 오염도가 높게 관찰되었다. 배추재배지에서 T-N 농도는 평균 9.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> (7.4~11.3)로 감자재배지의 평균 4.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> (3.1~7.2)의 2배 정도 높았고, T-P의 경우도 배추재배지에서 평균 0.084 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> (0.061~0.101)로 감자재배지 평균 0.036 (0.019~0.056) mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>의 농도보다 약 2배 정도 더 높았다. 부유물질 경우는 배추재배지가 평균 18.3 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> (3.0~53.0)로 감자재배지 평균 1.9 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> (0.5~3.0)로 무려 9배나 높았다. 이처럼, 배추재배지가 감자 재배지보다 수질 오염도가 높은 것은 대관령 지역에서 배추는 감자보다 생육기간이 짧고 또한 피복율도 작기 때문에 토양유실이나 양분유실이 많았던 것으로 판단된다. 경작중에 고랭지 작물재배지 토양을 분석한 결과, 작물별로 토양화학성의 차이는 작았으며, pH는 5.6~6.8사이, EC는 0.67~1.13 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>, 유기물은 18.0~42.4 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, 유효인산은 316~658 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, 치환성 칼륨은 0.41~0.88 cmolc kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, 치환성 칼슘은 3.7~7.1 cmolc kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, 치환성 마그네슘은 1.2~1.9 cmolc kg<SUP>-1</SUP> 범위였다. In order to provide the basic information on the agricultural environment in Daegwallyeong Highland, the characters of weather, water, and soil quality were investigated. The meteorological characteristics was monitored by automatic weather system (AWS) at 17 sites. The quality of water for samples were collected monthly at 24 sites depending on landuse style. Soil samples were collected from a forest, grassland, and the major vegetable cultivation areas such as potato, carrot, Chinese cabbage, onion, head lettuce, and welsh onion field. The weather showed the mountain climate, and the average yearly temperature is 6.4℃, the average temperature in January is -7.6℃ and the average temperature in July is 19.1℃, and the change of temperature on the districts of Daegwallyeong is severe. The yearly record of precipitation shows 1717.2 mm. The water quality of crop field was worse than forest or grassland in Daewallyeong highland. In 2005, annual T-N, T-P, SS distribution of Chinese cabbage field showed 7.4~11.3, 0.061~0.1, and 3.0~53.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>. The potato field showed 3.1~7.2 , 0.019~0.056 and 0.5~3.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. Being compared of water quality between potato field and chinese cabbage field, it showed that the water quality of Chinese cabbage field was worse than potato field. On farming, the soil of crop cultivation showed pH 5.6 to 6.8, 18.0~42.4 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP> of OM, 316~658 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> of Avail. P2O5. The content of cations showed 0.41~0.88 cmolc kg<SUP>-1</SUP> of Exch. K, 3.73~7.07 cmolc kg<SUP>-1</SUP> of Exch. Ca and 1.17~1.90 cmolc kg<SUP>-1</SUP> of Exch. Mg.