Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

Structure–function studies of a plant tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase provide novel insights into DNA repair mechanisms of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Kim, Hoyeun,Na, Sang ,Hyeon,Lee, So-Young,Jeong, Young-Min,Hwang, Hyun-Ju,Hur, Jae ,Young,Park, Sang-Hyun,Woo, Je-Chang,Kim, Sang-Gu Portland Press Ltd. 2012 The Biochemical journal Vol.443 No.1

<P>TDP1 (tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1), a member of the PLD (phospholipase D) superfamily, catalyses the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond between a tyrosine residue and the 3′-phosphate of DNA. We have previously identified and characterized the <I>AtTDP</I> gene in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>, an orthologue of yeast and human <I>TDP1</I> genes. Sequence alignment of TDP1 orthologues revealed that AtTDP has both a conserved C-terminal TDP domain and, uniquely, an N-terminal SMAD/FHA (forkhead-associated) domain. To help understand the function of this novel enzyme, we analysed the substrate saturation kinetics of full-length AtTDP compared with a truncated AtTDP mutant lacking the N-terminal FHA domain. The recombinant AtTDP protein hydrolysed a single-stranded DNA substrate with <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB> and <I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB>/<I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB> values of 703±137 nM and (1.5±0.04)×10<SUP>9</SUP>M<SUP>−1</SUP>·min<SUP>−1</SUP> respectively. The AtTDP-(Δ1–122) protein (TDP domain) showed kinetic parameters that were equivalent to those of the full-length AtTDP protein. A basic amino acid sequence (RKKVKP) within the AtTDP-(Δ123–605) protein (FHA domain) was necessary for nuclear localization of AtTDP. Analysis of active-site mutations showed that a histidine and a lysine residue in each of the HKD motifs were critical for enzyme activity. Vanadates, inhibitors of phosphoryl transfer reactions, inhibited AtTDP enzymatic activity and retarded the growth of an <I>Arabidopsis tdp</I> mutant. Finally, we showed that expression of the <I>AtTDP</I> gene could complement a yeast <I>tdp1</I>Δ<I>rad1</I>Δ mutant, rescuing the growth inhibitory effects of vanadate analogues and CPT (camptothecin). Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate the structure-based function of AtTDP through which AtTDP can repair DNA strand breaks in plants.</P>

미만성 경화 아형 갑상선 유두암 1예

최정민,이송주,김부경,최영식,박요한,김정훈,허방 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.1

The diffuse sclerosing variant (DSV) is a rare malignant tumour that accounts for 0.7-5.3% of all papillary thyroid cancers. DSV tends to occur at a younger age and has a higher incidence of cervical lymph node metastases, compared with papillary thyroid carcinoma. A 62-year-old female patient diagnosed thyroid nodule with diffuse and mild increased 18F-deoxy-glucose (FDG) on FDG positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomogram (CT) scan. The ultrasound images showed typical findings of DSV such as diffusely enlarged thyroid lobes and diffusely scattered microcalcification. We performed this patient ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration and cytologic analysis revealed papillary carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy with central compartment node dissection and lateral lymph node dissection was performed and finally diagnosed DVS. The authors report this case with literature review.

복합제어에 의한 증류탑의 제어

허영무,이종민,김영한 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1990 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.2

Adaptive control using combined of quadratic programming control and Dahlin's feedback control was used in the control of binary distillation column. Multi-input/ multi-output model was employed, and model parameters were calculated by the instrumental variable method at every sampling step. It was found that the combined control given stable action toward unexpected disturbances and its calculation procedure is easy and simple.

Semiconducting 2,6,9,10-Tetrakis(phenylethynyl)anthracene Derivatives: Effect of Substitution Positions on Molecular Energies

Hur†, Jung A,Bae, Suk Young,Kim, Kyung Hwan,Lee, Tae Wan,Cho, Min Ju,Choi, Dong Hoon American Chemical Society 2011 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.13 No.8

<P>2,6-Bis((4-hexylphenyl)ethynyl)-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene, <B>4</B>, and 9,10-bis((4-hexylphenyl)ethynyl)-2,6-bis (phenyl ethynyl)anthracene, <B>5</B>, have been synthesized to study their electronic and photophysical properties. It should be noted that the difference between these compounds is the substitution position of 1-ethynyl-4-hexylbenzene groups into an anthracene ring. In particular, substitution in the 9,10-positions of the anthracene ring enhanced J-aggregated intermolecular interactions. Since <B>5</B> has a lower bandgap energy and more compact film morphology, it exhibited higher hole mobility (∼0.27 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>) in thin-film transistor devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orlef7/2011/orlef7.2011.13.issue-8/ol200299s/production/images/medium/ol-2011-00299s_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ol200299s'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

뇌 해마의 배측 부분이 제거된 흰쥐에서 선조체기저핵과 중격측좌핵의 아미노산 분석

허영문,김종규,민영기 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.1

배측 해마와 복측 해마의 기능 분화가 있는지 또는 선조체기저핵과 중격측좌핵이 해마의 영향을 받아 아미노산 신경전달물질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위하여 대뇌피질을 거쳐 양쪽 해마의 배측 부위만을 제거한 해마군과 해마를 덮고 있는 대뇌피질 부분만을 제거한 대뇌피질 대조군, 그리고 정상 대조군을 마련한 다음, high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC)를 이용하여 orthophthalaldehyde (OPA) precolumn 유도체화법으로 선조체기저핵과 중격측좌핵 조직에서 여러가지 아미노산 함량을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 선조체기저핵의 아미노산 함량 : 배측 해마군의 threonine과 alanine의 함량은 정상 대조군 및 대뇌피질 대조군의 값사이에서 모두 유의하게 감소되었으나, 정상 대조군과 대뇌피질 대조군의 값사이에는 유의한 차가 없었다. 그리고 나머지 aspartate, hgutamate, serine 및 glycine의 값에는 세군 사이에 이렇다 할 차가 없었다. 2. 중격측좌핵의 아미노산 함량: 배측 해마군의 glutamate와 alanine의 함량은 정상 대조군 및 대뇌피질 대조군의 값사이에서 모두 유의하게 감소되었으나, 정상 대조군과 대뇌피질 대조군 사이에는 유의한 차가 없었다. 그리고 나머지 aspartate, serine, glycine 및 threonine의 값에는 세군 사이에 이렇다 할 차가 없었다. 이 실험 결과를 볼 때 선조체기저핵은 해마의 복측 부위보다 배측 부위의 영향을 더 많이 받으며, 선조체기저핵의 threonine과 alanine은 억제적 신경전달물질로 작용하는 것으로 보이며, 기능적인 면에서 선조체기저핵은 변연계 보다는 오히려 기저핵(basal ganglia)과 더 깊은 관계가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 중격측좌핵도 해마의 복측 부위보다 배측 부위의 영향을 더 많이 받으며, 중격측좌핵의 glutamate는 촉진적 신경전달물질로 작용하고, alanine은 억제적 신경전달물질로 작용하는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 중격측좌핵은 변연계와 더 깊은 관계를 가지며, 해마는 기능적으로도 분화가 되어있는 것으로 추리된다. In order to investigate that the free amino acids一glutamate, aspartate and other free amino acids might function as hippocampal neurotransmitters we analyzed the amino acid contents in the nucleus fundus striati and the nucleus accumbens septi tissue of the hippocampectomized female rats by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Thirty female rats, weighing about 230 g at the time of operation, were divided into 3 groups. Female rats that had their hippocampal tissue anterodorsal to the hippocampal flexure removed bilaterally through overlying cortex surved as a dorsal hippocampal group, rats that had only their cortical tissue overlying the hippocampus removed bilaterally as a cortical control group, and normal rats as a normal control group. After a survival period of 7 days, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Two to three milligrams of tissue were removed from the nucleus fundus striati and the nucleus accumbens septi in one side of the brain. Content of glutamate, aspartate and other free amino acid were measured using HPLC. 1. In the nucleus fundus striati, the contents of threonine and alanine were reduced significantly in the hippocampal group than in the normal control ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001 ) and the cortical control group ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001 ), while there were no significant differences between the 2 control groups. The differences in the contents of aspartate, glutamate, glycine and serine among the 3 groups were nonsignificant. Ablation of the dorsal hippocampus reduced the contents of threonine and alanine in the nucleus fundus striati. 2. In the nucleus accumbens septi, the contents of glutamate and alanine were reduced significantly in the hippocampal group than in the normal control group ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001 ) and the cortical control group ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001), while there were no significant differences between the 2 control groups. The differences in aspartate, serine, glycine and threonine among the 3 groups were nonsignificant. Ablation of the dorsal hippocampus reduced the contents of glutamate in the nucleus accumbens septi. Ablation of the dorsal hippocampus reduced the contents of alanine in the nucleus accumbens septi. From the above results it is suggested that there is a functional differentiation of the hippocampus.

컴퓨터 赤外線 全身體熱撮影과 FNT을 통해 살펴본 Bell's palsy에 대한 침치료의 臨床的 考察

尹敏永,趙恩嬉,許泰永,趙南根,文炯喆 한국전통의학연구소 2001 한국전통의학지 Vol.11 No.1

Object : This study is designed to evaluate the clinical therapy of acupuncture by the data of DITI(Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging) and FNT(Facial Nerve stimulation Test) examination and the changes of clinical symptoms after the therapy of acupuncture in the patients with Bell's palsy. Contents : The conservative therapy with acupuncture was performed during 1-8weeks. The acupuncture points of S4, S6, G14, S2, BL2, SI18, TE23, LI4 and S36 were used. In the pre- and post therapy, DITI examinations was performed in patients who had Bell's palsy and were treated by acupuncture, and then tried to correlate the results of clinical symptoms with the difference of thermographic findings. And FNT examinations were performed in the same patients above, and then tried to correlate the results of clinical symptoms with the difference of nerve response findings. Setting : The standard routine thermographic examination with thermography (DITI) and nerve response with FNT(Facial Nerve Stimulation Test) were performed in the 16 patients with Bell's palsy at pre- and post acupuncture. Patients : Thermographic imaging of 16cases was analyzed. They had diagnosed Bell's palsy. They were treated by acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in Wonkwang Oriental Hospital from Jauary, 1999 to February, 2000. Results : 1) The results of treatment showes that 56.25% of patients achieved clinical excellent recovery and 31.25% achieved good recovery. After compairing the DITI results before and after treatment, we found 43.75% of patients achieved excellent recovery and 43.75% achieved good recovery. 2) After compairing the FNT results before and after treatment, we found 25% of patients achieved excellent recovery and 56.25% achieved good recovery. Conclusion : 1) Acupuncture showed good results over 87.5% in clinical evaluation and 87.5% in DITI. Thermographic examination showes terapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment. 2) Acupuncture showed good results over 87.5% in clinical evaluation and 81.25% in FNT. FNT showes nerve response recovery effect of acupuncture treatment.

산삼 배양액 급여가 돈육의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향

진상근,김일석,송영민,허선진,박기훈,정기종,김동훈,노정만 진주산업대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2006 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.13

Berkshire를 이용하여 70일간 산삼 배양액 급여 시 육의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향은 다음과 같다. 산삼 배양액의 급여에 의해 육의 수분, 조단백, 조지방, 회분, pH, 가열감량, 콜레스테롤 함량, 육색, 조직감의 응집성과 검성, 포화지방산 및 불포화지방산의 비율은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 보수력, 지방색 L^(*)값, 지방산 중 linoleic acid(18:2), arachidonic acid(20:4), 필수지방산의 함량, 아미노산 중 threonine, glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, lysine 및 총아미노산 함량은 산삼 배양액의 급여에 의해 감소하였다. 전단가, 조직감의 표면경도, 경도, 씹힘성, 지방산 중 stearic acid(18:0), oleic acid(18:1) 함량, 아미노산 중 serine, glycine, cystine, methionine, tyrosine 및 phenylalanine의 함량은 산삼 배양액의 급여에 의해 증가하였다. 본 연구결과를 종합하면 산삼 배양액의 급여는 돈육의 경도를 증가시키는 효과 외에 뚜렷한 이화학적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이러한 이유는 급여된 산삼 배양액 내에 함유된 생리활성 물질의 함량이 낮고, 급여수준이 낮은 결과로 사료되어진다. A total of 60 pigs (Berkshire) were used to investigate the effect of dietary artificial culture medium of wild ginsengs (CMG) on physico-chemical characteristics of pork. About 60 kg pigs were randomly alloted into one of two experimental diet groups (C:commercial diet feed; T:commercial diet + 1 L CMG per day for 70days). Pigs were slaughtered at approximately 110 kg live weight, and chemical composition and physico-chemical characteristics were measured in pork loin. Moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash were not significantly different by dietary artificial culture medium of wild ginsengs. Water-holding capacity was decreased by dietary artificial culture medium of wild ginsengs, while shear force was increased. However, pH, cooking loss and cholesterol contents were not significantly different between two different treatments. In color, L^(*) of fat was decreased by dietary artificial culture medium of wild ginsengs. Brittleness, hardness and chewiness were increased in dietary artificial culture medium of wild ginsengs group. In fatty acid, stearic acid (18:0) and oleic acid (18:1) were higher in dietary artificial culture medium of wild ginsengs group, whereas linoleic acid (18:2) and arachidonic acid (20:4) were higher in control group. In amino acid, serine, glycine, cystine, methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were higher in dietary artificial culture medium of wild ginsengs group, whereas threonine, glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine and lysine were higher in control group.

골격근 근형질세망의 ATPase활성도에 대한 Vanillylnonanamide의 영향

박경섭,홍장희,류영수,성지연,허강민,임종호,이재흔,석정호 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.2

To investigate the effect of vanillylnonanamide(VN) on the ATPase activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) of the skeletal muscle, we prepared the SR vesicles from the back muscle of the rabbit, and measured ATPase activity. The results as follows: Ca-ATPase activity was about 50% in the total ATPase activity of skeletal muscular SR. In the reaction mixture with calcium, 100μM VN increased ATPase activity to 20%, and 100 nM and 10 μM thapsigargin(THP) inhibited the ATPase activity to 50% and 60%, respectively. And 100 μM VN plus 100 nM or 10 μM THP more inhibited ATPase activity than THP alone did it. However, without calcium, 100μM VN did not affect ATPase activity, and 10 μM THP inhibited it to 41%, but VN plus THP inhibited it to 31%. The above results show that VN in the reaction mixture with or without calcium has the different action to ATPase activity when it is used alone or together with Ca-ATPase inhibitor THP. This suggests that VN might increase or decrease the skeletal SR Ca-ATPase activity through affecting the lipid membrane around the Ca-ATPase.

Facile Synthesis and Radioiodine Labeling of Hypericin

Kim, Sang-Wook,Park, Jeong-Hoon,Yang, Seung-Dae,Hur, Min-Goo,Kim, Yu-Seok,Chai, Jong-Seo,Kim, Young-Soon,Yu, Kook-Hyun Korean Chemical Society 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.8

Hypericin (1,3,4,6,8,13-hexahydroxy-10,11-dimethylphenanthro[1,10,9,8-opqra]perylene-7,14-dione), an antidepressant which is also known to be a potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor was synthesized as a precursor for radioiodine labeling via two step reactions. Malignant glioma cells express higher PKC activity compared to untransformed glial cell. Here we report the synthesis and radioiodine labeling of hypericin as a potential brain tumor imaging radiopharmaceutical. The reference compound, 2-iodohypericin, and its radiolabelled analogues, 2-[$^{123}I$]iodohypericin and 2-[$^{124}I$]iodohypericin have been prepared by the reaction of hypericin with NaI or [$^{123}I$]NaI or [$^{124}I$]NaI. The labeling yield was 60-65% for each analogue and the optimal reaction time was 10 min. The purification and isolation of the labelled products were achieved by a reversed-phase HPLC.