Valuation of ecosystem services in the organic carbon of the Pinus densiflora forest at Mt. Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City

Lee, Eung-Pill,Lee, Soo-In,Jeong, Heon-Mo,Han, Young-Sub,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Park, Jae-Hoon,Jang, Rae-Ha,Hong, Youg-Sik,Jung, Young-Ho,Kim, Eui-Joo,Lee, Sang-Hun,You, Young-Han The Ecological Society of Korea 2019 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.43 No.4

Background: Standing biomass, litter production, rate of litter decomposition, amount of litter on forest floor, and amount of soil organic carbon distribution were investigated from March 2016 to November 2018 in order to evaluate the ecosystem value through organic carbon distribution in the Pinus densiflora forest at Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City. Results: The amount of organic carbon in the Pinus densiflora forest was 261.09 ton C ha^-1 during the research period, and fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 3.2 ton C ha^-1 year^-1. The organic carbon in plant was 62.77 ton C ha^-1 (24.04%), in litter on the forest floor was 3.65 ton C ha^-1 (1.40%), and in soil was 194.67 ton C ha^-1 (74.56%). The value of plant, litter on forest floor, and soil organic carbon distribution were each 6,277,000 won ha^-1, 365, 000 won ha^-1, and 19,467,000 won ha^-1. The value per ton of fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 320,000 won ha^-1 year^-1 and the value of ecosystem services stored in carbon in the Namsan forest ecosystem was about 26.1 million won ha^-1 for 3 years. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the pine forests of Namsan rapidly decompose leaves due to the high atmospheric temperature and accumulate a large amount of organic carbon in the soil to provide climate control regulatory service function.

RapidEye 영상을 활용한 대형산불피해지의 온실가스 배출량 추정

원명수 ( Myoung Soo Won ),김유승 ( You Seung Kim ),김경하 ( Kyong Ha Kim ) 한국지리정보학회 2014 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 RapidEye 영상을 활용하여 2013년 발생한 대형산불 피해지역(울주, 포항, 봉화)을 대상으로 온실가스 배출량 추정하였다. 온실가스 배출량 추정은 2006 IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 가이드라인에서 제시하는 추정식을 이용하였다. 본 연구에서는 최대우도법을 기반으로 한 감독분류를 실시하여, 산불피해지역의 강도등급 및 피해면적을 산출하였으며, 현장정보와 비교하여 정확도 검증을 실시하였다. 산불피해 등급별 정확도 평가 결과는 평균적으로 전체정확도 73.93%과 Kappa 계수 0.67로 나타났다. 2013년 대형산불피해지의 온실가스 배출량 추정은 울주지역 CO2 63,260, CO 5.207, CH4 360, N2O 28.0, NOx 4.4 g/kg-1·ha-1, 포항지역 CO2 28,675, CO 2.359, CH4 163, N2O 12.7, NOx 1.9 g/kg-1·ha-1 그리고 봉화지역 CO2 53,086, CO 1,655, CH4 114, N2O 23.5, NOx 3.6 g/kg-1·ha-1로 나타났다. This study was performed to estimate Greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions from biomass burning at large forest fire(Ulju, Pohang and Bonghwa) in 2013. The extended methodology to estimate GHGs adopted the IPCC(Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines(2006) equation. For classifying fire damaged area and analyzing burn severity of total three large-fire area damaged, this study used post-fire imagery from Rapideye imagery to compute the Maximum Likelihood Classifiction (MLC). The result of accuracy assessment on burn severity from imagery showed that average overall accuracy was 75.93% and Kapp coefficient was 0.67 Finally, GHGs emissions from biomass burning in the three large-fire area 2013 were estimated as follows: Ulju CO2 63,260, CO 5.207, CH4 360, N2O 28.0 and NOx 4.4 g/kg-1·ha-1, Pohang CO2 28,675, CO 2.359, CH4 163, N2O 12.7 and NOx 1.9 g/kg-1·ha-1 and Bonghwa CO2 53,086, CO 1,655, CH4 114, N2O 23.5 and NOx 3.6 g/kg-1·ha-1.

중간세공탄소를 담체로 사용한 직접메탄을 연료전지용 Pt/C 촉매제조

하승백,김현수,최재식,정원섭,이호인 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

For the direct methanol fuel cell, the expensive cost of Pt is one of the most important factors. In this study, various kinds of support were synthesized and chosen for highly dispersed catalysts which need less amount of Pt and show higher activity. A mesoporous carbon was selected as a support which has 5 times larger specific surface area than Vulcan XC-72, a commercial support. Such a large surface area gave an advantage in the dispersion of Pt, but a disadvantage in electric conductivity which could be solved by increasing the carbonizaton temperature in the preparation of mesoporous carbon. These prepared mesoporous carbons were used as supports of Pt. Among the catalysts, the catalyst using mesoporous carbon carbonized at 1000 ℃ showed better activity than the catalyst using Vulcan XC-72 as a support showing the best activity. From the XRD analysis, the activity was proportional to the dispersion of Pt.

자발성 뇌내혈종환자의 치료에서 뇌정위 수술의 역할

하성일,이종수,이승재,박효일 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.2

Computerized tomography(CT) have been available for diagnosis and localization of intracerebral hematoma. CT-guided stereotactic evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma was performed in 34 cases : 25 basal ganglionic hematomas with or without ventricular perforation, 4 subcortical, 3 thalamic, 1 cerebellar and 1 pontine. The biplane CT image were taken to determine the coordinates of the target point, which was the center of the hematoma. The liquefied or solid portion of the hematoma was aspirated though a burr-hole under local anesthesia. And a silastic tube(3.3㎜ in outer diameter and 2.0㎜ in inner diameter) was then inserted into the center of the hematoma. Immediately after the first trial of hematoma aspiration, urokinase(6000 IU/5㎖ saline) was administered through the tube. Subsequently, aspiration and infusion of urokinase were repeated every 6 or 12 hours until the hematoma was almost completely evacuated. The follow-up results indicate that this procedure was more superior over the conventional craniotomy. This CT-guided stereotactic operation has the following advantages: 1) the procedure is simple and safe : 2) the procedure can be performed under local anesthesia: and 3) the hematoma can be completely drained with the aid of urokinase. This procedure can be used as standard treatment for intracerebral hematoma. We have draw the following conclusions : As a result of the above study. 1) Stereotactic surgery is more effective in the patients with neurologic grade 3 than conservative one(P<0.05). 2) To use of urokinase or perform the early surgery within 24 hours did not seem to be the cause of rebleeding. 3) In the case of pons or cerebellar hemorrhage, stereotactic surgery had definite benefit in the recovery of consciousness even if recovery of motor function was dismal. 4) In patients with spontaneous ICH, the favorable prognostic indicatiors were as follows : the size of hematoma less than 50㎖, no signs of transtentorial herniation and patient's age under 60.

열교환기 구조 변화에 따른 NH₃와 R22의 성능특성연구

하옥남,하경수,이승재,정송태 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

Nowadays HCFCs refrigerant are restricted because it cause depletion of ozone layer. However, natural gases such as ammonia as an organic compound, propane and propylene as hydrocarbon are easy and cheap to obtain as well as environmental. Accordingly, this experiment apply the NH3 and R22 to study the performance characteristic from the superheat control and compare the energy efficiency of two refrigerants from the high performance. The condensing pressure of refrigeration system is increased from 15bar to 16bar and degree of superheat is increased from 0 to 10℃ at each condensing pressure. As the result of experiment, when comparing the each COP, we knew the NH₃ is suitable as the alternative refrigerant of the R22.

생쥐 중이와 상기도 점막의 섬모세포운동

정하원,오승하,유원석,이강수,모지훈,전상준,김인상,김종선 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.9

전두부축소술과 두피축소술시 새로운 봉합시도

박수완,윤을식,박승하,구상환 大韓成形外科學會 2001 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.28 No.4

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)항응고제에 의한 Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV)변화

홍승민,박영진,최하영,임진,정옥연,이호준,이호영,장숙진,문대수 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.2

It is essential that we put the anticoagulant into the blood specimen of the CBC test. However, the value of some parameters in the CBC test can be changed whenever using some anticoagulants. EDTA anticoagulant is mostly used these days. There are 3 kinds of EDTA, that is K_(2-), K_(3-), and Na_(2-) EDTA. The author studies how many effects each the EDTA gets into the true value of blood specimen for MCV of RBCs. Especially we compared the MCV effect of different concentrations of 3 EDTA anticoagulants on the bias with time and instrument. Some results are gotten. In our results, K_(3-)EDTA anticoagulant shows more satisfactory MCV value than K_(2) or Na_(2-)EDTA. On using concentration of EDTA, 1.5㎎ EDTA/㎖ of blood show more satisfactory MCV value than 7.5㎎ EDTA/㎖ of blood. However, the choice of anticoagulant may be dependant on the different instruments.

불포화 사질토양을 이용한 도시하수의 3차 처리

김승현,정종배,하현수,Prasher, Shiv O. 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.2

모래층 토양이 도시하수의 l3차 처리에 이용될 경우 COD 제거율은 적용유량에 관계없이 약 70%에 이르는 것을 알 수 있었다. 적용유량이 증가함에 따라 COD제거에 필요한 토양층의 깊이가 증가하여 50 L/day의 유량에서는 약 60 cm에 달하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 질산화는 매우 빨라서 표층토양 10~20 cm에서 반응이 거의 완료됨을 알 수 있었다. 총질소의 제거율은 유량에 상관없이 약 20%로 낮은 편이었으며, 이에 대한 보완책이나 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 잔디를 식재할 경우 오염물의 처리효율에는 영향이 거의 없으나 투수능 유지에는 도움이 되는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 토양에 함유된 유기물로부터 상당한 양의 오염물이 용출되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 탈질과정에서는 아산화질소도 발생하므로 본 연구의 결과를 현장에 적용하기 전에 이에 대한 추가적인 연구도 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Treatment of secondary effluent was investigated using sandy soil as a possible alternative to the tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater. Secondary effluent was applied with three different flow rates to the surface of pilot scaled lysimeters, which were filled with sandy soil. Some of the lysimeters were covered with sod, while others were kept bare in order to investigate the role of plantation on the treatment. The concentration changes in COD and nitrogen were measured along the unsaturated soil depth. The same set of experiment as with the secondary effluent was performed using tap water to investigate the dissolution of the contaminants from the soil. From the results it was found that when sandy soil was used for tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater COD removal efficiency reached about 70% regardless of the application rate. The soil depth needed to obtain such efficiency increased along with the application rate, which was about 60 cm at the application rate of 50 Wday. Results also showed that nitrification occurred rapidly. The process was completed in soil depth of first 10-20 cm Nitrogen removal efficiency was as low as about 20% regardless of the application rate. Some supplementary means should be considered to improve the efficiency. Sod on the soil surface had no significant influence on the contaminant treatment but was helpful to keep the infiltration rate undiminished. Finally, the organic soil was found to release significant amount of contaminants when it was in contact with soil water.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)항응고제에 의한 Mean Corpusculaar Volume(MCV)변화

홍승민,박영진,최하여,임진,정옥연,이호준,이호영,장숙진,문대수 조선의대 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.2