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모지훈,정영준,Tomoko Hayashi,이종대,Eyal Raz 대한천식알레르기학회 2011 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.3 No.3
Purpose: To determine the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) in priming effector T cells to induce allergy, and to evaluate the effect of immunostimulatory sequences (ISS, TLR9 agonist) on dendritic cells. Methods: Cultured mDC and pDC with/without ISS were injected intratracheally into sensitized Balb/C mice. Mice were sacrificed, and then pulmonary function tests, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), cell counts, and cytokine levels were evaluated. Migration of dendritic cells was also evaluated after ISS administration. Results: In mice injected with mDC, airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil counts, and Th2 cytokine levels in BAL increased with increasing numbers of mDC injected. However,in mice injected with pDC, none of these changed, suggesting poor priming of T cells by pDC. In addition, mDC pulsed with ISS inhibited asthmatic reactions, and ISS administration inhibited migration of DC to the lung. Conclusions: We suggest that pDC played a limited role in priming T cells in this asthma model and that mDC played a major role in inducing asthma. In addition, ISS inhibited migration of DC to the lung.
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모지훈 대한비과학회 2013 Journal of rhinology Vol.20 No.1
As society industrializes and develops, people become increasingly concerned about quality of life and sleep-related disorders. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) includes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and upper airway resistance syndrome. Most of the patients that snore have OSA, and OSA can result in not only cardiovascular and neuro-cognitive diseases but also in severe morbidities and mortalities; therefore, its importance cannot be emphasized too strongly. The mechanism by which OSA induces such morbidities is related to sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia, which result in sympathetic activation, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic dysregulation. All of these conditions produce a humoral imbalance, a hypercoagulable state, and atherosclerosis, which finally result in multi-morbidities. These comorbidities include cardiovascular, respiratory, neurologic, metabolic, and genitourinary disorders. The clinical relevance of OSA is mainly due to its strong association with morbidities such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, and neurocognitive and mood disorders. A high mortality rate has also been associated with OSA. It is important to acknowledge the comorbidities of OSA to achieve a better understanding of the disease and for better treatment of patients with OSA. In this review, the comorbidities of OSA will be discussed in detail.
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편측성 비부비동염에서 최근 유병률 변화 경향 및 감별진단에 유용한 인자
모지훈,정동식,정영준 대한비과학회 2018 Journal of rhinology Vol.25 No.1
Background and Objectives: Unilateral sinus lesions can be caused by many diseases and exact preoperative diagnosis is often difficult to make. The aims of this study were to evaluate the recent trends for prevalence of unilateral sinus lesions and find useful factors in differential diagnosis. Materials and Method: Preoperative clinical diagnosis including computed tomography (CT) images, endoscopic findings and postoperative diagnosis based on pathology were assessed retrospectively in 384 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral sinus surgery from 2004 to 2013. Results: Chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis (40%) was the most common cause of unilateral sinus lesions, followed by fungal sinusitis (21%), benign and malignant tumors (14%), and odontogenic sinusitis (11%). The incidence of odontogenic sinusitis has recently increased and mismatches of pre- and post-operative diagnosis were commonly found among patients with chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis, fungal sinusitis, or odontogenic sinusitis. Microcalcification in fungal sinusitis and dental lesions in odontogenic sinusitis were confirmed as critical factors by logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The incidence of odontogenic sinusitis has been increasing steadily over the last 10 years. The findings of microcalcification and dental lesions on CT could provide crucial information to make a precise preoperative diagnosis among chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis, fungal sinusitis and odontogenic sinusitis.
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모지훈,노동환,김인상,민양기,이철희,이재서 대한이비인후과학회 2005 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.48 No.2
Background and Objectives:It is often observed that the nasal cavity becomes atrophic with old age. However, there is no exact data that prove senile atrophic changes in the nasal cavity. Thus we evaluated the efect of aging on the dimension and the resistance of the nasal cavity. Subjects and Method:One hundred twelve healthy subjects free of nasal diseases were included in this study. Acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry were performed before and after nasal decongestion. The subjects were classified into 6 age groups and cros-sectional area (CSA) measured by acoustic rhinometry and the total nasal resistance were analyzed by rhinomanometry among each group. Results:with age. However, there was no significant diference before and after nasal decongestion. The average values of CSA at the attachment of the inferior turbinate before and after decongestion were on the increase with age. However, the diference of CSA between pre- and post-decongestion did not change significantly with age. Rhinomanometry showed that nasal resistance markedly decreased from twenties and thirties but did not change significantly after the thirty decade. Conclusion:The dimension of nasal attributed to the structural change such as bony atrophy rather than mucosal change.
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모지훈 대한비과학회 2014 Journal of rhinology Vol.21 No.1
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease, and variousfactors, such as inflammation,infection, fungus, and superantigens, have been proposed to play crucial roles in its pathogenesis. Recently,the dominant mechanismof CRS pathogenesis has shiftedfrom microbial infection and environmental factors to host susceptibility. Host susceptibility relies not only on adaptive immunity, but also on innate immunity, and there has recently been much research into innate immunity. Innate immunity is an evolutionally conserved immunesystem that recognizes microbial signature molecules via pattern recognition receptors and is a primary defensesystem that elicits inflammatory and bactericidal responses. Dysfunction of the host response to pathogens is suggested to be involved in pathogenesis of CRS and an irrelevant response of the host’s innate immunity could cause a failure toeradicate the pathogens, thereby contributing to CRS pathogeneses. Among these innate immune systems, toll-like receptors and epithelial barrier functions have been studied extensively, and new players, such as innate lymphoid cells,have beensurfacing. Betterunderstanding of innate immunity couldhelp to investigateand treat this complex disease. In this review, toll-like receptors, epithelial barrier functions, and innate lymphoid cells,among many subjects related to innate immunity,will be discussed in terms of pathogenesis.
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소아 비부비동염 환자에서 비내시경 수술의 장기 추적 결과
모지훈,김상협,정영준 대한비과학회 2019 Journal of rhinology Vol.26 No.1
Background and Objectives: Chronic pediatric sinusitis continues to be a challenging problem to otolaryngologists and hasbeen reported to show worse prognosis than that of adults. However, most studies were performed with short-term follow-up. Inthis study, we aimed to assess the clinical outcome of pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) with a longer follow-up and todetermine the effect of age on postoperative outcome. Subjects and Method: A retrospective analysis was performed on pediatric patients than 15 years with ESS younger from2005 to 2014 in a tertiary referral hospital. All patients completed a questionnaire regarding symptoms before to from 1 to 9 yearsafter surgery. Telephone survey was performed to evaluate symptoms including nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, PND, andheadache at 1 to 9 years after surgery. Results: Seventy-one pediatric patients with bilateral chronic sinusitis were treated with ESS. They showed gradual symptomimprovement from 5 year after surgery for the following: nasal obstruction (p=0.032), PND (p=0.005), and headache (p=0.048). However, there was improvement in rhinorrhea after 9 years (p=0.042). In addition, when analyzed in terms of age, the outcomewas poor in children younger than 13 years (p=0.003) compared with the older age group. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperativenasal obstruction was dependent on AR, and postoperative symptoms were dependent on presence of AR and involuntarysmoking. Nasal discharge was dependent on presence of AR and involuntary smoking preoperatively and postoperatively. These suggest the importance of AR and involuntary smoking as risk factors for prognosis. Conclusion: Chronic pediatric sinusitis showed gradual improvement after ESS and should be more carefully monitored on along-term basis. We should keep in mind that long-term follow-up is needed for pediatric ESS cases.
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모지훈,김지선,이재욱,정필상,정영준 대한이비인후과학회 2013 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.6 No.2
Objectives. Cartilage reshaping by laser irradiation is used to correct septal and auricular cartilage deformities. Chondrocyteviability following laser irradiation and reshaping has been well established. However, the regeneration process ofchondrocyte after laser irradiation has not been revealed yet. The aims of this study were to determine the mechanismof cartilaginous thermal injury and the regenerative process of damaged cartilage following laser irradiation. Methods. Laser irradiation was performed on human septal cartilage and rabbit auricular cartilage using a 1,460-nm diodelaser. We observed change in the shape of cartilage and evaluated the extent of cartilage injury using live/dead cell assayvia confocal microscopy. Hoechst and propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to evaluate the mechanism of chondrocyteinjury after laser irradiation. To evaluate the regeneration of cartilage, laser irradiated cartilages were reimplantedinto a subperichondrial pocket and were harvested at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after reimplantation for viability assessmentand histologic examination. Results. Laser irradiation using a 1,460-nm diode laser produced a marked shape change in both human septal and rabbitauricular cartilages. Thermal damage on cartilage was correlated with the exposure time and the laser power. Hoechstand PI staining showed that chondrocyte death by laser irradiation was due to mainly necrosis, rather than apoptosis. In lower power treatment group (0.3 W and 0.5 W), all the chondrocytes regenerated within 4 weeks, however, in 1W treatment group, chondrocytes could not regenerate until 4 weeks. Conclusion. Reshaping of cartilage using 1,460 nm diode laser was attained concurrently with the thermal injury to thechondrocytes. The extent of thermal damage on chondrocytes was dependent on the exposure time and the laser powerand the damaged chondrocytes irradiated with lower level of laser power could be regenerated after reimplantationinto subperichondrial pocket.
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