Water-soluble Genistin Glycoside Isoflavones Upregulate Antioxidant Metallothionein Expression and Scavenge Free Radicals

Chung, Mi-Ja,Kang, Ah-Young,Jun, Hee-Jin,Kim Sang-Yeon,Moon, Tae-Hwa,Park, Kwan-Hwa,Lee, Sung-Joon 생명자원연구 2005 생명자원연구 Vol.13 No.-

보조자극분자를 이용한 암치료

장미라,윤희령,성인옥,정상원,김용찬,손정희,이혜영,강광일,백상기,김영상 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2002 생물공학연구지 Vol.8 No.1

Tumor cells express tumor-associated antigen which can be target to the cytotoxic Tlymphocytes. CTL precursor activation requires antigen recognition and cytokine help from Th cells. In this pathway, the cross-presentation mechanism, professional antigen presenting cells first pick up tumor antigen and present the antigen to Th cells. Another pathway is to activate CTL precursor by the direct priming. The tumor cells, however, lack costimulatory signal, which is required for full activation. The lymphocytes recognized specific antigen without costimulatory signal resulted in anergy. Tumor cells engineered to express the costimulatory molecules are better immunogen and induce antitumor immunity. We will discuss the recent progress in tumor therapy using the costimulatory molecules on the basis of the direct priming mechanism.

B형 간염바이러스 항원 preS 및 S부위가 포함된 동물세포 발현벡터의 제작

정성균,윤미숙,정대균 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1

현재까지 혈장유래 백신이나 재 조합 DNA 기술을 이용한 백신이 HBV 감염을 우수하게 억제하였음에도 불구하고, 성 관련 질병이나 마약중독 환자의 경우 낮은 면역력을 나타내며, HLA haplotype 유전자의 이상으로 인하여 T 세포 면역 반응이 활성화 되지 않는 환자들에게는 제한적인 면역능이 확인되고 있다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 기존에 사용하던 S 항원에 Pre S1이나 Pre S2 항원을 첨가하는 새로운 백신 개발에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. Pre S2 항원은 HBV 비리온의 표면에 존재하는 표면 단백질이며(Heermann 등, 1984) human serum albumin과 결합 한 후(Krone 등, 1990) 간세포의 표면에 존재하는 human serum albumin receptor를 통하여 HBV를 간세포에 결합시키는 역할을 한다(Pontisso 등, 1989). 또한 pre S2 항원은 현재 S 항원 a 결정자의 HBV의 subtype 별 아미노산 차이에 의한 B 세포 관련 면역성 차이를 극복할 수 있어 heterologous strain의 감염에 따른 비 면역성의 문제를 극복 할 수 있다. 이와 같은 pre S2 항원의 특징을 근거로 하여 본 연구에서는 pre S2와 S 항원을 백신으로 사용하고자 발현벡터인 pIEspHBVS2-dhfr을 제작하였다. 일반적으로 포유동물 세포주에서 고 농도의 단백질을 발현시키기 위한 방법으로 2가지 구별된 벡터를 사용한다. 그 중 하나는 cytotoxic drug인 methotrexate(MTX)와 반응하여 유전자가 증폭되는 dihydrofolate reductase 유전자(dhfr)을 포함하는 발현 벡터를 사용하는 것이며, 다른 하나는 chromatin structure을 조절하는 요소인 matrix attachment regions(MARs)와 scaffold attachment regions(SAR)을 사용하여 높은 transcriptional 활성을 나타내는 유전적 환경을 제공함으로써 유전자 발현을 증가시키는 벡터를 사용하는 것이다(Raju 등, 2001). 또한 포유동물세포에서 외래 유전자 발현의 최대화는 프로모터의 세기와 연관이 있음으로, 우수한 프로모터를 사용하는 것이 가장 필수적이다. 이런 이유로 본 연구에서는 HBsAg유전자 증폭을 위하여 dihydrofolate reductase 유전자(dhfr)와 다양한 포유동물세포에서 강력한 프로모터로 알려져 있는 HCMV immediate-early enhancer promotor를 사용하였다(Kim 등, 2002). 따라서 본 연구에서 제작된 발현벡터인 pIEspHBVS2-dhfr은 dhfr 유전자가 발현시키고자 하는 HBsAg 유전자와 동일한 벡터 내에 존재함으로 이 벡터를 포유동물세포주인 CHO 세포에 형질 전환 시 동시에 CHO 세포 내로 도입되고 또한 염색체 DNA상의 동일 위치에 삽입되게 되어 동시 발현함에 따라 dhfr 선별배지에서 선별된 dhfr 양성 세포주들 모두는 고농도의 HBsAg 단백질을 발현할 것으로 사료된다. A new mammalian cell expression vector for HBsAg, preS and S, was constructed using HCMV imediate early enhancer promoter. In order to develop vaccines against HBV, 10 different plasmids expressing various regions of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were constructed. In order to amplify the HBsAg expression, we inserted dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene into the plasmid containing nucleotide 2878 to 846 of HBV genome (pIEsp2878-dhfr).

초등 신임교사의 직무역량 요구도 분석

정제영,윤홍주,김갑성,강태훈,류성창,선미숙 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2016 교사교육연구 Vol.55 No.2

The purpose of this research was to analyze the needs assessment of beginning teacher’s job competence in elementary schools. For this purpose, an on-line questionnaire was created and sent to 14,398 teachers in 17 Local Education Provinces. The questionnaire composed of 10 areas related to job skills of beginning teachers. The result of survey indicated that the priority of job competencies required for beginning teachers are ‘student guidance and counseling’ and ‘conjunction with parents and the community’. For future the competence of elementary school teachers, ‘the actual problem solving skills’, ‘relationship skills’, ‘communication skills’, ‘patience’, and ‘conflict management skills’ appeared to be needed. Furthermore, programs to enhance job competences in the future should involve ‘mentoring’ and ‘school based peer supervision’. This research concludes with these practical suggestions; First, on-the-job training needs to be strengthened to develop the expertise of beginning teachers. Second, in order to improve the job competence of new teachers in newly appointed elementary teachers, a training program to identify the needs new teachers needs to be developed. Third, the teachers’ appointment and rotation policy are needed to be reconsidered.

영아자(Phyteuma japonicum Miq.)의 성분 조성

정미자,신정혜,이수정,홍성국,강호중,성낙주 한국식품영양학회 1998 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

산채식물인 영아자(Horned Rampion ; Phyteuma japonicum Miq.)의 영양학적인 가치를 평가코져 야생 및 평지재배 시료를 잎과 줄기로 구분하여 일반성분, 비타민 C, 유리당, 무기물, 핵산관련물질, 구성 아미노산 및 유리아미노산을 분석하였다. 야생과 재배 영아자의 회분은 1.2∼2.7%의 범위였고, 조지방과 조단백질은 재배시료가 조섬유는 야생시료에서 더 높은 함량으로 정량되었고, 전당은 두 시료간에 대차를 보이지 않았다. 비타민 C는 줄기보다는 잎에서 재배시료보다는 야생시료에서 더 높게 정량되었다. 유리당은 야생 및 재배시료 모두 glucose, frucose 및 sucrose가 잎보다 줄기에서 높게 정량되었다. 무기물은 총 9종이 분석되었는데 이중 칼슘의 함량이 가장 높아 재배시료의 경우 잎은 34374.0㎎/㎏, 즐기는 9584.1㎎/㎏였고, 그 다음으로 칼륨, 마그네슘의 순으로 많았으며, 야생시료도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 핵산 관련물질은 CMP, UMP, IMP, AMP 및 hypoxanthine이 동정되었는데 잎과 줄기 모두 야생시료에서는 hypoxanthine이, 재배시료에서는 AMP가 월등히 높게 정량되었다. 구성아미노산은 총 17종으로 야생시료에서는 glutamic acid, 재배시료는 잎의 경우 aspartic acid, 줄기의 경우 glutamic acid의 함량이 가장 많았다. 유리아미노산은 총 29종이 동정되었고 야생시료의 잎에서는 glutamic acid, 줄기에서는 γ-aminoisobutyric acid, 재배시료의 줄기에서는 asparagine이 가장 높은 함량으로 정량되었다. This research is to establish the basic data of the nutritive value and improve our diet. In the part of th leaf and stem of the wild cultivated horned rampion(Phyteuma japonicum Mig), the components such as chemical composition, vitamin C, free sugar, mineral, nucleotide and its related compounds, composition and free amino acid were analyzed one after another. Content of the crude lipids and proteins was determined much higher in its wildness than in its cultivated horned rampion ; while, that of carbohydrates was higher in the former than in the latter. The content of vitamin C was retained higher in the leaf than in the stem horned rampion. And the content of calcium among the detected minerals was outstanding in all of the samples collected, and potassium and magnesium was the next ones in its order. The main components of free sugars in both the wild and cultivated horned rampion were glucose and fructose, and their content was higher in the stem than in the leaf. Nucleotide and its related compounds were identified with 5 kinds of nuciotides such as CMP, UMP, IMP, AMP and hypoxanthine(Hx), and the content of Hx and AMP was the highest in the wild and cultivated samples, respcetively. In the composition amino acid of the wild horned rampion, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and phenylalanine was outstandingly abundant; while, such amino acid as methionine and proline was small and besides cysteine couldn't be detected in the stem. Total amounts of composition amino acid in the leaf was 2118.0 and 1120.1㎎% in the wild and cultivated sample, respectively. In the free amino acid of horned rampion, the total amount ranged from 8.5 to 50.1㎎%, which were lower level than that of composition amino acid. But the number of free amino acid was 29 kinds, which was bigger in its number than of composition amino acid detected 17 kinds.

대장균에서 대량 생산한 B형 간염바이러스 X 단백질의 발현 특성

정미경,민성식,이희구,오은숙,이혜경,이태규,임종순,박순희 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.4

The X protein of human hepatitis B virus (HBx) consists of 154 amino acids and transactivates various cellular and viral promoters and enhancers. This protein has been also implicated in virus-mediated oncogenesis of hepatocytes. However, there are still controversial reports on its mechanism related to its oncogenicity. To elucidate the presence of any correlation between immune responses against HBx protein and hepatitis pathogenicity, convenient sources for recombinant HBx protein and anti-HBx antibodies are necessary. Three recombinant vectors were constructed to express the X open reading frame (ORF) of hepatitis B virus in E. coli. Recombinant E. coli transformed with one of these plasmid, pET- AX plasmid, which containd X ORF deleted in N-terminus, did not produce HBx protein. However, when X ORF containing 154 amino acids was cloned in pET, the HBx protein was produced. A GST fusion protein containing 146 amino acids encoded by ORF X was also successfully expressed. This protein was produced in large quantities of more than-60% of total proteins However, nonfused HBx protein was produced in small quantities. As both proteins were produced in inclusion bodies, HBx recombinant GST-fusion protein was further proccessed for purification. GST-X fusion protein was solubilized by sarkosyl. The solublized protein was purified by affinity to glutathione sepharose bead. The purified HBx protein was fairly good immunogen eliciting good humoral immune responses in mice. We produced polyclonal antibodies against HBx recombinant proteins and confirmed the specificity of the antibodies.

패션 트랜드에 나타난 퓨전스타일 연구

정삼호,이유미,문선정 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2002 생활과학논집 Vol.15 No.-

As the diversity and plurality of social structure has transformed the minds of consumers, the 21st century' fashion puts much importance to the individual preference of self-satisfaction. Fusion points to a social phenomenon reflecting the characteristics of this age and its materials are subject to changes in accordance with the common trends of a society or the atmosphere of this age, Fusion is possessed of the unique indications of the times, trying to become merged with other factors for one factor only cannot face the changes and shocks of this age. So the phenomenon of fusion should be examined from the aspects of its management and social culture as well as its environment in consideration of the fact that fusion is based on the desire of an individual, a real consumer. The researcher systemizes theories on fashion trends and fusion phenomenon, inspecting the fusion images of 1999 S/S-2001 S/S Fashion Trends, and analyzes designers' works and explores the characteristics of fusion fashion. The findings of the research can be summarized as follows. First, as anxiety is connected with needs for diversity and freshness due to the confusing and complicated social phenomena of the end of the 20th century and the new Millenium, a variety of factors in society al integrated and combined into fusion culture with a view to meeting such needs. Second, the features of fusion styles appearing in the 21st century can be classified into five categories. ① The phenomenon of the genderless harmony between men and women acts as part of attempts at recovering the nature of human beings and overcoming the crisis of the end of the 20 century when established value collapsed by means of making the dual aspects of human beings coexist. Costumes are utilized to create new feelings on the basis of a combination of the beauty of man and woman without negating the features of each sex. ② Fusion styles are characterized by the harmony of the East and the West. This zen style comes from the movement of human beings turning their interest to the inner world after being confronting with the limits of materialism and scientific civilization. That is, those fed up with excessive materialism are eager to turn to the spiritual culture of the East for a countermeasure. ③ The timeless harmony between the past and the future is highlighted in search of newness with the view of breaking away from the stress and busy routines of modern civilization and of satisfying the needs of human beings for calm scenery. ④ The cultureless harmony between superior culture and inferior culture is utilized for fashion designers to get inspiration from the latter and to spread the poverty-based images of their works to the upper class of society. In this context, hippies, punks and grungy look, or what not come to the fore. This study will hopefully serve as basic materials to predict the fashion style of the future by making study of the 21st century's fusion phenomenon. This study is designed to look at the phenomenon from various angles and to contribute to the development of design and the fashion industry by planning, manufacturing and presenting fusion design capable of satisfying the needs of customers. It is necessary that the collections of foreign and domestic designers should be analyzed in order to grope for the future orientation of the Korean fashion industry.

일부 여대생의 스트레스와 철분 영양상태에 관한 연구

승정자,하보경,김미현,최선혜 숙명여자대학교 건강. 생활과학연구소 1999 生活科學硏究誌 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the iron status of 39 female adult who divided into five groups according to the stress condition. The iron status was evaluated based on dietary intake and blood analysis. The average age of the subjects was 23.10years, and the average score of BMI was 20.06kg/m2. The proportion of subjects in each stress condition was : 2.56%(1) in A1type(the group who easily get disease associated with stress), 64.10%(25) in A2type(condition susceptible to the disease associated with stress), 30.77%(12) in ABtype(middle type of A and B), 2.56%(1) in B2type(appropriate stressed condition) and 0%(0) in B1type(risk free to the disease associated with stress). The average daily intake of energy in study subjects was 2,399kcal, ti caloric ratio of carbohydrate, protein, fat was 59.90 : 14.39 : 25.71, respectively. There was no significant difference in anthropometric measurements, dietary intake status, hematologic indices of iron status between high stress group(A1type and A2type) and low stress group(ABtype and B2type). To compare the iron stores between high stress group and low stress group, subjects in each group were devided into iron 0 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg group. Stress level did not affect iron stores although in both groups, number of subjects in iron 0 mg group were higher than those of iron 250 mg and 500mg groups. Correlation coefficients between anthropometric measurements, nutrient intake status, hematologic indices of iron status and stress score of subjects did not reveal any significance. Therefore, the results suggest that psychological stress did not affect the iron status in normal female adult. However, be more systematic study on stress and the iron status is required in the future.

상아질 전처리 방법이 상아질과 Glass lonomer Cement간의 결합강도에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구

임미경,정상백 大韓齒科保存學會 1992 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.17 No.2

This is a study on the effect of the edntinal pretreatment method to the bond strength between dentin and glass ionomer cement. In this study, 196 human molar teeth with sound crown were used. The dentin surfaces of these teeth were exposed with wet trimmer and polished with #800 Emory paper and teeth were divided into 7 group according to the pretreatment agent and method. Each group has 4 subroups of the kinds of glass ionomers. The shear bond strength were measured by Instron Unibersal Testing machine model 1122. The data of the evaluations were then subjected to statistical analysis using one way ANOVA and the result were as follows: 1. In durelon liquied 20 sec scrubbing & Vitrebond filling surbgroup, shear bond strength was highest with measurements of 72.419(kg/㎠) and in no pretreatment & Shofu lining cement filling subgroup, lowest with measruement of 4.77(kg/㎠). 2. In no pretreatment group, statistical significant differences were found between the subgroups of G-C lining cement and Shofu lining cement. 3. In Ketac conditioner 20 sec scrubbing group, Vitrebond were bonded stronger than others, and in Ketac conditinoer 10 sec passive contact group, it has the significant difference with other glass inomers except G-C liing cement. 4. The subgroup og G-C dentin conditioner 20 sec scrubbing & G-C lining cement filling was bonded to dentin stronger than the subgroup of no pretretment & Shofu lining cement. In G-C dentin conditioner groups, both of 10 sec passive contact and 20 sec scrubbing, Vitrebond has highest bond strength among the subgroups. 5. The subgroup of Durelon liquie 10 sec passive contact & G-C lining cement filling was bonded to dentin stronger than the subgroup of no pretretment & Shofu lining cement. Also in both Durelon liquid groups, Vitrebond were bonded to dentin with the highest strength among the subgroups.

일부 부인과 양성 질환자의 지방조직 및 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도

박성균,이강숙,노영만,구정완,민선영,한진구,고원경,김미란,정재근,이종승,김진홍 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도를 측정하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려진 요인들과의 관련성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 유방암, 자궁내막증 등 유기염소계 화합물의 영향이 있는 것으로 알려진 호르몬 관련 질병을 제외한 부인과 환자 52명을 대상으로 지방조직과 혈청을 분석하였으며, 설문조사를 통하여 연령, 교육수준, 직업, 비만도, 흡연과 음주, 출산력, 수유력등을 조사하였다. 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도는 가스크로마토그래피를 사용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 지방조직의 경우, 13개 PCBs congeners 농도의 합은 중앙값이 48.29 ng/g, 기하평균값이 56.78 ng/g이었고, DDE 농도는 중앙값이 142.89ng/g, 기하평균값이 117.06 ng/g이었으며, 혈청의 경우는 PCBs congeners 농도의 합은 중앙값이 4.67 ㎍/L, 기하평균값이 4.85 ㎍/L이었고, DDE 농도는 중앙값이 1.75 ㎍/L, 기하평균값이 2.09 ㎍/L로 나타났다. 지방조직과 혈청의 DDE 농도 사이는 높은 상관성을 보였으나(r²=0.310, p=0,0002), PCBs는 상관성이 약한 것으로 나타났다(r²=0.029, p=0.2582). 영향요인을 범주화한 후 로그변환 시킨 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs, DDE 평균의 차이를 분석한 결과, 지방조직의 DDE만이 출산자녀수(p=0.015), 초산연령 (p=0.014), 비만지수(p=0.035)와 연관성이 발견되었다 다중회귀분석의 결과 지방조직의 DDE는 출산자녀수가 적을수록, 초산연령이 늦을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론 : 출산자녀수와 초산연령, 비만도가 지방조직의 DDE와 관련성을 보였으며, 또한 유기염소계 화합물의 장기간의 노출에 의한 영향을 평가하는데 있어서 혈청보다 지방조직이 더 유용한 생물지표임을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : This study was purposed to determine the levels of PCBs and DDE in adipose tissue and serum and to evaluate the relations with factors affecting these levels. Methods : We analyzed adipose tissues and sera from 52 gynecologic benign disease patients aged 27-78 years, except hormonal diseases such as breast cancer and endometriosis. We also surveyed age, education, occupation, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, number of children, and duration of breastfeeding by questionnaires. Tissue and serum levels of PCBs and DDE were measured using gas chromatography. Results : The median and geometric mean levels of PCBs were 48.29 ng/g, 56.78 ng/g for adipose tissue and 4.67 ㎍/L, 4.85 ㎍/L for serum, and those of DDE were 142.89 ng/g, 117.06 ng/g for adipose tissue and 1.75 ㎍/L, 2.09 ㎍/L for serum, respectively. Adipose tissue and serum levels for DDE showed high correlation (r²=0.310, p=0.0002), but those of PCBs didn't (r²=0.029, p=0.2582). In analyses of the differences of the means of log transformed adipose tissue and serum PCBs and DDE levels for groups of potential covariates, only adipose tissue DDE levels were significantly associated with number of children (p=0.015), age at first birth (p=0.074) and BMI (p=0.035). In multiple regression analysis, adipose tissue DDE levels were significantly increased with decreasing number of children and increasing age at first birth. Conclusions : This study suggested that parity and adiposity were associated with levels of DDE in adipose tissue, and adipose tissue is a better biomarker than serum for evaluating the long-term exposure of organochlorines.