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장미라,윤희령,성인옥,정상원,김용찬,손정희,이혜영,강광일,백상기,김영상 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2002 생물공학연구지 Vol.8 No.1
Tumor cells express tumor-associated antigen which can be target to the cytotoxic Tlymphocytes. CTL precursor activation requires antigen recognition and cytokine help from Th cells. In this pathway, the cross-presentation mechanism, professional antigen presenting cells first pick up tumor antigen and present the antigen to Th cells. Another pathway is to activate CTL precursor by the direct priming. The tumor cells, however, lack costimulatory signal, which is required for full activation. The lymphocytes recognized specific antigen without costimulatory signal resulted in anergy. Tumor cells engineered to express the costimulatory molecules are better immunogen and induce antitumor immunity. We will discuss the recent progress in tumor therapy using the costimulatory molecules on the basis of the direct priming mechanism.
장미라,홍미선,정소영,최부철,이경아,금진영,김일영,김정헌,채영주 한국식품위생안전성학회 2014 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.29 No.2
To assess the health risk for benzo(a)pyrene by the intake of edible oils, 288 cases of edible oilscollected from food markets were analysed using the high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescencedetector. The levels of benzo(a)pyrene were from non-detection to 4.78 μg/kg, and the average was 0.11 μg/kg. Thechronic daily exposures of benzo(a)pyrene for total population group and consumer-only group were estimated usingthe food consumption data in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011. The estimateddaily intake of benzo(a)pyrene was 4.26 × 10−3 ng/kg b.w./day for total population group and 7.64 × 10−3 ng/kgb.w./day for consumer-only group. The MOE (margin of exposure) of benzo(a)pyrene for total population group andconsumer-only group was 7.28 × 107~1.74 × 108 and 3.95 × 107~9.42 × 107, respectively. Accordingly, the health riskfrom benzo(a)pyrene caused by the intake of edible oils was considered as a very low level.
장미라 한민족문화학회 2018 한민족문화연구 Vol.64 No.-
The study looks at the cohesion of complex sentences as part of the discussion on improving Korean learners' reading and writing skills. Korean language education has rarely addressed how understanding and using the complex sentences impacted on learners' ability to read and write. First of all, we looked into the concepts and definition of cohesion, and concluded that the conjunctions shown in complex sentences are cohesion. This verified that we understand the correspondence of connective endings, nominal Ending, adnominal Endings, and connective endings-correspondence patterns as types of cohesion mechanism in complex sentences rather than grammar items. In order to solve the difficulties for Korean learners to understand and use the complex sentences in reading and writing, we looked into the cohesion mechanism as its relationship to the complex sentences, rather than understanding the complex sentences as one of the grammar items. This will help Korean learners to improve their reading and writing skills. 이 연구는 한국어 학습자의 읽기 능력 및 쓰기 능력 향상을 위한 논의의 일환으로 한국어 복문의 결속 구조에 대해 살펴보고 있다. 한국어 교육에서 복문의 이해 및 사용 능력이 학습자의 읽기 능력과 쓰기 능력에 영향을 미치는가에 대해서는 거의 다루지 못했다. 이에 먼저 결속 구조에 대해 알아보고, 복문에 나타나는 접속의 관계를 결속 구조로 이해하였다. 그리고 전성어미, 연결어미, 전성어미와 연결어미에 대응하는 표현을 문법 항목이 아니라 결속 기제로서 이해할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다. 한국어 학습자가 읽기 및 쓰기에서 겪는 복문 이해 및 사용의 어려움을 해결하기 위해, 문법 항목 중심의 복문 이해가 아니라 문법적 결속 기제로 복문 내 관계를 살피도록 하였다. 이를 통해 한국어 학습자의 읽기 및 쓰기 능력 향상을 도모할 수 있다.
LC-MS/MS를 이용한 유통 건고추와 고춧가루의 잔류농약 평가
장미라,김은희,신재민,박영혜,박혜원,김진경,홍미선,유인실,신용승 한국식품위생안전성학회 2021 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.36 No.1
2018년과 2019년에 서울에서 유통 중인 건고추 및 고춧가루에 대해 잔류 농약 안전성 검사를 실시하였다. 총 101건의 시료에 대해 71종 농약을 모니터링한 결과 잔류허 용기준을 초과한 시료는 없었으나 잔류농약이 검출된 시료는 87건으로 86.1%의 검출률을 나타내었다. 건고추와 고춧가루 검출률은 각각 73.3%, 91.5% 이었다. 고춧가루의 잔류농약 검출률이 건고추에 비해 다소 높게 나타났 다. 검출된 농약은 12종이었으며 모두 작물보호제 지침 서에 따른 고추에 사용가능한 살균제 및 살충제이었다. 가장 다빈도로 검출된 농약은 pyraclostrobin이었으며 다음으로 flubendiamide, azoxystrobin, chlorantraniliprole 순이었다. 검출된 농약에 대한 위해성을 ADI(Acceptable daily intake)대비 식이섭취율로 산출하여 평가한 결과, %ADI는 모두 5.66E-05 – 3.34E-02%로 나타나 안전한 것으로 나타났다. The monitoring of residual pesticides in dried chili peppers and chili powders, which are circulated in Seoul from 2018 to 2019, was conducted for safety evaluation. As a result of analyzing for 71 kinds of pesticide residues in 101 cases of samples, pesticides were detected in 87 samples; however, no samples exceeded the MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits). Detection rates of pesticides in dried chili peppers and chili powders were 73.3% and 91.5%, respectively. The detection rate of residual pesticides in chili powders was a little higher than that in dried chili peppers. Twelve types of pesticides were detected, however, those pesticides were acceptable to use on peppers, according to the Crop Protection Guidelines. The most frequently detected pesticide was pyraclostrobin followed by flubendiamide, azoxystrobin, and chlorantraniliprole. The risk for detected pesticides was estimated as the ratio of ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) to food intake rate. The ADI value resulting by intake of dried chili peppers and chili powders was in the range of 5.66E-05 to 3.34E-02, which was within a safe level.