한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

제주 성상 S/S MTr #1 행원 풍력단지 전압해석

김상준(Sang-Jun Kim),조민호(Min-Ho Cho),윤기갑(Gi-Gab Yoon),장상옥(Sang-Ok Jang),안정식(Jeong-Shik Ahn) 대한전기학회 2003 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.11

신도시 중심지계획에 나타난 거점공간조직에 관한 연구

김태만,강상훈,심우갑 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.9

With an introduction of a new terminology, 'anchor system', this study aims to find out how anchor system of CED is applied to new town planning 10 Korea. Based on theoretical researches, we defined 'anchor' as 'facilities or districts which are concentrated In CBD with key functions to boost the development of Its neighborhood And 'anchor system' IS a urban fabric organized With anchors 10 CBD In case study, SIX different cases of new town planning In Korea Since the late 1980s were analyzed, urban spatial configurations of anchor system were studied together with Its functions, establisher, establishing dates, etc The result of the study showed that department stores, broadcasting stations, convention centers, and public offices were utilized as anchors including subway stations and open spaces Depending on situations of neighborhood areas of new towns and financial status of their establishers, anchors were applied at different times, sometimes at early stages, sometimes at final stages But It must be point out that most anchors Which established at early stages were developed by public sector Compared to early cases which have weak network of anchors and no plan for serial development of anchors, recent cases show more tight network of anchors and integrated anchors

거점공간조직에 따른 중심지 개발 패턴에 관한 연구

김태만,강상훈,김대성,심우갑 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.9

This study is to analyze 'anchor system' strategies in CBD. We selected five cases of new town development with 'anchor's and urban axises in 19808, two Korean new towns(Bundang and Ilsan) and three Japanese towns(Tokyo Waterfront City, Minatomirai21 and Makuhari New City) Though all the cases utilized anchors and urban axises In a CBD, they have shown different patterns of anchor distribution In new towns such as Bundang, Ilsan and Tokyo Waterfront City, those anchors are decentralized, while In the other cases, Minatomirai21 and Makuhari New City, anchors are centralized In the CBD Those anchors such as convention center, exhibition hall and business sectors are mostly determined by public corporations and developed as development-leading facilities In Korean cases, those facilities sometimes failed to follow original Intention of master plan or located apart from urban axises On the other hand, Japanese anchors, centered on urban axises, show more systematic patterns of CBD development than those In Korea.

Vector 合成法을 이용한 Booming Noise 低減에 關한 硏究

김재열,유신,오성민,장종훈,김갑중 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究 Vol.19 No.1

Booming Noise of a Automotive can be divided in Air Borne Noise and Structure Borne Noise. In this study, Booming Noise is reduced by the vector Synthesis method. The vibration that transferred by the engine is managed. The car that by the used model is composed of Mount system supported to three point with 2000 cc 14 engine FR vehicle. The vibration that is transmitted from propeller sharft and Differential Gear to Sub Frame and Suspention effect Booming Noise. but, The vibration that generated by the Mount has Booming Noise more than it. So, We research that sound generated by the Mount and reduce that Booming Noise used the Dynamic Damper. The Booming. Noise by the vector Synthesis. is reduced in 2000 ~ 4000 rpm front of vehicle. We know that Booming Noise is reduced into hoped for rpm by the vector Synthesis.

상악골에 발생한 악성섬유성조직구종의 치험례

이상철,김여갑,류동목,이백수,윤옥병,신민철 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1998 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.20 No.1

측모 두부방사선계측사진 분석과 측모 사진 분석의 비교

김광원,임성훈,조주영,최갑림 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.1

오래 전부터 교정진단 및 치료계획 수립 시 골격 및 치열 관계와 안모를 분석하기 위한 필수적인 진단 자료로 측모 두부방사선계측사진을 이용하였다. 하지만 최근 들어 심미적인 측면이 강조되면서 좀 더 정량화된 연조직 분석법이 필요하게 되었고 좀 더 사실적인 연조직 측모를 얻기 위해서는 측모 두부방사선계측사진보다는 측모 사진이 더 유용할 것이다. 아직까지 측모 사진을 계측, 분석하는 경우는 드물었기 때문에 이 연구에서는 측모 사진의 계측 분석을 측모 두부방사선계측사진 분석과 비교해 봄으로써 연조직과 경조직 분석이 서로 상관관계를 갖는지를 알아보고 그 대체 가능성을 시험 평가해 보고자 하였다. 교정과에 내원한 환자들 중 측모 두부방사선계측사진의 계측치인 ANB를 기준으로 Ⅰ급 부정교합(0˚~4°) 32명, Ⅱ급 부정교합(4°≤) 32명, Ⅲ급 부정교합(5°~0°) 31명을 선정하였다. 각 피험자들의 측모 두부방사선계측사진과 측모 사진을 각각 촬영하여 수평적, 수직적 계측 항목을 설정한 후 각 계측치들의 평균과 표준편차를 구하였고 통계적 유의성을 알아보기 위해 표준화 변수 Z를 이용한 t-test와 상관분석을 이용하였다. 분석 결과 측모 두부방사선계측사진 분석에서 세 그룹 간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이는 계측치들이 측모 사진에서도 유사한 차이를 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과 측모사진은 Sn-N'-Pg'은 측모 두부방사선계측사진에서 상,하악골의 전후방적인 관계를 나타내는 ANB를 대신하여 사용될 수 있으며, 측모 사진의 N'-Sn/Sn-Pg'은 측모 두부방사선계측사진의 NA/APg (ficial convexity)을, 그리고 측모 사진의 N'-Tra-Me'는 측모 두부방사선계측사진의 FH-MP (mandibular plane)을 대신하여 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. Alalysis of lateral cephalometric radiograph (cephalogram) has been used routinely to evaluate skeletal and dental relationships, but alalysis of the lateral facial photograph has not been used frequently for evaluation of skeletal relationships. As concerns about harm of X-ray irradiation increases, this study was planned to evaluate the possibility of substituting analysis of the lateral cephalogram with analysis of the lateral facial photograph by comparing these two analysis. According to the ANB values from cephalometric analysis, subjects were divided into three group: ClassⅠmalocclusion group (n = 32). Class Ⅱ malocclusion group (n = 32), and Class Ⅲ malocclusion group (n = 31). After measurements of angles indicating horizontal and vertical relationships of the maxilla and mandible on the lateral cephalograms and photographs, differences between ClassⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were evaluated. To evaluate the similarity between two similar values in the cephalograms and photographs, t-test using standardized variable Z and correlation analysis were performed in the Class Ⅰmalocclusion group. The results show that 1) SnN'Pg' on the photograph can be used to evaluate the antero-posterior relationship of the maxilla and mandible (ANB), 2) N'-Sn/Sn-Pg' on the photograph can be used to evaluate facial convexity (NA/APg), 3) Sn-Tra-Me' on the photograph can be used as a measurement similar to FMA, In conclusion, partly substituting lateral cephalogram analysis with lateral facial photograph analysis was possible in the evaluation of the maxilla and mandible.

두부 위치 변화에 따른 파노라마 방사선사진상의 치축각도의 왜곡

전현상,최갑림,임성훈,김광원 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.4

본 연구는 파노라마 방사선사진에서 두부 위치 변화에 따라 인접 치아장축 사이에 이루는 각도가 어떻게 변화되는 지 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 정상교합자의 모델을 기초로 하여 3차원 solid 모델을 구성하고 이를 신속 조형모델(rapid prototyping, RP)로 제작하였다. 다음 9가지 두부위치들을 5주 동안 일주일 간격으로 재위치시키고 촬영하였다: ideal head position, 5^(o), 10^(o) up, 5^(o), 10^(o) down, 5^(o), 10^(o) right up, and 5o,^(o) 10^(o) right rotation. 파노라마 방사선사진 촬영은 디지털 방사선 촬영기(Planmeca ProMax)를 이용하였고 모니터상에서 직접 인접 치아장축을 표시하고 그 사이 각도를 계측하였다. 그 결과 이상적인 두부 위치와 다양한 두부 위치 변화에 따라 촬영한 파노라마 방사선사진 사이에 인접 치아장축 사이의 각도가 대부분 유의한 차이를 보였다. 수평축(X축)을 중심으로 고개를 든 경우, 각 치아 들의 장축이 교합평면을 향하여 수렴하는 경향을 보였고 고개를 숙인 경우에는 치근단측을 향하여 수렴하는 경향을 보였으며, 이는 특히 전치부에서 가장 큰 차이를 보였다. 전후방축(Y축)을 중심으로 좌우측으로 고개를 기울인 경우, 교합평면이 올라간 쪽의 치아장축은 치근단측을 향하여 수렴하는 경향을 보였고 교합평면이 내려간 쪽은 교합평면을 향하여 수렴하는 경향을 보였다. 수직축(Z축)을 중심으로 고개를 좌우로 회전시킬 때, 고개를 돌린 쪽의 측절치와 견치는 치근단측을 향하여 수렴하고 반대측의 측절치와 견치는 교합평면을 향하여 수렴하였다. 이상의 결과들로 볼 때 파노라마 방사선사진 촬영 시 두부의 위치 변화에 따라 치근 평행도가 달라지기 때문에 환자를 올바르게 위치시키는것이 중요하며, 교정 환자에서 파노라마 방사선사진을 이용하여 치근 평행도를 평가할 때 교합평면의 경사(전후방,좌우측방)나 악궁의 비대칭 등이 반드시 고려되어야 할 것이다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of head position changes on the root parallelism between adjacent teeth on panoramic radiographs. Methods: A model with normal occlusion was constructed in the SolidWorks program, then RP (rapid protyping) model was fabricated. The model was repeatedly imaged and repositioned five times at each of the following nine positions: ideal head position, 5^(o), 10^(o) up, 5^(o), 10^(o) down, 5^(o), 10^(o) right up, and 5o,^(o) 10^(o) right rotation. Panoramic radiographs were taken by Planmeca ProMax and the angle between the long axes of adjacent teeth was directly measured in the monitor. Results: Axes of adjacent teeth tended to converge toward the occlusal plane when the head tilted up and converged in the opposite direction to the occlusal plane when the head tilted down. Anterior teeth showed the most notable differences. When one side of the head tilted up 5o and 10o along the anteroposterior axis (Y axis), tooth axes of the same side tended to converge toward the occlusal plane and tooth axes of the opposite side tended to converge in the opposite direction to the occlusal plane. When the head rotated to one side along the vertical axis (Z axis), the canine and lateral incisor of the same side converged in the opposite direction to the occlusal plane and the canine and lateral incisor of the other side converged toward the occlusal plane. Conclusions: When assessing the root parallelism on panoramic radiographs, the occlusal plane cant (anteroposterior or lateral) or asymmetry of the dental arch should be considered because these can cause distortion of tooth axes on panoramic radiographs.

하악골에 발생한 거대한 cemento-ossifying fibroma의 치험례

이상철,권용대,이백수,김여갑,류동목,박종오 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.1

The cemento-ossifying filbroma is a well-demarcated and occasionally encapsulated neoplasm composed of fibrous tissue that contains varying amounts of calcified tissue resembling bone, cementum, or both. The greatest number of cases are encountered during the third and fourth decades of life and there is a definite female predilection, with female-to-male ratios as high as 5 : 1 being reported. The mandible is involved far more than the maxilla, and 90 percent of all cases are located in the mandible. The mandibular premolar-molar area is the most common site. Radiographically, the lesion is most often well defined and unilocular. Depending on the amount of calcified produced in the tumor, it may appear as completely radiolucent : more often it shows varying degrees of radiopacity. Some lesions may be largely radiopaque with a radiolucent halo. On microscopic study, the tumor is composed of fibrous tissue of varying degrees of cellularity containing calcified material. This may be in the form of trabeculae of osteoid and bone or basophilic ovoid calcifications that resemble cementum-like material. Admixture of the two types of calcifications are commonly seen. On this case, large cemento-ossifying fibroma has grown in the mandible and this lesion was treated by complete surgical excision and posterior iliac bone graft. A review of literature and a report of a case of cemento-ossifying fibroma are presented.

AFM 측정법에 의한 초정밀 가공면의 특성 평가 연구

이갑조,정종수,김상복,김종관 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

High speed cutting is a machining process which cuts materials with the fast movement and rotation of a spindle in a machine tool. High speed cutting leaves a plastically deformed layer on the machined surface. This deformed layer affects in various forms to the surface roughness of machined parts such as the dimensional instability, the micro crack. The surface roughness is called surface integrity which is very important in precision cutting. This paper aims to study on the machined surfaces characteristics of aluminum alloy and brass by AFM(Atomic force microscope) measurement. The objective is contribution to ultra- precision cutting by exhibit foundation data of surface roughness and tool wear when parts are cutting with diamond tool at the factory.