간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

Lipopolysaccharide 로 유발된 생쥐 무릎관절낭 염증에 관한 형태학적 연구 : 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막의 변화를 중심으로 Based on the Morphological Changes of Synovial Membrane and Fibrous Membrane

김진택,안상현,최난희,정재만,박인식,강윤호,김호현,이해풍 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1999 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구는 관절염 유발시 일어나는 관절낭의 형태학적 변화를 조사하기위해 ljpopolysaccharide(LPS)주사로 인위적 관절낭 염증을 유발시킨 후 시간경과에 따른 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막의 형태 변화를 관찰하였다. BALB/C 암컷 생쥐 오른쪽 무릎관절낭에 LPS 300㎍/㎏를 주사한 후 3, 7 그리고 14일에 무릎관절을 얻었다. 무릎관절은 4주동안 EDTA용액에 탈회한 후 통상적 방법으로 paraffin에 포매하였다. 또한 윤활관절막의 미세구조변화는 embed812로 포매한 후 관찰하였다. LPS 주사후 관절연골 인접부위의 윤활관절막에서 시작된 세포과형성(hyperplasia)은 시간 경과후 전체 윤활관절막으로 확대되었다. 윤활관절막내의 미세구조의 변화로는 윤활포식세포(type 1)가 관절강내로의 많은 돌기(filopodia)를 내었고, 잘 발달된 과립형질내세망을 가지는 type 2 윤활분비세포의 숫적 증가가 보였다. 한편 LPS 주사후 섬유관절막에서 나타나는 형태학적 변화는 collagen fiber 생성에 의한 섬유화가 증가되며, 이러한 섬유화를 주도하는 섬유모세포의 이주증가파 관찰되었다. 또한 혈관 주위에서는 백혈구의 이주 증가가 나타났으며, 탈과립형(degranulated type) 비만세포가 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 LPS 주사로 관절낭에서 염증이 유발되어 윤활관전막과 섬유관절막에서 형태학적 변화가 나타났다. 이러한 일련의 형태학적 변화는 발병초기 류마티스성 관절염에서 나타나는 병리학적 소건과 동일한 결과로서, 앞으로 진행될 치료제 개발과 유발기전에 관한 해석을 위한 in vivo 실험의 적절한 모델로 기여한 것으로 기대된다. Synovial joint of BALB/C mice were injeced with Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were observed to investigate the morphological changes of synovial capsule caused by rheumatoid arthritis(RA). The RA on female Balb/c mice were induced by LPS injection, as dose of 300㎍/㎏, into synovial cavity of knee joint. And then these specimen were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and were decalcificated in EDTA solution for 4 weeks. The hyperplasia of synovium were appeared in synovial membrane. The filopodia of phagocytic like synoviocyte(type Ⅰ synoviocyte) projected into synovial cavity and the number of fibroblast like synoviocyte(type Ⅱ synoviocyte) with well-developed endoplasmic reticulum were increased in synovium. In fibrous membrane, the fibrosis induced by synthesis of collagen fiber were enlarged to all fibrous membrane, and the number of fibroblast were increased. A great number of inflammation component cell as Iymphocyte and neutrophil leukocyte were infiltrated around capillary and the degranulate typed mast cell were increased. As results indicated that the hyperplasia of synovium induced by LPS, subsequently to cause the fibrosis, infiltration of imflammation component cell, and increase of degranulated type mast call as same as symptoms of RA.

The Effect of Bench-Step Exercise Training for 16 Weeks on Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in Middle Aged Obese Women with Hypertension

Kim, Junghoon,Jeong, Nan-Hee1,Nho, Ho-Sung 한국운동영양학회 2003 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.7 No.1

지역별 주민정보화수준 측정에 관한 연구

김난희,장필석 대불대학교 2001 論文集 Vol.7 No.1

Informatization in the highly informatized society becomes the necessary and indispensible aspect for social development, not the matter of choice. As the expectation that the imbalance of local development deepened by the existing industrialization and the consensus that informatization is a requirement for the improvement of quality of life and the local development are formed, the efforts for local informatization was initiated in each region. In this social atmosphere, it is an inevitable process to measure the informatization level of local residents, the subject and the user of local informatization, and to compare and analyze the informatization levels between regions for studying the current informatization levels of such regions and promoting the further balanced local informatization. This study was conducted to measure the informatization level of local residents by regions, to compare and analyze the local information level of local residents between regions, and to examine the appearance of information levels in each region. Two study methods were used to perform this study: preceding case study for tentative index selection and statistical techniques for measurement of informatization levels. In order to measure the informatization level of local residents, the whole nation was divided into 16 regions, and the residents in each region was studied about 10 categories selected as measurement index. Then, the classified tentative indexes were reorganized as objective indexes for the measurement of local informatization through the primary factor analysis. Considering the analysis results of informatization level by regions, most of metropolitan areas, such as Seoul, Susan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, and Daejeon, showed the higher informatization level than average, which indicates that the metropolitan areas where the informatization mind was formed earlier have higher local informatiztion level than others. Especially, it was found that the local informatization level is more highly formed Daejeon metropolitan area than in Seoul which has been recognized as the most highly informatized region, showing the high score in all indexes. The Ulsan metropolitan area was the only one that showed lower informatization level than average unlike other metropolitan areas, which is the lowest local informatization level. This result shows the necessity to switch the capability concentrated only on industrialization to informatization. The Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Gyeongbuk, and Gyeongnam regions also showed lower informatization level than national average, so it indicates that most regions including rural, agricultural, and fishing areas have low informatization level. This result reveals that since the foundation facilities and support for informatization were concentrated only in the metropolitan areas, the other areas have been respectively neglected in terms of inforratization. If we consider that informatization in the metropolitan areas has become mature and that informatization is the critical factor to determine the future of local cornmui-ity, informatization should be actively promoted in the small and middle cities and rural areas.

芥川龍之介의 表現空間과 方法

金鸞姬 제주대학교 1993 논문집 Vol.37 No.1

This paper surveyed akutagawa's artistic doctrine and space of fictional writing by comparing his earlier works with his later ones. Akutagawa managed to show his ability of making a tight plot using the doctrine of art for art's sake, especially in his earlier works. Here he discovered the intergration between the content and the form. His major works, 「Nose」 and 「Rashomon」 studied in this paper, were derived from historical facts. The author explains that Akutagawa had to establish the historical space with the writing space using the logic of 「concealment of destiny」. If he had dealt with historical space isolated from the real life, the shape of the actual life involved in the story would have been hidden. His earlier works implied mother of destiny and its anguish through symbolism. His later works were, however, written by autobiographic style in which the novelist gave up the doctrine of art for art's sake of his earlier novels. In the later works, he seemed to utilize the way of replotting of his own past life with the point that he destructed the beliefs that he had had while young. From these circumstances, this paper discovers the difference between his earlier works and his later ones. This was probably due to changes in Akutagawa's mind. His later works were, expressed the mind of a writer who made up his mind dying, filled his mind with the color of death. In truth, he wanted to tell readers of the desperate reality that art only couldn't be way of controlling human life. After all, his earlier way of writing was abandoned because there was nothing that he would hide in the face of death. It is likely that the autobiographic and confessional style he used in his later works was said to be a liberation of self that one experienced when faced with death. This paper shows that the motif, both in his earlier works and later works, was the idea of twilight and the feeling of loss in human life.

대구지역 여대생들의 신체상에 따른 식행동 요인 분석 : Dietary restraint, Disinhibition and Hunger

김주남,김영지,이난희 영남이공대학 2000 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

In order to assess relationships between body image and eating behavior scores from the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire(dietary restraint, disinhibition, hunger), interviews were done on 181 foliate college students in Daegu area Among the students, underweight students were 59(32.6%), normal weight students were 104(57.5%) and obese students were 18(9.9%) by BMI standard. Body image and eating behavior scores were compared among underweight, normal, and obesity using one-way analysis of variance. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate relationships. Relationship of Dietary restraint score and disinhibition score with groups(underweight, normal, obesity) were correlated(p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). Statistically significant correlations were obtained between the respondent's current weight and both Dietary restraint score(p<0.01) and disinhibition score(p<0.05) : the correlation coefficients were respectively, 0.324, 0.165. College students are in early stage of adult life and their dietary attitudes, food behaviors and life style will continue to their later life. Therefore college students need more positive dietary attitudes to prevent and treat students obesity.

생선묵에 첨가된 전분 함량

김난주,송미선,이기주,전미영,조성희,허은영 효성여자대학교 가정대학 학도호국단 1985 家政大論集 Vol.4 No.-

시판 생선묵 26종을 무작위로 수집해서 전분 함량을 조사한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 전분 함량이 5∼10%되는 것이 19.2%, 10∼20%되는 것은 69.2%로서 가장 많았고, 20∼30%나 되는 많은 양의 전분을 첨가한 제품도 11.5%나 되었다. 2. 비교적 값비싼 제품이 전분을 더 많이 첨가하고 있었다. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the content of starch in the 26kinds of fishcake which were randomly sampled The results of it were as follows ; 1. The highest percentage of those fishcake, the starch containing rate 10~20%, was 69.2% among all of them. The next, the starch containing rate 5~10%, was 19.2% And the last, the starch containing rate 20~30%. was 11.5%. 2. The expensive fishcake, the higher containing rate of starch.

The Effect of Bench-Step Exercise Training for 16 Weeks on Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in Middle Aged Obese Women with Hypertension

Kim, Junghoon,Jeong, Nan-Hee1,Nho, Ho-Sung 한국운동영양학회 2003 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.11 No.3

Cyclosporin A 로 유도된 생쥐 림프절의 세포성 면역억제에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구 : T 림프구, IL-2 수용기 및 NK세포의 변화를 중심으로 Based on the change of T lymphocytes, Il-2 receptors, and NK cells

김진택,박인식,안상현,최난희,김동환 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1998 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.2

본 실험은 cyclosporin A(CsA)에 의한 시간의 경과에 따른 림프절에서의 세포성 면역억제를 조사하기 위해서 시행된 것으로 BALB/C계 생쥐에 10일동안 CsA(45mg/kg/day) 투여 후 림프절에서의 T 림프구, IL-2 수용기 그리고 자연살해(NK)세포의 분포 변화를 관찰하였다. 대조군의 림프절에서는 L3T4(CD4)에 양성반응을 보이는 도움 T림프구, Ly2(CD8)에 양성반응을 보이는 세포독성 T 림프구 그리고 CD25R에 양성반응을 보이는 IL-2 수용기를 가진 세포는 곁피질(paracortex)과 수질동(medullary sinus)에서 분포하였다. CsA투여 후 처음 3일까지는 이들 양성반웅세포의 분포 변화는 없었으며 양성반응성의 변화도 없었다. 그러나 CsA 투여 7일부터 양성반응 세포수의 감소와 양성반응성의 약화가 관찰되기 시작하였으며 이러한 변화는 시간이 경과하여 14일에 이르렀을 때 가장 큰 감소추세로 나타났다. 한편 NKl.1(CD56)에 양성반응을 보이는 자연살해세포는 피질과 수질에 분포하였으며 CsA 투여 후 시간의 경과에 따라 양성반응 세포수가 감소하였으며, 이러한 감소는 14일에서 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 CsA 투여는 림프절에서의 IL-2 분비저해를 통해 T 림프구와 NK세포의 활성을 차단하여 선택적이면서 효과적인 세포성 면역억제작용을 하고 있는 것으로 사료된다. Cyclosporin A(CsA) is a selective immunosuppressive agent that has been credited with improved survival of solid organ allografts. Lymph node of BALB/C mouse administered CsA immunohistochemically observed to understand immunosuppressive effects of CsA on T lymphocytes, IL-2 receptors, and natural killer NK cells in lymph node. CsA orally administered daily for 10days at the dose 4smg/kg/day/. The lymph node were obtained at day 3, 7, and 14 after CsA administration and embeded with paraffin, and then stained by following ABC method that used monoclonal antibody including L3T4(CD4), Ly2(CD8), IL-2R(CD25), and NK-1.1(CD56). There were little changes of reactive degree and number of helper T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, IL.-2 receptors, and NK cells at day 3 after CsA administration, but they began to decrease at day 7. These decrease were greatest at day 14. The helper T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, IL-2 receptors, and NK cells distributed in paracortex and medullary sinus. These results indicated that the secretion of IL-2 began to decrease at day 7 after CsA administration and subsequently to suppress T lymphocytes and NK cell as components of cell-mediated immunity.

유기농업에서의 작물의 양분관리

안난희, 신재훈, 옥정훈, 이상민, 김석철, 사동민 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2016 農業科學硏究 Vol.32 No.2

Soil fertility is fundamental in determining the productivity of all farming systems and is most�ﾠ�ﾠ commonly defined in terms of the ability of the soil to supply nutrients to crops. Organic farming systems rely on the management of soil organic matter to enhance the chemical, biological and physical properties of the soil, in order to optimize crop production. Organic agriculture excludes the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, instead requiring a balance between supply and demand nutrients through the use of organic matter. Nutrient management is one of the main challenges facing organic farming. The short term challenge is supplying sufficient nutrients to crops at the correct point in their development to achieve economically viable yield, while in the long term, the difficulty is to balance nutrient inputs and runoffs to avoid nutrient rundown or environmental pollution. This paper reviews information from the literature to investigate strategies of managing nutrients by supplying organic matter in organic agriculture during the major phases of crop growth.