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한국 교회 여교역자의 목회 경험 사례 연구와 치유를 위한 여성신학적 제언
이난희 한국실천신학회 2021 신학과 실천 Vol.- No.76
본 연구는 치유를 요청하는 한국 교회의 여교역자들의 목회경험을 심층면접 방법 으로 연구하여 그들이 당면한 신학적 및 목회적 문제들을 여성신학적으로 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구자는 본 연구에서 중요한 핵심 요소들로 교리와의 관련성, 군사문화와의 관련성, 치유의 필요성을 제시하여 연구하였다. 과거세대 여교역자들의 목회 경험은 전쟁과 가난의 고난, 성차별적 교회 구조 안에서의 무조건적인 인내와 순종, 담임목회 자를 보조하는 보조자로서의 역할 전담을 보여주었다. 현재세대 여교역자 2인의 목회 경험에 대한 심층면접을 통해서는 다음의 사항들을 발견하였다. 최목사는 가부장적 환경에서 여성의식이 생겨났고, 학생운동 여성운동과 기독교의 결합을 시도해 왔다. 그녀는 미혼 여교역자의 불안을 경험하였고, 남녀 대립 을 치유하기 원하며 나아가 비혼, 이혼, 재혼 가정 등 모든 가족 형태를 그리스도의 사랑으로 포용해야 한다고 본다. 또한 기존의 남성중심적 교회에 얽매이기 보다는 새 롭고 자유로운 형태의 목회를 시도하고자 한다. 이목사는 기혼 여교역자로서, 가사노 동과 자녀양육뿐 아니라 목회활동을 같이 감당하는, 이중 부담과 이중 차별을 경험하 였다. 그녀는 여교역자 자신도 성차별적인 교회 안에서 많은 상처를 받으므로 치유되어야 한다고 보며, 기존의 남성중심적 교회 안에서 보조적 역할만을 하기 보다는 새 로운 목회를 지향하며 시도하고 있다. 결론에서 본 연구자는 교회내 견고한 위계질서의 연쇄체와 남성적 군사문화를 극 복하며, 교인들을 교회에 머물게 하기 위해 죄와 공포의 교리를 이용하는 것을 극복 해야 한다고 보았다. 여교역자의 좌절과 상처를 초래하는 모든 것을 죄로 보는 포괄 적 이해를 제시하였고, 평신도뿐 아니라 여교역자들도 치유를 필요로 함을 밝혔으며, 방어적, 소극적이 아닌 여교역자들의 경제적, 재정적 상황까지도 개선하는 적극적, 물 질적 치유가 행해져야 함을 주장하였다. This research paper tries to study women pastors’ pastoral experiences through a method of in-depth interview and to analyze theological and pastoral problems facing them from a feminist theological perspective under the circumstances of plummeting credibility of Korean churches and Covid 19 crisis. I pointed out crucial factors in the study of women pastors’ pastoral experiences such as relevance to doctrines, relatedness with military culture, and necessity of healing. Pastoral experiences of women pastors (or not ordained evangelists) of the past generation showed mostly suffering from Korean war and poverty, unconditional endurance and obedience in the gender discriminatory structure of churches. Through in-depth interviews with 2 women pastors that I had, I could find out the following facts and implications. Rev. Choi, 56 year old, confessed that she had experienced a serious feeling of instability or mental anxiety when she had served and worked in the churches as a single woman pastor. She wants to heal and overcome the antipathy or conflict between men and women. In addition, she hopes to include all various forms of family and household such as being single or divorced or remarried. Rev. Choi does not want to belong to the existing male-centered churches, so she encourages younger women pastors to attempt a new type of pastoral care, again and again. Rev. Lee said that she experienced double gender discrimination because she had to do the household works, raising children as well as studying, pastoral care as a married woman pastor. She claims that pastors must overcome using doctrines of sin and fear related with sin. She asserts that many women pastors go through hard times due to hurts originated from unequal church structure, and that women pastors need healing desperately. In conclusion, I argued that churches must overcome a chain of hierarchy of male and female/ pastor, elder and lay people. I also asserted that churches should stop making use of doctrines of sin and fear for the purpose of making people not leave the churches. I argued that the concept of sin should be comprehensively understood, and that sin is what violates God’s image in women pastors, thus what brings about their hurts and frustration. My last point is that healing must be not a defensive, passive one but an active, material healing.
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이난희,장혁순,김종덕,김대현,최웅규,Lee, Nan-Hee,Jang, Hyeock-soon,Kim, Jong-Duk,Kim, Dae-Hyun,Choi, Ung-Kyu 한국식품영양학회 2019 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.32 No.4
The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in flavor components of cheonggugjang prepared with hazelnut. Amino nitrogen content in cheonggukjang was significantly lower in the 30~40% hazelnut group compared to the control group. The volatile basic nitrogen of hazelnut added cheongkukjang showed a similar pattern to that of amino nitrogen. The number of B. subtilis was slightly increased in relation to the amount of hazelnut added, but there was no significant difference. The content of glucose increased proportionally with increasing hazelnut. Total amino acid content decreased with increasing hazelnut. The ratio of glutamic acid to total free amino acids increased with increasing hazelnut. Oleic acid content increased proportionally with increasing hazelnut, while linoleic acid content decreased. In conclusion, the addition of hazelnut may contribute to the quality diversification of cheonggukjang by changing the taste and flavor while maintaining the amino nitrogen content of cheonggukjang.
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Evolutionary Operation-Factorial Design Technique를 이용한 곤약의 항균활성 최적화
이난희,최원석,최웅규,Lee, Nan-Hee,Choi, Won-Seok,Choi, Ung-Kyu 한국식품영양학회 2018 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.31 No.2
This research was conducted to elucidate the optimum conditions for the antibacterial activity of konjak jelly using the evolutionary operation-factorial design technique. In the first set of experiments, concentration of a coagulation agent, soaking liquid, and temperature of water were set to 0.4%, $0.6{\times}10^{-2}N$, and $65^{\circ}C$ as a central point, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity was acquired at E21, in which the number of bacteria was 1.25 log cfu/g. Because the code of changes in the main effect was (-), it could be decided that the central point of the first set was not the optimum point. Although antibacterial activity in the second set was improved, the values of the main effect were higher than that of changes in the mean effect. The central point of third set was concentration of coagulation agent 0.8%, concentration of soaking liquid $1.0{\times}10^{-2}N$, and temperature of water $65^{\circ}C$. It was found that the antibacterial activity of central point in the third set was highest among all the tested set. Further, all the necessary conditions were appropriate to reach the optimum condition. The antibacterial activity of the central point in third set was more than 1,000 times higher than that of E11, in first set.
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Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica 의 1 예
이난희,김진택,현종명 대한피부과학회 1977 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.15 No.3
A case of Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica is reported with review of pathogenesis with literatures. Epidermolysis Bulloaa Dystrophica is a rare genetic disease which is characterized by the formation of blister upon the minor trauma or friction to the skin. A 7-year old boy was referred to our dept. in Aug. 1976 because of a severe bullous eruption primarily on his hands and feet. On admission tense bullae were noted on the dorsa of hands and feet which is usually serous but may be hermorhagic tendency. Soon thereafter tbis bullous lesion tend to break down into painful shallow denudation which may leave depigmented scars and milia after healing. Family history was negative for skin disorders.
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