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Yamaguchi, Y.,Nakano, M.,Nagao, H.,Okumura, M.,Yamanaka, S.,Kawakami, T.,Yamaki, D.,Nishino, M.,Shigeta, Y.,Kitagawa, Y.,Takano, Y.,Takahata, M.,Takeda, R. Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.6
A unified picture for magnetism, superconductivity, quantum optics and other properties of molecule-based materials has been presented on the basis of effective model Hamiltonians, where necessary parameter values have been determined by the first principle calculations of cluster models and/or band models. These properties of the matetials are qualitatively discussed on the basis of the spin and pseudo-spin Hamiltonian models, where several quantum operators are expressed by spin variables under the two level approximation. As an example, ab initio broken-symmetry DFT calculations are performed for cyclic magnetic ring constructed of 34 hydrogen atoms in order to obtain effective exchange integrals in the spin Hamiltonian model. The natural orbital analysis of the DFT solution was performed to obtain symmetry-adapted molecular orbitals and their occupation numbers. Several chemical indices such as information entropy and unpaired electron density were calculated on the basis of the occupation numbers to elucidate the spin and pair correlations, and bonding characteristic (kinetic correlation) of this mesoscopic magnetic ring. Both classical and quantum effects for spin alignments and singlet spin-pair formations are discussed on the basis of the true spin Hamiltonian model in detail. Quantum effects are also discussed in the case of superconductivity, atom optics and quantum optics based on the pseudo spin Hamiltonian models. The coherent and squeezed states of spins, atoms and quantum field are discussed to obtain a unified picture for correlation, coherence and decoherence in future materials. Implications of theoretical results are examined in relation to recent experiments on molecule-based materials and molecular design of future molecular soft materials in the intersection area between molecular and biomolecular materials.
System Design based on Benefit of Inconvenience and Emotion
H. Kawakami,M. Nishimura,O. Katai,T. Shiose 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
Although the tools of today are developed to be convenient, they do not always satisfy people. Tools sometimes evoke negative feelings in people such that they get tired of using them. In consideration of this fact, to create guidelines for designing tools to make human life richer, this paper focuses on the relationship between the “benefit of inconvenience” and “emotional design.” After referring to their outlines and backgrounds, the discussion about their relationship leads to a proposal of characteristics that are required to be installed to artifacts to enrich human life, and refers to a strategy and applying it to system design theory.
The Effects of Properties of the Radicals in Radical Migration Phenomena
( H. Saito ),( G. B. Flores D`Arcais ),( M. Kawakami ),( H. Masuda ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2010 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.11 No.1
Illusory conjunctions of letters have been observed with words presented in alphabetic writing systems. The work here reported investigates a related phenomenon, radical blending, that may occur during the processing of kanji, the Japanese logographic script. In this work, we presented participants with two briefly exposed source characters (e.g., 複 浴), each of which contained two components or radicals. These characters were subsequently masked, and then followed by a probe character (e.g., 裕) that, under critical conditions, shared one or two radicals with the source characters. Participants were asked to decide as quickly as possible if the probe was one of the two source characters. We found that the probability of participants to erroneously report that they had seen the probe in the source pair (i.e., produce a false positive response) was related primarily to some consistency between the source and the probe characters. This included the position of the same radicals in the source and in the probe characters (local consistency) and the left or right position of the characters in the source display (global consistency). Homophony between source characters and the probe character also played some roles. The results suggest that, in processing kanji characters, readers are sensitive to statistical properties of radicals, such as the number of radicals taking left or right position, and the number of their pronunciations.
P. G. Gucciardi,R. Micheletto,M. Allegrini,T. Kotani,T. Hatada,Y. Kawakami 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.1
Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) have been found to be very effective in increasing the efficiency of light emitting diodes and semiconductor laser devices. By using polarization-modulated scanning near-field optical microscopy (PM-SNOM), we investigate the optical response to different illumination polarization states of a DBR structure that consists of a stack of quarter wavelength thick slabs of dielectrics with alternating high and low refractive index. The DBR has been optically characterized in the near-field at different wavelengths in illumination- and in collection- mode with light excitation orthogonal to the probe axis, for fixed as well as for modulated polarization. We have found that the optical signal does not follow the morphological structure of the slabs, as expected but it shows a different spatial periodicity related to the excitation properties and to the interplay of the different DBR planes.