한우개량을 위한 유단백질의 유전적 다형현상에 관한 연구

한상기(S . K . Han),정의용(E . Y . Chung),양교석(K . S . Yang),신유철(Y . C . Shin) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Genetic polymorphisms of milk proteins, αs₁-casein (αs₁-CN) β-casein (β-CN), k-casein (k- CN) and β-lactoglobulin (β- LG), in milk samples from 175 Korean native cattle were analyzed by using starch gel elec-trophoresis. Their genotype and gene frequencies were estimated and their genetic relationships with other breeds were compared by using genetic distance and dendogram. The results obtained were summarized as fallows ; 1. Three genetic variants each were identified at αs₁-CN (BB, BC, and CC), k-CN (AA. AB and BB) and β-LG (AA, BB and BB) and nine genetic variants (A¹A¹, A²A², A¹A², A¹A⁴, A²A⁴, BA¹, BA², BA⁴ and BB) existed at β-CN. 2. Genotype distributions of the milk protein loci were as fallows: αs₁-CN BB 76% BC 21.1%, CC 2.9% β-CN A²A²40%, A¹A²38.3%, BA²11.4%, A¹A¹3.4%,, A²A⁴2.9%, BA¹1.7%, A¹A⁴1.1%, BA⁴0.6%, BB 0.6%, k-CN AB 52%, AA 37.1%, BB 10.9%, β-LG BB 76%, AB 23.4%, AA 0.6%. The distributions of genotypes in each milk protein locus were corresponded closely to expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 3. Gene frequencies of the milk protein loci were: αs₁-CN^B 0.866, αs₁-CN^C 0.134; β-CN^A2 0.660, β-CN^A1 0.235, β-CN^B 0.080, β-CN^A4 0.025: k-CN^A 0.631. k-CN^B 0.369; β-LG^A 0.877, β-LG^B 0.123. 4. From the analysis of` the genetic distance values and the dendogram drawn from the genetic distances matrix, the results indicate that there was a close relationship between Korean native cattle and Japanese native cattle, especially Japanese Brown. Consequently, it is supposed that Japanese native cattle originated from Korean native cattle.

Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Enteritidis 및 Salmonella Typhimurium균에 대한 Phage typing 및 antibiogram 분석

신영학,유정식,오경수,이점규,이상원,고운영,양병국 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

Cooperative Activation of PI3K by Ras and Rho Family Small GTPases

Yang, H.,Shin, M.G.,Lee, S.,Kim, J.R.,Park, W.,Cho, K.H.,Meyer, T.,Do Heo, W. Cell Press 2012 Molecular cell Vol.47 No.2

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and Ras and Rho family small GTPases are key regulators of cell polarization, motility, and chemotaxis. They influence each other's activities by direct and indirect feedback processes that are only partially understood. Here, we show that 21 small GTPase homologs activate PI3K. Using a microscopy-based binding assay, we show that K-Ras, H-Ras, and five homologous Ras family small GTPases function upstream of PI3K by directly binding the PI3K catalytic subunit, p110. In contrast, several Rho family small GTPases activated PI3K by an indirect cooperative positive feedback that required a combination of Rac, CDC42, and RhoG small GTPase activities. Thus, a distributed network of Ras and Rho family small GTPases induces and reinforces PI3K activity, explaining past challenges to elucidate the specific relevance of different small GTPases in regulating PI3K and controlling cell polarization and chemotaxis.

Development of Bovine Specific Leptin Radioimmunoassay and Relationship of Plasma Leptin with Vitamin A and Age of Wagyu

Yang, S.H.,Kawachi, H.,Khan, M.A.,Lee, S.Y.,Kim, H.S.,Ha, Jong K.,Lee, W.S.,Lee, H.J.,Ki, K.S.,Kim, S.B.,Sakaguchi, S.,Maruyama, S.,Yano, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.9

Leptin is produced by adipocytes and its role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, feed intake, productive and reproductive performance of domestic animal species has been greatly stressed and extensively investigated in recent years. This study was conducted to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the estimation of plasma bovine leptin and to determine plasma leptin concentration in fattening Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) and its crossbreds at commercial farms. Relationships of plasma leptin with plasma vitamin A and age of crossbred cattle were also determined. Recombinant bovine leptin (rbleptin) was produced by the E. coli overexpressed leptin as a GST (glutathione S-transferase)-fusion protein. Then antiserum against bovine leptin was obtained by its immunization in rabbits. Using this antiserum, a bovine specific RIA was developed and plasma leptin level was determined in 120 crossbred fattening cattle (WagyuHolstein, 50:50) at commercial farms. The plasma leptin level increased with the age of cattle and its level was greater in the crossbred heifers than in the steers. Plasma vitamin A level was negatively correlated with plasma leptin level in crossbred heifers and steers. This relationship was stronger in heifers than in steers. Plasma leptin was gradually increased with advancing age in fattening Wagyu cattle. In conclusion, development of a bovine specific RIA to estimate plasma leptin will contribute to better understanding of the role of leptin in cattle.

DROWSY BEHAVIOR DETECTION BASED ON DRIVING INFORMATION

M. S. WANG,N. T. JEONG,K. S. KIM,S. B. CHOI,S. M. YANG,S. H. YOU,J. H. LEE,서명원 한국자동차공학회 2016 International journal of automotive technology Vol.17 No.1

Drowsy behavior is more likely to occur in sleep-deprived drivers. Individuals’ drowsy behavior detection technology should be developed to prevent drowsiness related crashes. Driving information such as acceleration, steering angle and velocity, and physiological signals of drivers such as electroencephalogram (EEG), and eye tracking are adopted in present drowsy behavior detection technologies. However, it is difficult to measure physiological signal, and eye tracking requires complex experiment equipment. As a result, driving information is adopted for drowsy driving detection. In order to achieve this purpose, driving experiment is performed for obtaining driving information through driving simulator. Moreover, this paper investigates effects of using different input parameter combinations, which is consisted of lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration, and steering angles with different time window sizes (i.e. 4 s, 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 60 s), on drowsy driving detection using random forest algorithm. 20 s-size datasets using parameter combination of accelerations in lateral and longitudinal directions, compared to the other combination cases of driving information such as steering angles combined with lateral and longitudinal acceleration, steering angles only, longitudinal acceleration only, and lateral acceleration only, is considered the most effective information for drivers’ drowsy behavior detection. Moreover, comparing to ANN algorithm, RF algorithm performs better on processing complex input data for drowsy behavior detection. The results, which reveal high accuracy 84.8 % on drowsy driving behavior detection, can be applied on condition of operating real vehicles.

Plot-scale study of surface runoff on well-covered forest floors under different canopy species

Kim, J.K.,Onda, Y.,Kim, M.S.,Yang, D.Y. Pergamon Press 2014 QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL Vol.344 No.-

To investigate the effects of vegetation canopy on surface runoff, four runoff plots (2 m x 1 m in size) were established under different types of forest canopies (S1: sawtooth oak and Japanese larch; S2: Chinese cork oak; S3: shrub; and S4: Korean pine) on a mountain slope in central Korea. Rainfall, throughfall, and surface runoff were measured from July 2007 to October 2009. During the observation period, there was no storm event with a rainfall intensity that exceeded the average value for infiltration rates at the runoff plots. Each plot showed differences in surface runoff generation (S1 > S2 @? S3 > S4). The plots with broad-leaf litter layers had higher maximum water storage capacities than the plot with a needle-leaf litter layer. These results imply that the water storage capacity and the leaf shape of the litter layer affected surface runoff generation. Moreover, under dry conditions (<20 mm of API<SUB>7</SUB>), the rainfall threshold for all plots, except S4, required for surface runoff generation decreased and surface runoff from all plots increased slightly compared with relatively wet conditions (>20 mm of API<SUB>7</SUB>). Storm runoff coefficients at all plots decreased drastically as the value of API<SUB>7</SUB> increased. This suggests that the lowering of the rainfall threshold for surface runoff generation and the resulting increase in surface runoff might be related to the development of hydrophobic conditions on the soil surface caused by dry conditions. Therefore, in addition to leaf shape and water storage capacity of the litter layer, the soil water condition also can be an important factor in plot-scale evaluations of surface runoff generation from a slope well covered with litter layer.

High lipid composition of particulate organic matter in the northern Chukchi Sea, 2011

Kim, B.K.,Lee, J.H.,Yun, M.S.,Joo, H.,Song, H.J.,Yang, E.J.,Chung, K.H.,Kang, S.H.,Lee, S.H. Pergamon Press 2015 Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oce Vol.120 No.-

We investigated the biochemical compositions (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) of particulate organic matter (POM) as a potential food source in the northern Chukchi Sea. We aimed to understand physiological status of phytoplankton, determine important controlling factors, and estimate the energetic contents of POM. The major inorganic nutrients were generally depleted at upper mixed-layer depth (>20m). The average chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration was 31.9mgm<SUP>-2</SUP> (S.D.=+/-31.3mgm<SUP>-2</SUP>) in this study, significantly higher than that reported previously in the northern Chukchi Sea. Small phytoplankton (0.7-5@?m) accounted for 65.9% of total chl-a concentration. The overall average compositions of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins were 50% (S.D.=+/-10.7%), 35% (S.D.=+/-11.0%), and 15% (S.D.=+/-11.2%) for POM, respectively. Along with other evidence (e.g., low N:P and protein-carbohydrate ratios), the high lipid and low protein compositions of POM in this study suggests that phytoplankton might have had a nitrogen limitation and/or stationary growth phase in the northern Chukchi Sea during the cruise period, 2011. The overall average calorific content of food material (FM) was 149.2μgL<SUP>-1</SUP> (S.D.=+/-36.5μgL<SUP>-1</SUP>) or 1.0Kcalm<SUP>-3</SUP> (S.D.=+/-0.2Kcalm<SUP>-3</SUP>). The relatively higher calorific contents in the northern Chukchi Sea were due to high lipid contributions and the considerably high calorific content of FM per POC.

Inconel 718 상향 엔드밀링시 절삭력에 미치는 공구형상오차

이영문,양승한,장승일,백승기,김선일 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

In end milling process, the undeformed chip section area and cutting forces vary periodically with phase change of the tool. However, the real undeformed chip section area deviates from the geometrically ideal one owing to cutter runout and tool shape error. In this study, a method of estimating the real undeformed chip section area which reflects cutter runout and tool shape error was presented during up-end milling of Inconel 718 using measured cutting forces. The specific cutting resistance, K_(r) and K_(t) are defined as the radial and tangential cutting forces divided by the modified chip section area. Both of K_(r) and K_(t) values become smaller as the helix angle increases from 30° to 40°. Whereas they become larger as the helix angle increases from 40° to 50°. On the other hand, the K_(r) and K_(t) values show a tendency to decrease with increase of the modified chip section area and this tendency becomes distinct with smaller helix angle.

Microdrop과 Straw 방법으로 초자화 동결한 소 난자의 생존율에 관한 연구

양병철,양보석,성환후,임석기,박수봉,장원경,이창규 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.6

본 연구는 소 난자의 초자화 동결 방법을 설정하기 위하여 체외성숙 소 난자에서 난구세포가 부착된 상태 또는 제거한 상태로 microdrop (MD)방법과 straw (Straw) 방법을 이용하여 초자화 동결하여 생존율을 검사하였다. 동결 융해난자는 a) 단위발생을 유도하였고 b) 체외수정 후 전핵 형성을 관찰하였으며 c) 체외수정 후 수정란 발달을 검사하였다. 초자화 동결 난자의 생존율은 MD 방법을 이용하였을 때가 Straw를 이용하였을 때 보다 높았다 (92.50 vs. 74.19%, p<0.05). MD 방법을 이용하였을 때 대부분의 난자가 생존을 하였다. 단위발생을 유도하였을 때 난할율과 배반포 발달율은 MD (45.05%, 10.81%, p<0.05)가 Straw 방법 보다 높았다 (27.17%, 6.52%, p<0.05). 난구세포의 부착 유무에 따라 동결 융해 후 체외수정 하여 자웅 전핵 형성을 각각 검사하였다. 난구세포 제거 난자에서는 MD와 Straw 방법으로 동결 융해하였을 때 차이가 없었다(80.36% vs. 67.31%, p<0.05). 정상 수정율 (2PN)에서는 세 처리간에 차이가 없었다. (Fresh; 54.55% vs. MD; 42.22% vs. Straw; 37.14%, p>0.05). 그러나 미수정란 (<1PN)은 Fresh 난자가 동결융해 난자보다 유의적으로 낮았다 (Fresh; 32.47% vs. MD; 57.78% and Straw 62.86%, p<0.05). 다정자 침입은 (3PN) 신선란 (12,99%)에서 발생하였으나 동결 융해 난자에서는 발생하지 않았다. 난구세포가 제거된 난자에서, 정상 수정율 (2PN)은 Fresh와 동결 융해 난자간에 유의적인 차이를 보였다 (Fresh; 59.38% vs. MD; 17.31% and Straw; 30.43%, p<0.05). 또한 미수정율 (<1PN)에 있어서도 신선란과 동결 융해난은 유의적인 차이를 보였다 (Fresh; 23.44% vs. MD; 73.08% and Straw 58.70%, p<0.05). 다정자 침입 (3PN, >4PN)은 신선란과 동결 융해란 모두에서 나타났다. 체외수정 후, 난구세포가 부착된 난자의 2세포기 발달율은 신선란에 비하여 MD 또는 Straw 처리구에서 유의적으로 낮았다 (Fresh; 81.76% vs. MD; 22.22% and Straw; 11.36%, p<0.05). 동결융해난자는 배반포 발달율에 있어서도 신선란에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았다 (Fresh; 28.38 vs. MD; 1.71% and Straw 0%, p<0.05). 난구세포가 제거된 난자에서 2세포기 발달율은 신선란과 MD에서 차이가 없었다 (27.59% vs. 19.25%, p<0.05), 그러나 배반포 발달율에 있어서는 신선란이 MD 또는 Straw 처리구보다 유의적으로 높았다 (4.31% vs. 0.62% and 0%, respectively; p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서, 초자화 동결융해한 소 난자는 체외수정 후 배반포로 발달이 가능함을 나타내주고 있다. To establish vitrification method for bovine oocytes, mature bovine oocytes were vitrified by microdrop (MD) or straw (Straw) method and the viability of vitrified oocytes with or without cumulus cells (CC) were examined by several methods; a) parthenogenetic activation; b) pronuclear formation after in vitro fertilization (IVF); and c) embryonic development after IVF. The survival rate of vitrified oocytes by MD was significantly higher than by Straw (92.50 vs. 74.19%, p<0.05). Most of the oocytes survived from vitrification using the MD methods. Cleavage and blastocyst development of parthenogenetically activated oocytes were higher in MD (45.05% and 10.81%, respectively; p<0.05)) than those in Straw method (27.17% and 6.52%, respectively; p<0.05). Male and female pronuclear formation of vitrified-thawed oocytes with or without cumulus cells (CC) after IVF were examined, respectively. The survival rate of vitrified oocytes by MD without CC was no difference between MD and Straw (80.368.14% vs. 67.31%). Normal fertilization (2PN) rates were not different among groups (Fresh; 54.55% vs. MD; 42.22% vs. Straw; 37.14%, p>0.05). While no fertilization (<1PN) rates were significantly different between fresh and vitrified-thawed groups (Fresh; 32.47% vs. MD; 57.78% and Straw 62.86%, p<0.05). The polyspermy (3PN) was appeared in the fresh (12.99%), but no appeared in the vitrified-thawed groups. In the without CC, normal fertilization (2PN) rates were significantly different between fresh and vitrified-thawed oocytes (Fresh; 59.38% vs. MD; 17.31% and Straw; 30.43%, p<0.05). Moreover, no fertilization (<1PN) rates were significantly different between fresh and vitrified-thawed groups (Fresh; 23.44% vs. MD; 73.08% and Straw 58.70%, p<0.05). The polyspermy (3PN, >4PN) was appeared not only fresh but vitrified-thawed groups. After IVF, two-cell developmental rates of vitrified oocytes with CC by MD and Straw were significantly low compared to fresh oocytes (Fresh; 81.76% vs. MD; 22.22% and Straw; 11.36%, p<0.05). Blastocyst developmental rates of vitrified oocytes also were significantly low compared to fresh oocytes (Fresh; 28.38 vs. MD; 1.71% and Straw 0%, p<0.05). In the without CC, two-cell developmental rates were no differnce between Fresh and MD (27.59% vs. 19.25%, p<0.05), while blastocyst rates were difference between Fresh and MD or Straw (4.31% vs. 0.62% and 0%, respectively; p<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that the vitrified bovine oocytes have the ability to develop to the blastocyst stage after IVF.

한우 , 제주재래흑우 , 흑모화우와 갈모화우에서의 MSH Receptor(MC1R) 유전자의 유전자형 및 빈도 비교

양영훈,김규일,오성종,이성수,고서봉,강승률,오운용,양보석 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.3

PCR-RFLP analysis of MSH receptor (melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor; MCIR) gene was carried out to confirm the genotypes and frequencies in Korean Cattle, Cheju Native Black Cattle, Japnaese Black, Japanese Brown, Holstein and Angus. Genetic relationship of these breeds and coat colors to alleles at the Extension locus, that encodes MCIR were also determined. Allele E^D E^+ and a were detected by digestion with BsrF I (or Msp I ) and Aci I . A Dominant allele E^D, which is considered to be typical allele for dominant black coat color in cattle breeds, such as Holstein and Angus, was not detected in Korean Cattle and Japnases Brown with yellowish-brown coat color. Among sixty-two Cheju Native Black Cattle and fifteen Japanese Black, only ten and eleven heads had the dominant allele E? respectively. The remaining animals possessed the genotype E^+/E^+ or E^+/e, which probably reflect alleles at the A-locus which are supposed to give rise to the recessive black color. Several animals of Cheju Native Black Cattle and Japanese Black possessed the genotype E^D/-, probably reflecting the genetic introgression of E^D allele into these breeds during the crossbreeding period for improving. These results show that the difference of MCIR genotype and frequency among these breeds may be useful for conservation of endangered Cheju native Black Cattle and also genetically discreminating between meat of Korean Cattle and that of Holstein