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이정환,공창덕,오경원,Soutis, C. 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2004 機械技術硏究 Vol.7 No.1
본 연구에서 복합재료의 압축강도에 대한 두께 효과가 〔0₄〕ns,〔45/0/-45/90〕ns and 〔45n/0n/-45n/90n〕s (n = 2 to 8)등의 적층방법을 이용하여 체계적인 실험을 통해 조사되었다. 엇교차 대칭 복합재판의 파괴강도에 대한 적층순서효과도 조사되었다. 이를 위해 2종류의 다른 스케일링을 갖는 (1) 플라이레벨 기법인 〔45n/0n/-45n/90n〕s과 (2)서브라미네이트-레벨기법인 〔45/0/-45/90〕ns가 적용되었다. 일방향 적층시편 〔0₄〕ns과 플라이레벨인 〔45n/0n/-45n/90n〕s에는 분명한 두께효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 서브라미네이트레벨인. 〔45/0/-45/90〕ns의 압축강도는 시편의 두께의 변화에도 불구하고 별 영향을 나타 나지 않았으며,서브라미네이트-레벨 시편에서 구한강도가 플라이-레벨 시편에서 구한 강도보다 약간 높았다. 측정된 파괴강도는 예측 값과 비교되었다. In this study, the effect of laminate thickness on the compressive behaviour of composite materials was investigated through systematic experimental work using the stacking sequences, 〔0₄〕ns, 〔45/0/-45/90〕ns and 〔45n/0n/-45n/90n〕 s (n = 2 to 8). The stacking sequence effects on failure strength of multidirectional laminates were examined. For this purpose, two different scaling techniques were used: (1) ply-level technique 〔45n/0n/-45n/90n〕s and (2) sublaminate level technique [45/0/-45/90]ns. An apparent thickness effect existed in the lay-up with blocked plies, i.e. unidirectional specimens ([0₄]ns) and ply-level scaled multidirectional specimens (〔45n/0n/-45n/90n〕s). From the investigation of the stacking sequence effect, the strength values obtained from the sublaminate level scaled specimens were slightly higher than those obtained from the ply level scaled specimens. The measured failure strengths were compared with the predicted values.
Kong, Qingyu,Lee, Jae Hyuk,Kim, Kyung Hwan,Kim, Joonghan,Wulff, Michael,Ihee, Hyotcherl,Koch, Michel H. J. American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.8
<P>Ultrafast (ps) time-resolved X-ray scattering was used to study the structural dynamics of Ru<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>12</SUB> in cyclohexane after photolysis at 260 nm. Two intermediates form after 100 ps at the onset of the reaction: Ru<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>10</SUB> for the CO loss channel and Ru<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>11</SUB>(μ-CO) for the metal−metal cleavage channel. In our previous study at 390 nm, by contrast, three intermediates were observed simultaneously at the onset of the reaction that all relax back to Ru<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>12</SUB> with different lifetimes. The major difference between photolysis at 260 and 390 nm is that in the first case Ru<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>10</SUB>(μ-CO) is formed by bimolecular recombination of Ru<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>10</SUB> with a free CO in 50 ns, whereas in the second case it forms directly from Ru<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>12</SUB> at the onset of the reaction. The differences between the photofragmentation pathways are related to the absorption bands available at the two wavelengths. The extrema in the difference radial distribution functions (RDFs) are unambiguously assigned by decomposing the total signal into contributions from the solutes, the solvent and the solute−solvent cross-terms, and also contributions from each candidate species. The difference RDFs reveal the depletion of Ru−Ru bonds (2.88 Å) in the initial Ru<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>12</SUB> molecule and formation of Ru<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>10</SUB> as the major photoproduct. The high-resolution X-ray (88 keV) scattering pattern of pure liquid C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>12</SUB> indicates that the solvent dynamics at early time delays is due to broadening of the intermolecular interatomic correlations at constant volume, whereas during thermal expansion at longer time delays, it results from shifts in these correlations.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-8/ja9097548/production/images/medium/ja-2009-097548_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja9097548'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Band Alignment at CdS/wide-band-gap Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> Hetero-junction by using PES/IPES
Kong, Sok-Hyun,Kima, Kyung-Hwan The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2005 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.6 No.5
Direct characterization of band alignment at chemical bath deposition $(CBD)-CdS/Cu_{0.93}(In_{1-x}Ga_x)Se_2$ has been carried out by photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES). Ar ion beam etching at the condition of the low ion kinetic energy of 400 eV yields a removal of surface contamination as well as successful development of intrinsic feature of each layer and the interfaces. Especially interior regions of the wide gap CIGS layers with a band gap of $1.4\~1.6\;eV$ were successfully exposed. IPES spectra revealed that conduction band offset (CBO) at the interface region over the wide gap CIGS of x = 0.60 and 0.75 was negative, where the conduction band minimum of CdS was lower than that of CIGS. It was also observed that an energy spacing between conduction band minimum (CBM) of CdS layer and valance band maximum (VBM) of $Cu_{0.93}(In_{0.25}Ga_{0.75})Se_2$ layer at interface region was no wider than that of the interface over the $Cu_{0.93}(In_{0.60}Ga_{0.40})Se_2$ layer.
김경원,이용환,김대영,장미화,이지현,공진민,정선동,김근태 대한신장학회 1999 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.18 No.1
The goal of the immunologic maneuvering for organ transplantation may be the donor specific immune tolerance rather than non-specific immunosuppression. Although DST is one of the most extensively studied methods for donor specific immune hyporesponsiveness, it is not widely used in recent years because of possible sensitization and overall improvement of graft survival without DST. Several human and animal studies showed that -24h DST with concomitant cyclosporine administration improved graft survival. -24 DST may not induce adverse sensitization that preclude subsequent transplantation and the procedure is simple and does not delay the operation in living donor transplantation. Between Feb. 1994 and Jan. 1997, 33 patients received 100-200ml of fresh whole blood from the kidney donor 1 day before transplantation. Twenty donors were living related and 13 donors were non-related. Mean age was 40(22-52). Two patients was diabetic. All but one received primary allograft. Cyclosporine and prednisolone were the primary immunosuppressants that started 2-3 days before transplantation. Acute rejection occurred in 11 recipients(33.3%). Acute rejection tended to occur earlier. Eight of 11 first episodes were within 3 days posttransplant, which were all recovered by either steroid pulse or OKT3. Mean follow up was 35 months. Two patients died with functioning graft. Three-year graft survival rate was 93.9%. There was no immunologic graft loss. We conclude that -24h DST may be a valuable option of immune modulation for renal transplantation with no demonstrable adverse reaction. It's beneficial effect needs to be confirmed by a larger controlled study.
( Jin Kyung Cho ),( In Hwan Lee ),( Dong Hyun Kim ),( Yeo Jung Koh ),( Ji Young Kong ),( Sang Hee Lee ),( Hyun Sik Kang ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.4
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on a high fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver and its metabolic complications in C57BL/6 mice. [Methods] Mice at 5-month old (n = 30) were randomly assigned to standard chow (SC + CON, n = 10) and high-fat diet (HFD, n = 20), and they were subjected to SC and HFD, respectively, for 23-week. After 15-week of HFD, mice in the HFD group were further assigned to HFD (HFD + CON, n = 10) or exercise training (HFD + EX, n = 10) groups. The HFD + EX mice were subjected to aerobic treadmill running during the last 8-week of the 23-week HFD course. Outcomes included hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and/or fatty oxidation as well as de novo lipogenesis and/or triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. [Results] Treadmill running ameliorated impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance secondary to the HFD. The beneficial effects of treadmill running were associated with enhanced molecular markers of mitochondrial function and/or fatty acids oxidation (i.e., PPARα and CPT1a mRNAs, pAMPK/AMPK, pACC, and SIRT1 protein) as well as suppressed expression of de novo lipogenesis and/or TAG synthesis (i.e., SREBP1c, lipin1 and FAS mRNAs) in the liver. [Conclusion] The current findings suggest that aerobic exercise training is an effective and non-pharmacological means to combat fatty liver and its metabolic complications in HFD-induced obese mice.
분석 - 변환규칙이 결합된 영 - 한 기계번역에서의 변환시스템
이경순(Kyung-Soon Lee),조영환(Young Hwan Cho),이공주(Kong Joo Lee),임철수(Chul Su Lim),김길창(Gil Chang Kim) 한국정보과학회 1996 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2A
본 연구에서는 영-한 기계번역에서 발생하는 언어적, 표현적 차이를 해결하고 분석과 변환을 일관성있게 수행할 수 있는 기계번역시스템을 제안한다. 원시언어를 분석하기 위한 각각의 구문 분석규칙에는 그에 해당하는 변환규칙이 정의되어 있다. 그러므로, 구문 분석 결과로부터 그에 해당하는 변환규칙을 이용해서 구(phrase)단위의 변환을 수행할 수 있다. 관용적 표현과 같이 일반적인 분석 및 변환규칙을 적용하여 해결하기 어려운 어휘 고유의 예외적인 언어현상이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 사전에 어휘 고유의 예외적인 현상을 분석규칙과 변환규칙의 형태로 저장한다. 이렇게 함으로써 기본규칙들의 복잡도를 증가시키지 않고, 일관성 있는 처리와 더불어 자연스러운 번역을 수행할 수 있다.
B 형 만성 간질환 환자 자녀들의 B 형 간염 바이러스 감염률 : 특히 0 - 19 세 자녀들의 감염률 associated Chronic Liver Disease
조경환,김지훈,박용규,조남영,김재선,연종은,변관수,이창홍,김윤홍,공휘,박영태,정길만 대한간학회 2001 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.7 No.4
Background / Aims : This study aimed to estimate the seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection with emphasis on the transmission of HBV infection between mother's and their children. Methods : For 452 patients with HBV associated chronic liver disease, and 1,098 of their offspring, who visited Korea University Kuro Hospital from February, 2000 to February,2001, HBsAg was tested by radioimmunoassay. Results : Among siblings whose mothers were HBsAg - positive, the overall prevalence rate of HBV infection was 44.9%(140/312) and decreased with decreasing age(54.7% in ≥ 20 years old age group, 33.3% in 10-19 years old age group, 7.6% in < 10 years old age group). The estimated proportion of perinatal infection out of modes of HBV transmissions in the general population was 38% in < 10 years and 63.4% in 10-19 years. Conclusion : The present hepatitis B vaccination strategies-especially against perinatal infection of Korea have performed to their utmost. More effective methods for prevention of HBV transmission are now needed.