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이진구,김희동,강창성,서애경,이상현,박영규,이영보 한국잠사학회 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.26 No.1
Baculum elongatum has several peculiarities such as parthenogenesis, unique externalfeatures, changing body color, and dropping oviposition, which makes it a potentialeconomically useful insect. Oviposition was performed by females without fertilization bythe sperm of males. The oviposition period was 42.2 ± 22.7 days and the number of eggsper female was 109.5 ± 70.5 eggs. The hatch rate was 73.3% at 25°C and 66.7% after lowtemperature treatment (8°C for 60 days). In nature, B. elongatum overwinters as an egg, but itcan be assumed from the results that cold temperatures were not required for hatching. Thehatch rate was 98.2% in the treatment using floral foam, fermented sawdust, and leaves. The developmental period was 100.9 ± 4.2 days for eggs, 55.3 ± 4.6 days for nymphs, and49.7 ± 16.0 days for adults. The length of the eggs was 0.33 ± 0.0 cm and the lengths of thenymphs were clearly distinguishable according to the instar stage. Clover(Trifolium repens)was an excellent diet as it was similar to the host plant and could be used as an alternativediet. The rate of reaching adulthood for the insects was 66.7% on an artificial diet containing25% acacia leaves. For sustainable mass rearing of nymphs or adults of B. elongatum, anatural diet could be used such as acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), white oak (Quercusaliena), chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis), and bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), or analternative diet such as clover or artificial diet.
제주도 내에서 발생한 사륜 오토바이와 이륜 오토바이의 탑승자 손상의 비교
이진구,강영준,송성욱,김우정,강경원,박현수,박창배,강정호,부지환,이성근 대한응급의학회 2016 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.27 No.1
Purpose: As the usage rate of all-terrain vehicles (ATV) the number of injuries caused by ATVs is also surging. This has led to an increase in social attention to the safety of ATVs and the law for ATV safety standards was revised in 2009 and 2011. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of ATV injury compared with motorbike injury after implementation of the ATV safety policy. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observation study was conducted using emergent department (ED)-based indepth injury surveillance system data from 2011 January to 2014 December. Demographics, injury-related characteristics, injury severity, and outcomes of patients related to ATV and motorbike injury visiting our ED were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used for major adverse event (MAE), which was defined as any intensive care, emergent operation, or death between ATV and motorbike related injury adjusted for covariates. Results: During the study period, there were 101 ATV- and 584 motorbike-related injuries. Females had more ATVrelated injuries (63.4% vs 32.9%, p<0.001) during leisure activities (93.1%) with higher helmet usage (73.3% vs 62.0%, p=0.01) and lower usage in terms of emergency medical service (23.8% vs 46.4%, p<0.001), automobile insurance (10.9% vs 54.1%, p<0.001) compared with motorbike- related injuries. MAE in ATV-related injuries was less likely in a univariate logistic model (unadjusted odd ratios [ORs] 0.489, 95% confidential intervals [Cis] 0.282 to 0.848), but the multivariate logistic model showed no significant difference (adjusted ORs 1.018, 95% CIs 0.376 to 1.414). Conclusion: Results of this study showed no significant difference in occurrence of clinical major adverse events between motorbikes and ATVs-related injury on Jeju Island. However, considering the high injury prevalence in young age, female, and passengers during leisure activities, development of an education and injury prevention program will be needed for this vulnerable population.
미국 남장로회 선교사 루터 맥커첸(Luther Oliver McCutchen)의 한국 선교
이진구 한국기독교역사학회 2012 한국기독교와 역사 Vol.37 No.-
This paper attempted to explore the mission activities of Luther O. McCutchen, an American Southern Presbyterian missionary. He came to Korea in 1902 and continued to work until 1940. He studied at Union Theological Seminary and Columbia Theological Seminary to become a minister-missionary, where he learned conservative theology of Southern Presbyterianism. Since arrival to Korea, his mission activities could be divided into three periods. During the first period(1902-1908), he made efforts to preaching the Gospels around the country. As a result he succeed in establishing many churches in rural area. During the second period(1909-1940), he continued to do his main work such as baptizing and teaching Bible in his assigned block, that is, northeastern region of North Chulla-do. Specially, in this period, he taught students at Presbyterian Theological Seminary in Pyeungyang as well as in Men's Bible School in Chunju station. In 1940, owing to the break of war between America and Japan, all American missionaries in colonial Korea had to return to their country. During the third period(1941-1946), L. O. MacCutchen made a mission activities in Hawaii, serving as an associate minister of Korean Christian Church. There he also worked for Korean war prisoners caught by American army during the Pacific War. While in Hawaii, he regarded the Pacific War as a religious struggle between the heathenism and Christianity. According to his observation, Hawaiian society is rapidly secularized by theological liberalism. He argued that only the evangelical fundamentalism could block the stream of secularization threatening our Christian life. Here once again we could notice that his theological view ie deeply rooted in the theological conservatism of Southern Presbyterian Church. 맥커첸은 미국 남장로회 전주 선교지부 소속 선교사로서 40여 년 동안 호남지역에서 왕성한 선교활동을 펼쳤다. 그는 험준한 산악으로 뒤덮인 전북의 내륙 지역을 누비며 수많은 농촌교회를 개척하고 시골 교인들의 신앙을 지도하는 순회사역자의 일을 걷는 동시에 도시에서는 전주남문밖교회와 전주중앙교회의 담임목사로 활동했다. 그는 선교현장에서의 오랜 경험을 토대로 선교사들이 지녀야 할 핵심 덕목과 행동 지침을 창안하기도 하였으며, 한국교회가 해외선교에 적극 나서야 한다는 주장을 펼치기도 하였다. 맥커첸은 목회자였을 뿐만 아니라 교육자이기도 하였다. 그는 평양신학교에서 오래 동안 학생들을 가르쳤으며 전주남자성경학교의 교장으로 30년간 봉직했다. 그의 지도하에 수많은 교회지도자가 배출되어 호남지역 교회사의 주역이 되었다. 태평양전쟁으로 송환된 뒤에도 한국인을 위한 그의 선교활동은 중단되지 않았다. 그는 하와이 한인기독교회의 부목사로 재직하면서 한인공동체를 위해 봉사하는 동시에 한인 전쟁포로를 위한 포로사역도 하였다. 하와이에서 선교활동을 하는 동안 그는 자신의 신학적 색깔을 분명하게 드러내었다. 그는 태평양전쟁을 ‘이교도와 기독교의 전쟁’으로 해석하고, 자유주의 신학의 영향으로 인한 하와이의 ‘세속화’를 경계하며, 한인 사회에 나타나는 ‘영성의 약화’를 우려하였다. 맥커첸은 세속화의 확산을 막기 위한 강력한 대안으로 장로교의 보수 신학을 내세웠는데 이는 그가 당시 미국 남장로회의 신학적 노선을 철저히 따른 선교사였음을 잘 보여준다.