http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Evaluation of the Biochars pH on NH₃ Volatilization
Yun-Gu Kang(강윤구),Jin-Hyuk Chun(천진혁),Jae-Han Lee(이재한),Yeo-Uk Yun(윤여욱),Gi-Bum Yi(이기범),Taek-Keun Oh(오택근) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most vital nutrient elements in plant growth. The plant quality and quantity varies depending on the amount of N. However, owing to the moderately low N use efficiencies by the growing crops, a considerably large percentage of it about 10 - 20% is volatilized to the atmosphere as form of NH₃ and N₂O. The volatilized NH₃ reacts with various oxides (NO<SUB>x</SUB>, SO<SUB>x</SUB>) to generate secondary particulate matter (PM2.5). Therefore, this study aimed to assess if biochars pH can impact its capacity of lessening NH3 emitted from the fertilized agricultural fields. Biochar was applied with 1% (w w<SUP>-1</SUP>) while N in form of urea was applied at three different rates of 160, 320, and 640 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>. NH₃ was collected using a dynamic chamber method and analyzed following the indophenol blue method after extraction with 2 M KCl solution. Based on the results indicate that the daily NH₃ emissions peaked within 4 - 7 days after fertilizations and decreased sharply afterwards. biochar amendments greatly reduced NH₃ emissions in all the treatments. The greatest reduction of 25% in relation to the control came from the neutral biochar (pH 6.7) applied to the soil fertilized with the 320 kg N ha<SUP>-1</SUP> and is thus, the most effective way of reducing NH3 volatilizations.
Measurement of NH₃ Volatilization from Organic Fertilizer Using a Dynamic Chamber
Yun-Gu Kang(강윤구),Jae-Han Lee(이재한),Jin-Hyuk Chun(천진혁),Yong-Jun Yu(유용준),Jun-Yong Lee(이준영),Gi-Bum Yi(이기범),Taek-Keun Oh(오택근) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11
Most organic fertilizers are manufactured using imported ingredients and organic fertilizer can improve the agricultural productivity through soil fertility improvement and microbial activity increase. Ammonia (NH₃) is mostly emitted from the agricultural sector and the NH₃ emission from fertilizer use is about 7%. Biochar can be produced under oxygen-limited conditions using several biomass and biochar has effects such as carbon sequestration and heavy metal adsorption in the soil. In this study, the organic fertilizers (OF) were classified according to the type of ingredients and the mixing ratio, and the NH₃ emission was evaluated using a dynamic chamber method. OF1 and OF2 are commonly used organic fertilizers in domestic, and OF3 and OF4 are manufactured by mixing biochar. When only organic fertilizers were used, OF1 represented the highest emission (25.12 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>), and when both organic and inorganic fertilizers were treated, OF3+NPK expressed the most volatilization (155.41 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>). When biochar is added to organic fertilizer, the pH and total nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer decreased and the total carbon content and inorganic contents increased. However, when organic fertilizer contained biochar is treated to the soil, it is thought to be beneficial to growth of crops by increasing the content of phosphate and potassium. This study evaluated the possibility of replacing some of the ingredients of organic fertilizer with biochar and the emitted NH₃. Results showed that it is most advantageous to promote crop growth when producing like OF4 type.
Yun-Gu Kang(강윤구),Nam-Ho Kim(김남호),Jun-Ho Kim(김준호),Da-Hee Ko(고다희),Gi-Bum Yi(이기범),Taek-Keun Oh(오택근) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11
Biochar can be obtained when various biomass and feedstocks are pyrolyzed under oxygen-limited conditions. Biochar enhances plant growth and sequestrates carbon semi-permanently with a stable structure in the soil. The rice husk and rice straw used as experimental ingredients are most common agricultural waste in Korea. A wood vinegar is a liquid produced by liquefied smoke generated when wood is heated at high temperature to produce charcoal. Wood vinegar improves the growth of plants and inhibits diseases and pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biochar produced from rice husk and rice straw as well as wood vinegar on the growth of perilla (Perilla frutescens var.) and soil chemical properties. The experiment was conducted by using a wagner pot (1 5000 a<SUP>-1</SUP>) in a glass greenhouse from March 30 to May 28, 2021. The biochar was prepared by pyrolysis at 450°C for 30 minutes, and the wood vinegar was diluted to 1:500 (v v<SUP>-1</SUP>). The combination of biochar and wood vinegar produced the highest yields. Soil pH increment was only observed in the soil treated with the rice straw biochar, soil EC increased in all the treatments except for the control. The carbon content of the soil was highest in the rice husk biochar treatment. Based on the results of this study, both biochar and wood vinegar are agriculturally productive.
벼와 옥수수 부산물로 제조한 바이오차의 NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> 흡착 특성 평가
강윤구 ( Yun-Gu Kang ),이재한 ( Jae-han Lee ),천진혁 ( Jin-hyuk Chun ),오택근 ( Taek-keun Oh ) 한국환경농학회 2021 한국환경농학회지 Vol.40 No.3
BACKGROUND: Biochar has ability to reduce N loss, increase crop yield, and sequestrate carbon in the soil However, there is still limited study concerning the interactive effects of various biochars on NH<sub>3</sub> loss and plant growth. This study, therefore, was conducted to investigate the NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> adsorption characteristics of biochar derived from rice and maize residues. METHODS AND RESULTS: By-products were pyrolyzed under oxygen-limited conditions at 300-700°C for 1 hour and used for experiment of NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> adsorption in aqueous solution. The adsorption characteristics of biochar were studied using Langmuir isotherm. Biochar yield and hydrogen content decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures, whereas pH, EC, and total carbon content increased. The biochar pyrolyzed at lower temperatures was more efficient at NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> adsorption than those produced at higher temperatures. In addition, the R<sub>L</sub> values, indicating equilibrium coefficient were between 0 and 1, confirming that the result was suitable for Langmuir isotherm. CONCLUSION: The maize stalk biochar pyrolyzed at 300°C was the most efficient to adsorb NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> from the aqueous solution. Furthermore, the adsorption results of this experiment were lower than those of other prior studies, which were ascribed to different experimental conditions such as ingredients, and pyrolysis conditions.