금피복된 임플란트 보철용 유지나사의 예비하중 및 풀림회전력에 관한 연구

정창모,황희성,전영찬,최설희 大韓齒科器材學會 2000 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study was to compare the preload and the removal torque produced when using gold coated prosthetic retaining screws (Gold-Tite retaining screws) and non-coated screws(gold screws) repeatedly and to evaluate effects of a thin pure gold coating on screw stability. Following connection of the conical abutment to implant fixture using 20 Ncm of torque applied by a torque gauge, fastened the strain-gauged gold cylinder to conical abutment with gold screw, Gold-Tite retaining screw using 10Ncm. Then, preloads and removal torques were measured, screws tightened and loosened 8 times repeatedly. All experiments were performed under dry and wet condition. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. For gold screw group, no significant differences existed in the preload and the removal torque according to trials in both conditions(p>0.05). 2. For Gold-Tite retaining screw group, no significant differences existed in the preload according to trials in both conditions(p>0.05). However, the removal torque decreased at the second trial and incresed, after then(p<0.05). 3. In comparison of preloads according to trials, the preload in dry condition was greater than in wet condition only for Gold-Tite retaining screw group after the fourth trial(p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found between gold screw group and Gold-Tite retaining screw group(p>0.05). 4. In comparison of removal torque according to trials, the removal torque of gold screw group was greater than of Gold-Tite retaining screw group in dry condition at the second, third trial(p<0.05). At the other trials, no significant differences were found among the experimental groups(p>0.05).

정신지체특수학교 직업교육 혁신을 위한 교사참조요목 개발

박희찬,정민호 국립특수교육원 2005 특수교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

이 연구는 정신지체특수학교의 직업교육을 혁신하기 위해 교사참조요목을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 제7차 특수학교 교육과정의 하나인 기본교육과정의 직업교육, 전환교육, 그리고 지원고용 관련 문헌을 분석하여 교사참조요목의 초안을 마련하였고, 6명으로 구성된 직업교육 전문가 집단의 검토를 거쳐 5개영역에서 44개 문항을 개발하였다. 이 문항의 중요성에 대하여 중등부가 있는 전국 정신지체 특수학교 직업교사를 대상으로 조사연구를 실시하였다. 조사연구는 교사참조요목의 각 항목에 대한 중요성을 5점 척도의 조사지 형태로 만들어 실시하였고, 71개 학교에서 조사지가 회수되었다. 전체 조사문항에 대한 신뢰도로 Cronbach α는 .95였다. 조사결과, 교사참조요목의 교육과정은 모두 6개의 항목으로 구성되었고, 평정 점수는 4.18~4.41, 평균 점수는 4.34이었다. 교육방법은 16개의 항목에 평정점수는 3.90~4.65, 평균점수는 4.26이었다. 교육인력은 11개의 항목에 평정점수는 3.92~4.73, 평균점수는 4.31이었다. 교육시설은 6개의 항목에 평정점수 4.39~4.62, 평균점수 4.51이었다. 교육지원은 5개의 항목에 평정점수는 4.49~4.76, 평균점수 4.61이었다. 마지막으로 교사참조요목에 대한 논의와 활용 방안 개발, 현장 특수학교에서의 적용 사례 제시 등 후속연구 방안이 제안되었다. The purpose of the study was the development of teachers' reference inventory for renovation of vocational education of special schools for students with mental retardation. To investigate the purpose, the study reviewed Vocational Education Teachers' Book in 7th Basic Curriculum and literatures related to transition as well as supported employment. As a teachers' inventory, 44 items were developed in five areas based on the literature review and professionals discussion. Then, the importance of the 44 items were evaluated using 1 to 5 Likert scale by vocational special education teachers in 71 special schools among 73 special schools for students with mental retardation. The Cronbach's αof the inventory was .95. The first area, vocational education curriculum was composed of 6 items and evaluated from 4.18 to 4.41, with mean of 4.34. The second area, vocational educational method was composed of 16 items and evaluated from 3.90 to 4.65, with mean of 4.26. The third area, vocational educational personnel was composed of 11 items and evaluated from 3.92 to 4.73, with mean of 4.31. The fourth area, vocational educational facility was composed of 6 items and evaluated from 4.39 to 4.62, with mean of 4.51. Finally, the educational support for vocational education area was composed of 5 items and evaluated from 4.49 to 4.76, with mean of 4.61. The study suggested further research on the application method of the teachers' inventory and effective uses of the inventory in special schools to renovate vocational education.

SNMP Key의 문제점 해결을 위한 PKI 메커니즘 설계

노정희,박찬모,이정기,이광,이준 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2002 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.5 No.2

최근 모자이크의 시대 이후 인터넷의 폭발적인 발달로 인해 Client-Sever의 방식의 네트웍 서비스 방식뿐만 아니라 P2P(Peer to Peer) 등 분산 서비스 환경이 각광을 받고 있다. 사용자의 직접적인 자료의 공유를 위해서는 Peer to Peer 환경을 설정하여 분산되어진 자료의 효과적인 관리를 위한 통신의 주체가 되는 각각의 에이젼트들 간의 통신과 Sever와 Agent의 통신에 있어 악의적인 침입에 의한 정보누출이 문제가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제의 해결방안으로 환경에 적합한 PKI(공개키 기반구조)를 기반을 이용하여 보안 메커니즘을 설계하였다. By greatly development of internet since age of mosaic recently, P2P (Peer to Peer) back breakup service environment as well as the network service way of Client-Sever's way is getting into the spotlight. Information leakage by invasion that is enemy of evil in communication of communications division Sever and Agent between each agents that become burden of communication for effective administration of become discrete data establishing Peer to Peer environment for share of direct data of user is becoming an issue. In environment by solution way of these problem in this treatise suitable PKI (PKI) using base security mechanism design.

갈륨액체금속 이온원과 인듐액체금속 이온원의 빔 특성에 대한 연구

현정우,임연찬,정강원,정원희,박철우,이종향,강승언 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

본 연구에서는 인듐 액체금속이온원을 제작하여 빔 특성에 대해 연구를 하였으며, 기존에 연구를 하였던 갈륨 액체금속이온원의 빔특성과 비교 분석 하였다. 빔특성 분석을 위해 빔 안정도, 전류-전압특성곡선, 에너지 퍼짐을 측정하였다. 액체금속이온원에 사용되는 액체금속 저장소 및 바늘전극(tip)은 500μm의 직경을 갖는 텅스텐을 사용하였으며, 국내에서 제작된 제품을 사용하였다. 액체금속 저장소의 구조는 이전에 구상하여 연구가 이루어진 6개의 pre-etching된 텅스텐와이어(wire)가 묶여진 형태를 사용하였다.

意思決定論序說 : 規範的 理論模型

權寧贊,朴英熙,尹正吉 건국대학교 1975 學術誌 Vol.19 No.1

Decision making is one of the most important functions of administrators and it is a key element of management functions which is "to determine what you want people to accomplish, to check periodically on flow well they are accomplishing it, and to develop methods by which they well perform more effectively". In other words, deciding what to do, and how to do it, is then, the heart of the management function. The purpose of this paper is writing the teat book of the theory and the pratice in decision-making. But we only paid the attention on introducing and analysing some normative models of public policy making because of limiting time and volume here. An important thought relatively new and less developed addition to the formal line of organizational analysis is the study of organizational decision-making. The theory of decision-making is at present largely a non-organizational theory that deaths with decisions made by individuals, disregarding whether the individuals are card players, shoppers in a supermarket, or executive. Moreover, like the classical administrative approach, decision-makings theory in large part is prescriptive ; i.e., it indicates-often on the basis of mathematical analysis and logical reasoning, sometimes on the basis of "distilled common sense"-what steps a decision-mailer should follow if he wishes to make rational decision. However, in recent years there has been growing interest in a descriptive theory of decision-making which reports and analyzes how people actually make decisions, what prevents them from making rational ones, and under what conditions they will make comparatively rational decisions. The descriptive approach still requires considerable development and needs to be extended from the individual to the organization level. According to Yehezkel Dror's classification in this paper, we concentrated on six main normative models that deal with phases of policy-making: (1) the pure-rationality model: (2) the "economically rational" model; (3) the sequential-decision model; (4) the incremental-change model: (5) the satisfying model; and (6) the extrarational-processes model. In this paper, we have described and critically analyze these six nomative models one by one, paying special attention to the assumptions on which they are based, to their domains of validity, and to their major limitations. To bun up, Dror analyzed the previous sirs normative models and he constructed his own optimal normative model of policy-making which had mixed the "economically" rational model and the extrarational model. The optimal model of public policy making tries to reject pure rationality on the one hand, and to provide an optimal goal that is more than an incrementally improved extrapolation of the present situation on the other hand. Dror intended the optimal model to be both an analytical tool for understanding policy-making and a goal that actual public policy making can approximate if the policymakers are willing to try. It should be judged not as an end in itself, but only as an operational tool, that is, by its usef71ness for analyzing, evaluating, and improving public policy-making. All five of the normative models except the extrarational model discussed above share one basic assumption, namely, that purse rationality, when it can be achieved at a reasonable cost, is the best method for decisionmaking and policymaking. The differences between the pure-rationality model and the other four are not in their basic assumptions but in the way they estimate the practicality and justification for a pure-rationality policy in terms of benefits arid costs. The economically rational model deviates from pure rationality because it accepts the restraints that limited resources put on trying to achieve pure rationality. The sequential-decision model in effect proposes a new type of policy making strategy to be considered by pure-rationality and economic피Iy rational standards. The incremental change model deviates from pure rationality on the grounds that innovative policies are necessarily risky and unpredictable, and that the unexpected results of such policies will likely be very costly. The satisfying model deviates from pure rationality on the grounds that, fur social-psychological reasons, policymakers do not look for new alternatives after they have found one they consider satisfactory. But all these models are clearly derived from the pure-rationality model, are themselves justified in terms of "pure rationality," and are presented as realistic second-bests to the unachievable ideal, pure rationality. The model that is exactly opposite to the pure-rationality model is therefore not one of these four models. It is rather the extrarational model, whose various forma are based on some acceptance of extrarational processes as an optimal method for decisionmaking and policymaking. A normative model of public policymaking exists as a tool for systematically analyzing public policymaking, as a basis for the criteria and standards needed to evaluate policymaking, and as a guide for formulating effective proposals for any improvements that are found to be desirable. Such a model should be normative, not in the sense of setting forth final goals, but in the instrumental sense of establishing processes and structures whereby a maximum net output of whatever coals and values are desired can be achieved. In contrast, a non-normative behavioral model is good enough for analyzing policymaking, but to make improvements in policymaking, one needs a model which is suitable not only for scientific analysis of actual behavior, but also for evaluating that behavior, and for deriving suggestions for improving that behavior. The normative model must therefore also be idealistic enough that it can stimulate consistent, through-going proposals for innovative improvements based on the best available knowledge. Insofar as the normative model used to evaluate public policymaking is either too utopian or too realistic, it will lead to a picture that is either too dark or too bright, respectively, neither picture being much good for deciding how to improve the situation. Dror's optimal model of public policymaking has a characteristics of avoiding both extremes deseribed above.

중증 재생불량성 빈혈 환자에서 신우신염에 대한 광범위항생제치료 중에 속발한 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 진균감염 1예

김철희,이정호,이정찬,강정현,곽상혁,배광봉,김현수,김종숙,조덕연,김삼용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.1

Most patients with aplastic anemia who do not respond to immunosuppressive treatment or are not candidates for bone marrow transplantation die of infection or bleeding. The neutropenia in acute leukemia, aplastic anemia, or occurring subsequently to chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation increases susceptibility to infection. In general, the number of infectious episodes correlate with the degree and duration of neutropenia. Global immunosuppression produced by conditioning for bone marrow transplantation or graft-versus-host disease, is associated with unusual bacterial and fungal pathogens, or serious viral and protozoan infections. In addition, repeated treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics is associated with the emergence of resistant organisms and fungal diseases because of the altered microbial microenvironment of the host. The incidence of invasive fungal infection caused by Saccharomycetes eerevisiae in immunosuppressed patients is very rare, compared with that of infection by candida or aspcrgillus species. Cases of Saccharomycetes cerevisiae fungemia occurring in the course of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics are reported in patients with extensive burn or with prosthetic valve endocarditis. We experienced a case of urinary tract infection by Saccharomycetes cerevisiae in a 27-year old female patient with severe aplastic anemia. We report the case with a review of relevant literatures.

직장암환자에서 복회음병합절제술(Miles' operation)후 발생한 지속적인 배뇨장애의 치료

박희석,김기찬,정호중 高神大學 醫學部 1998 高神大學醫學部 論文集 Vol.13 No.1-2

폐결핵 환자 혈청에서 수용성 Interleukin 2 수용체 및 Adenosine Deaminase 활성도에 관한 연구

고정희,박성규,백상현,박찬권,박병수,안진영,최우석,박정규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.1

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces T cell proliferation in an autocrine manner and provides a means by which antigen triggered T cells can be clonally expanded in vitro. During the following activation, the activity of IL-2 is mediated by specific high affinity IL-2 binding membrane receptors which are expressed shortly after activation. In this process, a 42 KD-fragment (soluble IL-2R) is continuously cleaved off and circulates as a soluble marker of T lymphocyte activation. Elevated level of soluble IL-2R has been identified in the serum of patients with malignant autoimmune and allergic disorders, systemic parasitic infection, undergoing graft versus host disease, acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and HIV-infection. ADA (adenosine deaminase) completes the process of differentiation of T cell and is essential for progression of T cell maturation. Therefore level of ADA is to correlated with magnitude of T cell immune response. The fact that expression of sIL-2R and ADA activity increases in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis suggests that T cell activation might have a major role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. In order to evaluate the T cell immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis, we measured the serum concentration of sIL-2R and ADA activity in 17 patients with current pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 chronic inactive pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 as normal controls. (1) Current pulmonary tuberculosis had significantly higher levels of sIL-2R (237.24±95.47)when compared with those of inactive tuberculosis (78.6±11.06). and the control (68.17±15.4) group. (2) ADA activity in current pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly increased (34.41±20.63) when compared with those of inactive tuberculosis (24.7±14.36) and control (17.65± 5.94) group. (3) There was good correlation between sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity in serum in current pulmonary tuberculosis group. (4) sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity was decreased significantly 6 months after anti-tuberculosis drug medication. In conclusion, sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity in serum in current pulmonary tuberculosis group was increased when compared with those of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis and the control group. By the way, T cell mediated immune response was enhanced in current pulmonary tuberculosis, but in inactive chronic pulmonary tuberculosis who had treated by antituberculosis drug medication, the concentration of sIL-2R and ADA activity was nearly normal.

도시쓰레기 처리·처분을 위한 발생원별 쓰레기 배출특성에 관한 연구 : 전주시를 중심으로

원찬희,김종신,김민정 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

This paper was on the physico-chemical properties of municipal solid wastes generated from Chonju. Each waste sample was analyzed to obtain physical composition, proximate analysis, chemical composition and heavy metal composition, proximate analysis, chemical composition and heavy metal composition. These characteristics were compared with those of residential and commercial area in Chonju. The densities of solids wastes were largely different for each sampling site and the average densities of wastes from high rise apartment building area and commercial area were 0.247ton/㎥ and 0.177ton/㎥, respectively. The average physical composition of wastes from residential area were food waste 54.4∼57.9%, paper 16.9∼17.9%, vinyl plastics 13.1∼9.3%, while that of commercial area was food waste 49.7%, paper 33%, vinyl plastics 7.0%. The average moisture contents of waste from row-rise detected dwellings and high rise apartment building and commercial area were 32.2%, 35%, 35.6% and the volatile solids were 52.8%, 45%, 44.9%, respectively. The average chemical composition of wastes from residential area were carbon 50.1%, hydrogen 6.2%, while that of commercial area was carbon 51%, hydrogen 6.5%.

분편 인플루엔자백신(split influenza vaccine)의 임상효과 및 면역원성에 관한 연구

우흥정,김동림,정희진,천병철,이주연,안정배,김지희,박찬,신영규,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적 : 아단위 인플루엔자 백신 접종 후 백신의 인플루엔자 예방효과, 인플루엔자 방어 항체형성, 인플루엔자 백신의 안전성을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : 총 571명을 대상으로 인플루엔자 백신 접종을 하였고, 이들 접종자에서 인플루엔자 양질환의 이환을 조사하여 인플루엔자 백신의 인플루엔자예방효과를 알아보았고, 백신의 접종 전 및 접종 4주 후 혈청에서 혈구응집억제물(Hemagglutination Inhibition : HAI) 항체 검사를 실시하여 백신의 방어항체생성을 조사하였고, 백신의 안전성을 알아보기 위해 백신접종 후 1주일 이내의 부작용을 조사하였다. 결과 :백신 접종군과 백신 비접종군에서 인플루엔자 양 질환의 이환을 조사한 결과 접종군 28.35%, 비접종군 35.88%으로 나왔으며, p 값이 0.001로 통계적으로 접종군에서 유의하게 낮았고, 인플루엔자 양 질환의 예방 효과는 20.97%를 보였다. 백신의 방어항체 형성의 평가를 위해 유럽의 인플루엔자 백신 허가 기준을 조사하였는데 B/Guangdong/5/94균주의 백신접종 후 항체가 40이상의 비율을 제외한 다른 기준은 모두 만족 시켰다. 부작용은 전체 조사자 521명중 149명(29%)으로 주로 접종 부위의 국소 부작용을 호소했고, 전신 부작용은 2% 내외였으며 특별히 심각한 부작용은 발견되지 않았다. 결론 : 분편 인플루엔자 백신은 인플루엔자양질환의 예방과 방어항체생성에 효과 있으며 안전한 것으로 사료된다. Background : The safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccine are well known in developed country. The influenza vaccination has been recommended as one of the tentative immunization schedule for indicated persons since 1997 in Korea. But there are still no available data about them, even though nearly 5 million doses of influenza vaccine were used in 1997-1998 season. So it is immediately needed to investigate the safety. efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine among Korean. Methods : We studied the clinical efficacy of influenza vaccine by monitoring Occurrence of influenza-like illness in influenza risk group(vaccination ; 300, non-vaccination; 215) from December in 1997 to March in 1998. We used the split quadrivalent influenza vaccine containing 15 microgram of hemagglutinin of A/Beijing/262/95(HlNl), A/Wuhan/359/95(H3N2), B/Mie/1/93 and B/Guangdong/5/94. Hemagglutination inhibition(HA1) antibody titers were determined before immunization and 1 months after vaccination And we evaluated adverse effect of influenza vaccination at 7 days after vaccination. Results : Influenza vaccination was associated with si@icant reductions in influenza-like spptoms(vaccination group; 28.35%, non-vaccination group, 35.88%, p=0.001). The preventive effect of influenza-like i3lne.s among influenza risk goup was 20.97%. And immunogenicity of influenza A and B exceeded all of the European licensure criteria for immunogenicity except postvaccination proportion of titers 240 of B/Guangdong/5/94 strain. And the adverse effects were mainly local injection site problem and no serious adverse effect was noted. Conclusion : Split influenza vaccine is safe, inmunogenic and eff'tive in influenza risk group in Korea.