노인 당뇨환자의 복약 및 다제병용실태 분석

이의경,최영옥 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2000 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study is intended to investigate medication compliance and polypharmacy of the diabetic patients by age group in order to determine the major factors that influence their compliance. 198 ambulatory diabetic patients were interviewed, and the sample was divided into three groups based on the age: Young age group under 75, Borderline age group between 55 - 65, Old age group over 65. According to the study results, medication compliance for the old age group was 72.6% whereas 85.1% for the young age group. Medication compliance significantly decreased as the age of the patients increased. Also the degree of polypharmacy, the rate which patients take more than 6 prescription drugs, was 45.9% for the old gruop, whereas 31.2% for the young group. As the most important factor of polypharmacy, the number of doctors was statistically significant. With regard to prescription factors related to medication compliance, the amount of prescribed medication is statistically significant between the compliance group and non-compliance group. In addition, the amount of information provided to patients by pharmacists was determined to be a very significant factor. Also the level of ease in understanding the medication instructions varied significantly between the compliance group and the non-compliance group. In light of the empirical data and results for the diabetic patients, it is necessary to develop and implement various programs to improve medication compliance and to decrease the level of polypharmacy among the elderly, or "old", diabetic patients.

영·유아 언어, 인지, 사회·정서 발달 평가도구 문항 개발을 위한 예비연구

이종숙,신은수,박은혜,김영태,유영의,최일선,유흥옥 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2009 교육과학연구 Vol.40 No.3

본 연구는 만 2~5세 영·유아의 발달 상태를 객관적으로 평가함과 동시에 발달이 지연된 영·유아를 선별할 수 있는 발달평가도구 문항을 개발하기 위한 예비연구이다. 이를 위해 문헌고찰 및 발달관련 평가도구들을 비교 분석하여 발달지표를 선정하고, 만 2세~5세까지의 영·유아의 언어, 인지, 사회·정서발달영역을 교사관찰에 기초하여 평가할 수 있는 문항을 개발하였다. 연구대상은 대도시, 중소도시, 읍면 소재지 별로 표집 된 만 2세부터 5세까지 총 13개 유아교육기관에 다니는 435명의 영·유아들이며, 본 연구에서 최종 개발된 평가도구의 문항은 총 141문항이다. 평가도구 문항은 언어, 인지, 사회·정서발달영역별로 영·유아의 행동과 언어를 중심으로 교사가 관찰하고, 관찰하기 어려운 문항에 대해서는 단서와 kit를 제시하여 평가할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 개발된 평가도구 문항의 적절성을 알아보기 위하여 내용 타당도와 내적 신뢰도를 살펴본 결과 비교적 양호한 것으로 나타났다. This was a preliminary study to construct a developmental rating scale for understanding children's objective developmental levels and screening developmental disabilities. For this purpose, a developmental indicator was selected by a literature review and comparative analysis of related developmental assessment tests. An assessment scale based on teacher's observations to measure language, recognition, and social-emotional developmental areas was developed. The subjects were 435 young children aged 2 to 5 who lived in both urban and rural areas. A trial test consisted of 141 assessment items in the language, recognition, and social-emotional developmental domains. The developmental scale was evaluated by teachers who observed children's behavior and language, and used clues and kits. Tests on validity and reliability for confirming the appropriateness of the developed assessment scale showed that content was relatively valid and internally consistent.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

Carboxymethylcellulose(CMC)를 이용한 수용성 섬유 제조 특성에 관한 연구

최영민,정의현,박진원,신재균,Toshio, Kajiuchi,Hong, Kyung Jin 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1

The manufacturing characteristics of water soluble fiber were studied using carboxymethycellulose(CMC) prepared from viscose rayon. Manufactiring process of CMC consists of mercerization and etherification stages. Experimental conditions are NaOH and MCA concentration and stop of reaction process. The former two steps of manufacturing process were reduced to one step. The solubility of CMC in one step process was compared with former process.

테니스 포핸드 스트로크 시 오픈스탠스의 족저압력분포의 변화

최지영,김승재,이의린 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회지 Vol.15 No.1

J. Y. CHOI, S. J. KIM, E. L. LEE. Change of Plantar Pressure Distribution of Open Stance during Forehand Stroke M Tennis. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 143-153, 2005. Recently among several tennis techniques forehand stroke has been greatly changed in the aspect of spin, grip and stance. The most fundamental factor among the three factors is the stance which consists of open, square and close stance and it is very important to know the patterns of plantar pressure distribution for the better understanding of forehand stroke. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the change of plantar pressure distribution in open stance during forehand stroke in tennis. Three high school tennis players were recruited for the study and required to perform forehand stroke five consecutive trials in the condition of open stance. The forehand strokes were filmed with two digital video cameras and measured with pedar system for plantar pressure. The plantar regions under the foot were divided into 3 regions, which were forefoot, midfoot, and rear foot. In conclusion, The plantar pressure of open stance during forehand stroke was distributed more largely to the right foot. The plantar pressure of open stance during forehand stroke was distributed more weight loads on forefoot of right than heel of right

하악 무치악 인공치아매식술시 하치조신경 전위술

최의환,하정완,김수관,정태영,김수흥 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.3

Modified surgical technique for transposition of the inferior alveolar nerve followed by immediate placement of endosseous implants in mandibles with moderate to severe atrophy are presented. Five transpositions of the inferior alveolar nerve together with the installation of 10 implants were performed in four patients. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 17 months, with a range of 8 to 20 months. All implants with functioning pontics remained stable, with no mobility or symptoms of pain and infection during the follow-up period. Neurosensory evaluation was performed using the two-point discrimination test. Two patients had objective neurosensory dysfunction at postoperative, but all the nerve function were reported as normal by the patients 4 months postoperatively.

CMC계 수용성 섬유의 물리적 강도향상 첨가제에 관한 연구

최영민,정의현,박진원,신재균,Kajiuchi, Toshio,Hong, Kyung jin 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

The aim of this research was to develope the additive for physical strength improvement of water soluble fiber(CMC) using viscose rayon. Experimental parameters were reaction time and concentration of MgSo₄. Firstly, solubility of carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) according to the addition of MgSO₄ was tested at room temperature with water. Secondly, through the examination of the FT-IR spectra, absorption band caused by hydroxyl group and carboxyl group was confirmed.

構成主義 政治體制에 관한 小考

崔義永 건국대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

Ⅰ.General meaning In Comtemporary usage 「Authoritarianism」 refers to the unrestricted domination of the state by an individual, a clique, or a small group. Instances of authoritarian rule are found in all epochs and in all civilizations. The term 「Authoritarianism」 may signify not only the governing principle of a political system but also an ideology underlying a way of life and, a normative expression of political behavior. Several expressions have been uses to characterize the historical phenomenon of authoritarian rule : ① tyranny ② despotism ③ autocracy ④ caesarism ⑤ totalitarianism. Apart from constitutional authoritarianism established to deal with governmental emergencies, all corms of authoritarianism scare the following features : (1) Exclusivity and arbitrariness in the exorcise of power (2) Abolition or loosening of the juridical bonds of political power (3) Elimination or substantial restriction of civil liberties (4) The predominantly aggressive, impulsive form of decision making (5) Employment of despotic methods of political and social control Ⅱ.Types of Authoritarianism Differences in origin, legitimation, organization of rule, and goals, as well as in political style, have led scholars to isolate types dictatorship and to differentiate among them (Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Carl Sctmitt, Franz L. Neumann). The summary below of certain ideal types of authoritarian political system attempts to make allowance for the interaction of the cultural, social, political and psychological factors which is characteristic of the different historical manifestations of these systems of rule. At the some time, these tapes show how different are the intensity of this interaction and the stability of the political-social relationships Within the several system. (1) Theocratic rule (2) Despotic one-man rule (3) Aristocratic rule (4) Caesarean rule (5) Totalitarian rule Ⅲ.Research interests and problems (1) Legitimacy : The issue of the legitimacy of authoritarian systems bas often been discussed in terms of the relation of the authoritarianism to tradition, to law and to the constitution. (2) Social structure and Mobility : The problems of the interdependence of the political and social orders found in the various authoritarian political systems are another subject of lively contemporary discussion. Researchers are studying the social and economic prerequisites of such systems and the influence that such a regime and its policies have on a country's social structure, economic system, and elite formation. Ⅳ.Conclusion : Authoritarianism in new nations In conclusion, a word should be said about the susceptibility of the developing countries to authotarianism. 「Strong man」 regimes are evolving in Asia and Africa, either in the form of military states or of presidential regimes. At any rate, the forms of parliamentary democracy imported from the colonizing powers could hardly take root, instead they proved to be structurally alien to native cultures. Actually, in most of these countries the traditional feudal institutions were strengthened and only a smell minority of native intellectuals capable of political thought and action evolved. The belief of these intellectuals in progress, especially their strong urge to accomplish rapid, radical industrialization and to established the welfare state at once, can be realized only by an authoritarian government. Substitution of a one-party system, supported by the military and the bureaucracy, for a multiparty system is the rule in many countries. The problems arising from the opposition of the old elite to the new ones, the transformation of the new elites into oligarchies, and the distance between them and the masses all play an important role in the growth of authoritarian political systems in the developing countries.

Europe統合에 있어서의 EEC의 役割

崔義永 건국대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

The idea of European Integration was already originated in the 14th century, but it had been nothing but an ideal and unreal pursuit untill the 20th century, in which real pursuit for integration has been activated. Many politians and thinkers have been interested in presenting their theories of integration. Some represent active people of them are Henry IV, Sully, Saint Saimon, Proudhon, Kalergi, Briand and Schuman. Western Europe began to see their economic failure and collapse of political order during the two world warts, and lost their dominant position in the world. And from that time on their have been struggling between the two powers, the United States and Russia. This unexpected downfall was realy disgraceful to their gloriousness in the past. They looted back upon internal and external accidents which had brought about their downfall, and self-examined their causes. And they had to united and spurt together in order to regain the glorious position of the past. Doing this, they have found a natural motivation in searching for a substantial European Integration. EEC was activited as an effort to achieve European Integration, just as ECSC, EDC, EPC, etc., but much more concret and substantial expression, EEC, although motivated as an economic integration in the begining, but in the light of its aim of set-up, common politics and process of working, was a step for its final object of achiving a political integration and securing an advanced position in the world economy, EEC has, on the one hand, carried on steadily its partial with some fruitful outcome. But, on the other hand, it has not progressed to much in the problems requiring political agreements. Therefore, today's EEC has come to limitation in which situation more development cannot be expected without political agreements. In addition, it has many difficulties in the way of approaching 1980's, such as internal conflicts, external initiative enhancement, relation which the U.S. some required agreements in the admission of England, including the energy crisis. Some chief elements blocking European Integration are utility diplomacy of each stats, lack of necessary external stimulus, delay in settling the problems causes when a new member centers, and so on. In this respect, it is highly desired that European try to develop EEC, by settling such obstacles, in more affirmative aspects rather than negative ones, in which the only possible way would be to break up, for more successful achievement of European Interation. They rather should do this, if they want to live on as they like to, in today's world Situation. In other words, Europeans, any way, have contributed to achieving of settling new problems, maximizing spilt-over effects, through their common participation in developing EEC, it can be staid with assurance that European Integration will be carried on favorably.

프랑스 自由主義의 性格 : 프랑스大革命 前後로부터 프랑스 第5常政까지

崔義永 건국대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.14 No.1

I.Historical Background When the last third of the eighteenth century is observated vantage point of its climax in the Great French Revolution of 1789, the most important historical strand of the whole era is the generation-long revolutionary turmoil which gave it a European context. In France alone did the conditions that produced the great powers of eighteenth-century European also develop into the conditions of a massive popular revolution against the monarchical and aristocratic institutions characteristic of those powers. The French Revolutionary of 1789 was as convulsive as it was because in France, and only in France, an elemental explosion of the unprovileged mass groups of the society converged with a political revolution by the articulate underprivileged groups for an equalized representative constitution. The conditions making for the massive unrest of peasant, artisans, shopkeepers, and unpropertied laborers in the countryside and the towns included long-range economic developments as well as short-range crisis, and this side of the popular revolt certainly belongs to the Old Regime. But it was the political revolt of the middling classes that turned the mass unrest into a popular revolution, and this part of the story was a growth that dated back only to the closing weeks of 1788 and that gave the end of the Old Regime the form of a sudden cataclysm. II.General Concepts The central concept of liberalism is that under the enforcement of universal rules of just conduct, protecting a recognizable private domain of individuals, a spontaneous order of human activities of much greater complexity will form itself than could ever be produced by deliberate arrangement, and that in consequence the coercive activities of government should be limited to the enforcement of such rules, whatever other services government may at the same time render by administering those particular resources. Which have been placed at its disposal for those purposes. III.The Condition of Liberalism in France Especially, French Liberalism generate turmoil circumtances. We can classified the main items as follows; 1.French Liberalism originated under anti-despotic, anti-aristocratic, anti-clerical system. 2.The new political thought (Liberalism) succeeded and brought down the complex of the Institutions and values that composed the Old Regime. 3.French Liberalism crashed traditional hierachy that were not established modern democratic social thought, order and justical economic in institutions(during the September and the February Revolution). Generally, we may speak of French Liberalism reffering to the main concepts. The first political program; Progressive political thought, liberty and equality are based on the fundemantal Human rights. The second political program; The social contract affects many point of Human political thought. We see, social thought and political thought are connected with main Ideas (Liberalism). So, foundamental Human Liberty is not gained by itself but achived through historical struggle.