Review : Characterization of a Recombinant Thermostable Arylsulfatase from Deep-Sea Bacterium Flammeovirga pacifica

( Chao Gao ),( Min Jin ),( Zhiwei Yi ),( Runying Zeng ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.11

A novel sulfatase gene, ary423 (1,536 bp ORF), encoding a protein of 511 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 56 kDa, was identified from Flammeovirga pacifica, which was isolated from deep-sea sediments of west Pacific Ocean. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that Ary423 possessed a conserved C-X-A-X-R motif, which was recognized as the sulfatase signature. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Ary423 belonged to arylsulfatases. After heterologous expression in Escherichia coli cells, the recombinant Ary423 was purified with a N i+ affinity column, and was shown to be highly active at a broad range of temperatures from 30° to 70°C, with maximum activity at 40°C. Furthermore, recombinant Ary423 retained more than 70% and 40% of its maximum activity after 12 h of incubation at 50°C and 60°C, respectively, exhibiting good thermostability at high temperatures. The optimal pH for Ary423 was determined to be 8.0 and the activity of Ary423 could be slightly enhanced by Mg2+. The recombinant enzyme could hydrolyze sulfate ester bonds in pnitrophenyl sulfate (NPS) and Asparagus crude polysaccharides with a specific activity of 64.8 U/mg and 25.4 U/mg, respectively. These favorable properties could make Ary423 attractive for application in the desulfating process of agar production.

The injector-based regenerative supercritical organic Rankine cycle

Chao Liu,Xi Wang,Hong Gao,Cheng Zhang,Chao He 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.5

In order to improve the thermodynamic performance of the Supercritical organic Rankine cycle (SORC), the regenerative supercritical organic Rankine cycle with an injector (RORC) is presented. For the moderate temperature of waste heat, the thermodynamic performance of RORC and SORC are investigated by using the working fluid R123. The effects of extraction pressure, expander inlet temperature, expander inlet pressure and condensing temperature on the net power output and the thermal efficiency have been analyzed. The net power output of RORC is greater than one of SORC when the extraction pressure is lower than 0.45 MPa. When the extraction pressure is 0.6 MPa, the efficiency of RORC reaches the maximum (16.06%), which is 0.66% higher than one of SORC. This reveals that the performance of RORC is better than that of SORC.

유리 소재를 적용한 환영적 공간 특성 연구

고초 ( Chao Gao ),이재규 ( Jae Kyu Lee ) 한국공간디자인학회 2015 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.10 No.5

연구배경 및 목적) 현대인들은 현실 세계와 환영 속에서 동시에 살고 있으며 ``진짜``와 ``가짜``를 구별하는 것이 모호해지고 있다. 우리가 살고 있는 현실은 거대한 환영 세계라고도 말할 수 있다. 유리 소재는 환영을 일으키는 중요한 한 근원이고 생활 속에서 건축물의 창문이나 외피 등 많은 영역에서 환영적 이미지를 만들어 낸다. 유리는 빛과 상호작용하여 환영적 표현을 나타나며, 생활 용품과 가구뿐만 아니라 건축에도 사용되는 소재이다. 현실공간과 가상공간이 중첩되는 현시대에 유리소재에 의한 환영적 공간의 연구에 의한 물리적공간의 재해석에 대한 필요성이 부각되고 있다. 공간디자인에서 유리 소재와 관련하여, 환영과 시지각의 관계를 살펴보면 대부분 유리가 갖는 본질적 특성임을 알 수 있다. 그리고 사람들은 유리의 그 특성에 따라 환영을 체험하며 시각적으로 사람들의 지각과 인지에 영향을 줄 수 있는 중요한 디자인 요소가 된다. 본 연구는 유리의 환영적 특성과 시지각적 효과에 대해 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 유리소재로 적용한 공간의 환영적 표현 특성을 연구하는데 그 목적이 있다. (연구범위 및 방법) 본 논문은 먼저 이론적 고찰을 통해 유리의 역사와 물질적, 건축적 특성과 환영에 대하여 두 관계영역을 연구 하였으며, 선행연구를 바탕으로 환영의 개념과 유형을 분석하여, 유리 소재를 적용한 환영적 공간의 특성을 분석하기 위한 틀을 도출하였다. 이를 토대로 유리 소재에 관한 선행연구 중 연구내용에 자주 등장한 사례와 환영적 특성을 표현하는 대상을 선별하여 분석 대상으로 정하였다. 그리고 유리를 사용한 모더니즘 실험 이후 재방향 설정시기인 1990년대 이후의 대표적 유리 건축물과 공간을 사례로 선정하여 환영적 공간 특성에 대해 분석하여 그 결과와 결론을 도출하였다. (결과) 유리 소재를 적용한 환영적 공간 특성에 관한 사례분석을 통해 형태적 왜곡성과 모호성, 공간적 확장성, 그리고 표현적인 재현성 등의 공간 특성을 파악 할 수 있었다. (결론) 본 연구는 환영의 특성을 이해함으로써 유리 소재를 적용한 공간이 형태적, 공감각적 표현에 영향을 준다는 것을 파악하였다. 이러한 특성을 공간에 적용하였을 때 왜곡감, 모호감, 확장감, 재현의 표현을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. 이로써 환영적 특성을 가진 유리소재를 활용한 공간의 다양한 방향성을 제시할 수 있으며, 공간 고유의 특징이나 표현의도들을 통해 흥미로운 공간으로의 가능성을 열 수 있다. 환영을 통한 시지각적 형태의 변형과 모호, 공간적 확장, 그리고 표현적 재현에 자극을 주는 공간을 기대할 수 있을 것이다. (Background and Purpose) Modern people are living in the real and illusionary world at the same time; thus, it is becoming difficult to distinguish "real" from "fake." The reality that we are living in is also illusionary. Glass material is an important source of manifesting illusion, and glass creates illusionary images in the form of window or building fa?ades. Glass embodies illusionary expressions after interacting with light. In the current era in which reality and virtual space overlap, there is a growing need for the reinterpretation of physical space by studying the illusion of space with glass materials. Glass is a material that is used not only for items used daily, including furniture, but also for buildings. In spatial design, the relationship between illusion and visual perception shows natural characteristics that most glass materials have. Moreover, illusions are possible because of the traits of glass- an important design element that visually influences people``s perceptions and recognition. This study analyzes the characteristics of illusion attributed to glass and its effects on visual perception. Thus, the purpose of this study is to research characteristics of the illusion of space with glass materials. (Research scope and method) In this study, two related domains-the history of glass and its physical and architectural characteristics, as well as illusion according to a theoretical study-were examined. An analysis regarding the concept and type of illusion based on previous research resulted in the creation of a framework for analyzing the characteristics of illusion in a space with glass material. Based on this analysis, commonly used cases and objects that illustrate the illusional traits in objects were selected for analysis. Additionally, symbolic glass buildings and spaces of the post-1990s were designated for a case study analysis regarding characteristics of the illusion of space. The 1990s were considered as a reorienting period after the modernism experiment with glass. (Results) After analysis, results about the characteristics of the illusion of space using glass material confirmed actual characteristics of space, such as morphological distortion, ambiguity, spatial expansion, and expressive reproducibility. (Conclusion) This study found that spaces with glass material affect expressions of morphology and synesthesia because of the characteristics of illusion. Applying these characteristics increases the possible expression of distortion, ambiguity, expansion, and reproducibility. This shows that spaces with glass materials that have characteristics of illusion can provide direction. Further, the nature of space or expressed intention opens up new possibilities for illusion formats, thanks to glass. It is likely that spaces that stimulate morphology, ambiguity, spatial expansion, and reproducibility can be created through illusion.

Fast Pedestrian Detection with Adaboost Algorithm Using GPU

Chong Chao Cai,Jue Gao,Bian Minjie,Peicheng Zhang,Honghao Gao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.6

Pedestrian detection is one of the hot research problems in computer vision field. The Cascade AdaBoost System is a commonly used algorithm in this region. However, when the training datasets become larger, it is still a time consuming process to build one Adaboost classifier. In this paper we detail an implementation of the AdaBoost algorithm using the NVIDIA CUDA framework based on the haar features as feature vectors, and downscaling with integral image. The result shows that we can get nearly 6x from the standard code to with our CPU implementation to achieve a near real-time performance and ensure better classification results in misjudgment.

한,중 한자어 비교사전 구축을 위한 실제 사례 연구

고초 ( Chao Gao ),한정한 ( Jeong Han Han ) 민족어문학회 2016 어문논집 Vol.- No.76

본고의 목적은 중국인 한국어 학습자를 위한 한·중 한자어 비교사전 기술 방법을 제안하는 것이다. 이는 한국어를 배우는 학습자가 한국 한자어와 중국 한자어의 용 법 차이를 정확히 알고 사용함으로써 오류를 최소화시키려는 데 목적이 있다. 한·중 한자어 사전은 한국 한자어와 현대 중국어의 사전 뜻풀이, 용례, 어원정 보, 한자어의 결합정보, 한·중 한자어 문법 단위로서의 대응관계, 한자어가 포함된 어휘묶음(lexical bundle)을 중심으로 중국인 한국어 학습자를 위한 한·중 한자어 비교사전 기술 방법을 제안해 보고자 했다. 기존의 한자어 분류 체계에 관련된 연 구를 분석하여 한·중 한자어의 대응 관계는 8가지로 나누고 그 다음에 기존 사전 과 관련 연구가 아직 해결하지 못하는 몇 가지 과제를 제시한 후 한·중 한자어 비 교사전 실제 사례를 통해서 한·중 한자어간의 다양한 대응관계별로 비교사전 기 술 방법을 제안해 봤다(4장``한·중 한자어 비교사전 실제 사례``). 본고에서 다루는 한·중 한자어 비교사전은 학습사전이고 이중어 사전이다. 한 국어 한자어에 중국어 단어나 대역어를 밝히고 용례들을 제시하며 추가 정보에서 는 한국에서만 쓰이는 한자어의 의미 연원정보까지 보여 줄 것이다(3장``한·중 한자어 비교사전의 거시/미시 구조에 대하여``). 그리고 한·중 한자어 문법 단위로서 의 대응관계, 한자어가 포함된 어휘묶음 정보(5장``한·중 한자어 문법 단위로서의 비교``)도 제공하고 중국어와 한국어 한자어의 동일의미와 차별의미를 일목요연하게 정리하고자 하였다. The purpose of this thesis is to exam the variety and different ways of correspondence relations between Sino-Korean and Chinese, considering mono-, and bi-lingual dictionaries of two countries; and, based on it, to propose a better way of Sino-Korean and Chinese comparison dictionary for Chinese learners studying Korean. To do so, this thesis, at first, propose 8 types of correspondence relations between Sino-Korean and Chinese, after going over previous studies worked on semantic classifications of Sino-Korean. Based on it, at second, we propose micro- and macro-structures of actual headword examples of Sino-Korean and Chinese. While doing so, we pay special attention to the variety of semantic corresponding relations especially in homonym and heteronym. There are many Sino-Korean words in Korean vocabulary. In addition, the use of Sino-Korean words is increasing because of continuous exchange between and Korea and China since the establishment of diplomatic relations. Sino-Korean words and Chinese characters have as common points and as differences since Korea started to use loan words from Chines due to the historic change and development of two languages. Moreover, ever since two countries developed their own ways of using characters for more than 1500 years, there have been appeared not little of different usages between Sino-Korean and Chinese; as a result, nowadays mary Chinese learners studying Korean could not understand Sino-Korean by its external forms by large.

An Archived Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows

Yang Gao,Chao Wang,Chao Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.12

The vehicle routing problem with time window (VRPTW) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem, which is to find the lowest-cost routes from a central depot to a set of geographically scattered points with various demands. This paper deals with a multi-objective variant of the VRPTW that simultaneously minimizes the number of the vehicles and the traveled distance. A metaheuristic based on simulated annealing was proposed, and the concept of archive was introduced, in order to provide a set of tradeoff solutions for the problem. The accuracy of solutions is defined as their proximity to the best known solution of Solomon’s benchmarking tests. Computational results demonstrate that the proposed approach is quite effective, as it provides solutions competitive with the best known in the literature.

Modification of a Smoking Motivation Questionnaire for Chinese Medical Students

Jiang, Chao,Sun, Wen-Jie,Wan, Yan-Chun,Wei, Ming-Wei,Mu, Yong-Ping,Tarver, Siobhan L.,Gao, Yong-Qing,Hu, Tian,Xu, Chao,Gordon, James,Feng, Cindy Xin,Wen, Yu-Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Introduction: Smoking prevalence among the medical students is high in China. Therefore, understanding the smoking motivations of medical students is crucial for smoking control, but currently there are no scales questionnaires customized for probing the smoking motivations of medical students. This aim of study was to test and modify a questionnaire for investigating smoking motivations among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,125 medical students at Xuzhou Medical College in China in 2012.The model fit and validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the reliability was tested by single-item reliability, composite reliability, and item-total correlation. Results: The prevalence of smoking was 9.84 % among study population. In the modified scales, the global fit indices identified a CFI value of 0.96, TLI was 0.96, and the RMSEA was 0.063. CFA supported the two dimensional structure of the instrument. The average variance extracted ranged from 0.45 to 0.62. All single-item reliability scores were greater than 0.20, and the composite reliability ranged from 0.74 to 0.91. Conclusion: Modified scales could be the preliminary instrument used in evaluating the smoking motivations of medical students. However, it should be further assessed using other forms and methods of validity and reliability, additional motivations of smoking, and the survey of other medical colleges in China.

Design of Direct-Current Fuzzy Controller for Mitigating Commutation Failure in HVDC System

Gao, Benfeng,Yuan, Kewei,Dong, Peiyi,Luo, Chao,Zhao, Shuqiang The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.4

Commutation failures can deteriorate the availability of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links and may lead to outage of the HVDC system. Most commutation failures are caused by voltage reduction due to ac system faults on inverter side. The commutation failure process can be divided into two stages. The first stage, from the occurrence to the clearing of faults, is called 'Deterioration Stage'. The second stage, from the faults clearing to restoring the power system stability, is called 'Recovery Stage'. Based on the analysis of the commutation failure process, this paper proposes a direct-current fuzzy controller including prevention and recovery controller. The prevention controller reduces the direct current to prevent Commutation failures in the 'Deterioration Stage' according to the variation of ac voltage. The recovery controller magnifies the direct current to speed up the recovery of power system in the 'Recovery Stage', based on the recovery of direct voltage. The validity of this proposed fuzzy controller is further proved by simulation with CIGRE HVDC benchmark model in PSCAD/EMTDC. The results show the commutation failures can be mitigated by the proposed direct-current fuzzy controller.

Biotransformation, a Promising Technology for Anti-cancer Drug Development

Gao, Fei,Zhang, Jin-Ming,Wang, Zhan-Guo,Peng, Wei,Hu, Hui-Ling,Fu, Chao-Mei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

With the high morbidity and mortality caused by cancer, finding new and more effective anti-cancer drugs is very urgent. In current research, biotransformation plays a vital role in the research and development of cancer drugs and has obtained some achievements. In this review, we have summarized four applications as follows: to exploit novel anti-cancer drugs, to improve existing anti-cancer drugs, to broaden limited anti-cancer drug resources and to investigate correlative mechanisms. Three different groups of important anti-cancer compounds were assessed to clarify the current practical applications of biotransformation in the development of anti-cancer drugs.

The upregulation of keratocan promotes the progression of human pancreatic cancer

Gao Huijie,Qian Ruikun,Ren Qiang,Zhang Litao,Qin Wei,Zhou Caiju,Wang Huiyun,Liu Chao,Zhang Yuntao 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2024 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.20 No.2

Background The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in oncogenic contexts has been studied previously, but the expression patterns and functional role of keratocan, a classical small leucine-rich proteoglycan found in the ECM, in tumors remain poorly understood. As pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by desmoplasia in the ECM, this study sought to assess the significance of keratocan in PC. Objective In this study, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was first used to analyze the expression pattern of keratocan in PC. Keratocan, P53, and P21 levels were evaluated in PDAC patient tissues and the role of keratocan was additionally directly assessed via transfecting PDAC cell lines with a pENTER-human keratocan construct. Results Patients with PC showing high levels of keratocan had low survival rates. A significantly upregulated expression of keratocan was observed in the PC tumor tissues in comparison to healthy paracancerous tissues. Keratocan upregulation in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells markedly enhanced their proliferation and migration, but reduced cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, the P53 and P21 expression levels were significantly reduced in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells overexpressing keratocan. P53 and P21 were downregulated in PC tumor tissues. Conclusions All results showed that keratocan played important roles in the promoting of PC. Background The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in oncogenic contexts has been studied previously, but the expression patterns and functional role of keratocan, a classical small leucine-rich proteoglycan found in the ECM, in tumors remain poorly understood. As pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by desmoplasia in the ECM, this study sought to assess the significance of keratocan in PC. Objective In this study, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was first used to analyze the expression pattern of keratocan in PC. Keratocan, P53, and P21 levels were evaluated in PDAC patient tissues and the role of keratocan was additionally directly assessed via transfecting PDAC cell lines with a pENTER-human keratocan construct. Results Patients with PC showing high levels of keratocan had low survival rates. A significantly upregulated expression of keratocan was observed in the PC tumor tissues in comparison to healthy paracancerous tissues. Keratocan upregulation in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells markedly enhanced their proliferation and migration, but reduced cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, the P53 and P21 expression levels were significantly reduced in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells overexpressing keratocan. P53 and P21 were downregulated in PC tumor tissues. Conclusions All results showed that keratocan played important roles in the promoting of PC.