Association of MDR1 Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Chinese Population

Ren, Yong-Qiang,Han, Ju-Qiang,Cao, Jian-Biao,Li, Shao-Xiang,Fan, Gong-Ren Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of MDR1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A total of 689 HCC patients and 680 cancer-free subjects were enrolled. Human MDR1 gene polymorphisms were investigated by created restriction site-polymerase chain reaction (CRS-PCR) and DNA sequencing methods. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to estimate the association between MDR1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to HCC. Results: We detected a novel c.4125A>C polymorphism and our findings suggested that this variant was significantly associated with susceptibility to HCC. A significantly increased susceptibility to HCC was noted in the homozygote comparison (CC versus AA: OR=1.621, 95% CI 1.143-2.300, ${\chi}^2$=7.4095, P=0.0065), recessive model (CC versus AC+AA: OR=1.625, 95% CI 1.167-2.264, ${\chi}^2$=8.3544, P=0.0039) and allele contrast (C versus A: OR=1.185, 95% CI 1.011-1.389, ${\chi}^2$=4.4046, P=0.0358). However, no significant increase was observed in the heterozygote comparison (AC versus AA: OR=0.995, 95% CI 0.794-1.248, ${\chi}^2$=0.0017, P=0.9672) and dominant model (CC+AC versus AA: OR=1.106, 95% CI 0.894-1.369, ${\chi}^2$=0.8560, P=0.3549). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the c.4125A>C polymorphism of the MDR1 gene might contribute to susceptibility to HCC in the Chinese population. Further work will be necessary to clarify the relationship between the c.4125A>C polymorphism and susceptibility to HCC on larger populations of diverse ethnicity.

Model analysis, simplified control and sensitivity verification of modular multilevel DC-DC converter with parallel branches

Ren, Qiang,Xiao, Fei,Ai, Sheng The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2020 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.20 No.2

In view of the modular multilevel topology with its uses in medium-voltage DC vessel integrated power systems, this paper deals with typical modular multilevel DC-DC converter (MMDC) topologies and AC control methods. In terms of DC control, a brief introduction is first made about a MMDC topology with parallel branches and its static characteristics. Then, an analysis is focused on the modeling of the MMDC and its model simplification. An optimal control strategy is proposed for the simplified model. Finally, the sensitivity of this system to model and parameter uncertainties is verified both theoretically and experimentally. The obtained results show that the proposed MMDC consisting of a heterogeneous full-bridge submodule and a parallel-branch structure can make the submodule voltage self-balancing and the range of output voltage wide. The use of an optimal control strategy based on a simplified model can lead the system to achieve good static and dynamic performance and robustness.

Reforming International Investment Law in a Transitional China: The Post-FPS of the 18th Party Central Committee

Qiang Ren 이준국제법연구원 2016 China and WTO Review Vol.2 No.1

Stereoselective Bioreduction of Ethyl 3-Oxo-3-(2-Thienyl) Propanoate Using the Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase ChKRED12

( Zhi-qiang Ren ),( Yan Liu ),( Xiao-qiong Pei ),( Zhong-liu Wu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.11

Ethyl (S)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl) propanoate ((S)-HEES) acts as a key chiral intermediate for the blockbuster antidepressant drug duloxetine, which can be achieved via the stereoselective bioreduction of ethyl 3-oxo-3-(2-thienyl) propanoate (KEES) that contains a 3-oxoacyl structure. The sequences of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases from Chryseobacterium sp. CA49 were analyzed, and the putative 3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase, ChKRED12, was able to stereoselectively catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction to produce (S)-HEES. The reductase activity of ChKRED12 towards other substrates with 3- oxoacyl structure were confirmed with excellent stereoselectivity (>99% enantiomeric excess) in most cases. When coupled with a cofactor recycling system using glucose dehydrogenase, the ChKRED12 was able to catalyze the complete conversion of 100 g/l KEES within 12 h, yielding the enantiopure product with >99% ee, showing a remarkable potential to produce (S)-HEES.

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection Induces Autophagy in MDBK Cells

Qiang Fu,Huijun Shi,Yan Ren,Fei Guo,Wei Ni,Jun Qiao,Pengyan Wang,Hui Zhang,Chuangfu Chen 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.7

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the genus Pestivirus (Flaviviridae). The signaling pathways and levels of signaling molecules are altered in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells infected with BVDV. Autophagy is a conservative biological degradation pathway that mainly eliminates and degrades damaged or superfluous organelles and macromolecular complexes for intracellular recycling in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy can also be induced as an effective response to maintain cellular homeostasis in response to different stresses, such as nutrient or growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species exposure and pathogen infection. However, the effects of BVDV infection on autophagy inMDBK cells remain unclear. Therefore, we performed an analysis of autophagic activity after BVDV NADL infection using real-time PCR, electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and Western blotting analysis. The results demonstrated that BVDV NADL infection increased autophagic activity and significantly elevated the expression levels of the autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and ATG14 inMDBK cells. However, the knockdown of Beclin1 and ATG14 by RNA interference (RNAi) did not affect BVDV NADL infection-related autophagic activity. These findings provided a novel perspective to elaborate the effects of viral infection on the host cells.

Cross-Shaped Magnetic Coupling Structure for Electric Vehicle IPT Charging Systems

Ren, Siyuan,Xia, Chenyang,Liu, Limin,Wu, Xiaojie,Yu, Qiang The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.4

Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology allows for charging of electric vehicles with security, convenience and efficiency. However, the IPT system performance is mainly affected by the magnetic coupling structure which is largely determined by the coupling coefficient. In order to get this applied to electric vehicle charging systems, the power pads should be able to transmit stronger power and be able to better sustain various forms of deviations in terms of vertical, horizontal direction and center rotation. Thus, a novel cross-shaped magnetic coupling structure for IPT charging systems is proposed. Then an optimal cross-shaped magnetic coupling structure by 3-D finite-element analysis software is obtained. At marking locations with average parking capacity and no electronic device support, a prototype of a 720*720mm cross-shaped pad is made to transmit 5kW power at a 200mm air gap, providing a $1.54m^2$ full-power free charging zone. Finally, the leakage magnetic flux density is measured. It indicates that the proposed cross-shaped pad can meet the requirements of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) according to the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA).

A review of the current in-situ fouling control strategies in MBR: Biological versus physicochemical

Qiang Liu,Jiayao Ren,Yongsheng Lu,Xiaolei Zhang,Felicity A. Roddick,Linhua Fan,Yufei Wang,Huarong Yu,Ping Yao 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.98 No.-

Fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBR) is a bottleneck problem limiting their application. In-situfouling control strategies have been continuously developed for decades, and can be mainlycategorized as biological and physicochemical approaches. However, the mechanisms and performanceof these methods as well as their application prospects have not been thoroughly discussed andcompared in a systematic manner. This study was aimed at providing a detailed review on the variousin-situ biological and physicochemical methods in terms of fouling control performance, foulingreduction mechanisms and practicability. This involves a comparison of the popular biological controlstrategies including quorum quenching (QQ)) and physicochemical approaches such as NaClObackflushing, hybrid electrochemical MBR and anti-biofouling membrane development, with theanalysis of their potential, existing issues and practicality in full-scale applications. Future work is alsorecommended for developing more sustainable and more widely applicable MBR fouling controlstrategies.

Activation of formyl CH and hydroxyl OH bonds in HMF by the CuO(1 1 1) and Co₃O₄(1 1 0) surfaces: A DFT study

Ren, Jun,Song, Kai-he,Li, Zhenhuan,Wang, Qiang,Li, Jun,Wang, Yingxiong,Li, Debao,Kim, Chan Kyung Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.456 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The first principle calculations with on-site Coulomb repulsion U terms were carried out to investigate the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) adsorption on the CuO(1 1 1) and Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(1 1 0) surfaces, two widely used oxidation catalysts. The adsorption of HMF molecule is energetically favoured in both cases, and HMF is more inclined to bridge adsorption via hydroxyl and formyl groups binding with surface O and metal sites. Moreover, the adsorption energy relies on both the coordination type of surface lattice oxygen to which the H atom binds and the formation of H-bond involving hydroxyl and formyl groups on the adsorbed HMF. Also, the hydroxyl OH bond breaking is very easy and is likely to be the first step in HMF oxidation, and then the OH insertion reaction to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The corresponding experimental results also show that the CuO and Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> surfaces are promising candidate catalysts.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CuO(1 1 1) and Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(1 1 0) surfaces catalyze the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). </LI> <LI> Initial binding was formed through bridged-adsorption with O atoms in HMF. </LI> <LI> Oxidation reaction proceeds through the OH bond breaking pathway. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Schematic potential energy diagram for the formyl CH and hydroxyl OH bonds of HMF dissociation on CuO(1 1 1) and Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(1 1 0) surfaces. Obviously, the hydroxyl OH bond breaking is easier than that of the formyl CH bond on the two surfaces, which indicates the first step of oxidation of HMF to FDCA should be hydroxyl OH bond breaking.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

An OpenFlow User-Switch Remapping Approach for DDoS Defense

( Qiang Wei ),( Zehui Wu ),( Kalei Ren ),( Qingxian Wang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.9

DDoS attacks have had a devastating effect on the Internet, which can cause millions of dollars of damage within hours or even minutes. In this paper we propose a practical dynamic defense approach that overcomes the shortage of static defense mechanisms. Our approach employs a group of SDN-based proxy switches to relay data flow between users and servers. By substituting backup proxy switches for attacked ones and reassigning suspect users onto the new proxy switches, innocent users are isolated and saved from malicious attackers through a sequence of remapping process. In order to improve the speed of attacker segregation, we have designed and implemented an efficient greedy algorithm which has been demonstrated to have little influence on legitimate traffic. Simulations, which were then performed with the open source controller Ryu, show that our approach is effective in alleviating DDoS attacks and quarantining the attackers by numerable remapping process. The simulations also demonstrate that our dynamic defense imposes little effect on legitimate users, and the overhead introduced by remapping procedure is acceptable.

MicroRNA-130a Increases and Predicts Cardiotoxicity during Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2-Positive Breast Cancer

Qiang Feng,Yanbin Ren,Aijun Hou,Jing Guo,Zhezhe Mao,Shaojun Liu,Boya Wang,Zhichao Bai,Xiaoying Hou 한국유방암학회 2021 Journal of breast cancer Vol.24 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the changes in microRNA-130a (miR-130a) and its correlation with cardiotoxicity during epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel plus trastuzumab (EC-D+T) adjuvant chemotherapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive (HER2+ ) breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 72 HER2+ breast cancer patients who underwent resection and were scheduled to receive EC-D+T adjuvant therapy were consecutively enrolled. The expression of miR-130a and cardiotoxicity (defined as any of the following situations: 1) absolute decline of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 10% and LVEF < 53%; 2) heart failure; 3) acute coronary artery syndromes; and 4) fatal arrhythmia) were assessed every 3 months throughout the 15-month EC-D+T treatment. Results: The accumulating cardiotoxicity rate was 12 (16.7%), of which the incidence of heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, life-threatening arrhythmias, ΔLVEF ≥ 10%, and LVEF < 53% was 0 (0.0%), 1 (1.4%), 0 (0.0%), and 12 (16.7%), respectively. Baseline miR-130a expression was negatively correlated with LVEF (%) and positively correlated with cardiac troponin I. The expression of miR-130a gradually increased in both cardiotoxicity and noncardiotoxicity patients during EC-D+T treatment, while the increment of miR-130a was more obvious in cardiotoxicity patients compared with non-cardiotoxicity patients. Further logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that miR-130a was an independent predictive factor for increased cardiotoxicity risk. Conclusion: MiR-130a increases constantly and predicts high cardiotoxicity risk during ECD+T adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2+ breast cancer patients.