Original Article : Geographic difference of epidemiological features of HCV infection in Korea

( Kyung Ah Kim ),( Sook Hyang Jeong ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Young Seok Kim3 ),( Youn Jae Lee ),( Eun Uk Jung ),( In Hee Kim ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Mee Kyung Kee ),( Chun Kang ) 대한간학회 2014 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.20 No.4

Background/Aims: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea exhibits significant geographic variation, with it being higher in Busan and Jeonam than in other areas. The reason for this intranational geographic difference was investigated in this study by conducting a comparative analysis of the risk factors related to HCV infection among three geographic areas: the capital (Seoul), Busan, and the province of Jeolla. Methods: In total, 990 patients with chronic HCV infection were prospectively enrolled at 5 university hospitals located in Seoul (n=374), Busan (n=264), and Jeolla (n=352). A standardized questionnaire survey on the risk factors for HCV infection was administered to these three groups of patients, and a comparative analysis of the findings was performed. Results: The analysis revealed significant regional differences in exposure to the risk factors of HCV infection. By comparison with patients in Seoul as a control group in the multivariate analysis, patients in Busan had significantly more experience of invasive medical procedures, acupuncture, cosmetic procedures, and multiple sex partners. In contrast, patients in Jeolla were significantly older, and they had a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, a lower prevalence of multiple sex partners, and had experienced fewer invasive procedures. Conclusions: There was a significant geographic difference in the exposure to potential risk factors of HCV infection between patients from the three studied regions. This may explain the regional variation of the prevalence of HCV infection in Korea, and should be taken into account when planning strategies for the prevention and management of HCV infection. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20:361-367)

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

톨루엔 노출 근로자에서 요중마뇨산 배설농도로 평가한 호흡보호구 착용효과에 관한 연구

김범석,박정일,임현우,김형아,오상용 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

목적 : 보호구 착용 효과에 대한 실제적, 구체적자료를 제시함으로서 예방목적의 보호구 사용에 대한 근로자들의 인식을 제고시키기 위함이다. 방법 : 서울시내에 소재한 일부 그라비아 인쇄소에서 톨루엔이 함유된 잉크 및 희석제를 취급하는근로자 26명을 대상으로 본 연구를 수행하였다. 유기가스용 방독마스크 미착용 상태와 유기가스용 방독마스크 착용후 작업환경 중 톨루엔 개인노출농도와 요중 마뇨산 시간별 농도를 측정, 비교하였다. 결과 : 그라비아 인쇄소의 공기중 톨루엔 개인노출농도는 유기가스용 방독마스크 미착용일과 착용일에서 각각 147.52+57.34 ppm 및 134.55+52.44ppm으로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 방독마스크 미착용일파 착몽일의 작업종료 후 요중 마뇨산 농도의 기하평균값은 각각 1.5) 10.33:1 g/L 및0.49(0.14) 하였으며 두 일간에 유의한 차이를 보였단. 방독마스크 미착용일에서 요중 마뇨산 농도는 근무시작 4시간 후(오후 작업시작전, 13:00)부터 유의하게 증가하기 시작하였으며, 착용일에서는 근무종료시까지 유의한 증가를 보이지 않았다. 유기가스용 방독마스크 착용 효과를 톨루엔 대사산물인 요중마뇨산 농도로 평가하면 착용시 농도가 미착용시에비하여 89.3% 감소하였다. 보호구 미착용일에 있어서 공기중 톨루엔 개인노출농도와 요중 마뇨산 농도는 유의한 상관성을 나타났으며 회귀방정식은 Y(요중 마뇨산, g/L) =0. OO7x (공기중 톨루엔, ppm)+0.665로 계산되었다. 결론 : Fit Test등 올바른 보호구 착용 교육을 통한 전 작업시간에 걸친 유기가스용 방독마스크 보호구 착용은 직업적인 톨루엔 노출의 호흡기 흡수를거의 대부분 차단하였다. Objectives : This study was carried out in order to raise workers' recognition of the effects of respirator use by providing concrete and practical data. Methods : Twenty-six workers who dealt with toluene based ink and diluents at a gravure printing office in Seoul were investigated. The toluene exposure level and urinary hippuric acid level were monitored under respirator non-wearing (RNW) and under respiratory wearing (RW) conditions. Results : The mean concentrations of toluene exposed to each worker through the air of gravure printing office were 147.52±57.34 and 134.55±52.44 ppm on respirator non-wearing day and respirator wearing day, respectively. There was no significant difference in toluene exposure concentration for the two days. The mean concentration of urinary hippuric acid in RNW and RW groups were 1.51 (0.53) g/L and 0.49 (0.14) g/L, respectively, as measured at the end of the workday. There was a significant difference seen in urinary hippuric acid concentration between the two days. The urinary hippuric acid concentration began to increase at 4 hours after the start of the workday (13:00) in RNW. However, there was no significant increase until the end of the workday in the case of RW. The urinary hippuric acid concentration in RW reduced 89.3% as compared with the concentration seen in RNW. There was a significant correlation between the toluene concentration and the urinary hippuric acid concentration in RNW. The regression equation was Y (urinary hippuric acid concentration, g/L) = 0.007 ×χ(toluene concentration in the air, ppm) + 0.665. Conclusions : Our results indicate that the respirator intercepted most toluene that may have been absorbed Into the respiratory organs, and suggested that properly wearing a respiratory such as wearing the respirator during the entire workday and performing a proper fit test played an important role in the protection from toluene exposure

umu-test에 의한 2-bromopropane의 遺傳毒性 調査

金永煥,池用熙,邊子眞,金範錫,柳寅晟 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 1996 保健科學論集 Vol.22 No.1

Genotoxicity/mutagenicity of 2-bromopropane and toluene, benzene, trichloroethylene was investigated using umu-test with a Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 strain. The tester strain was derived by introducing plasmid pSK 1002, which carried a umu C-lac Z fussion gene into S.typhimurium TA1535, and tester strain in the presence of microsomal activation proved to be the more sensitive maker of genotoxcicity. Among the chemicals examined 4 compound induced umu gene expression, which could be defined on a basis of increased β-galactosidase activity in all 2- fold over the background level. But β-galactosidase activity appearance in all experiment chemical was not so high in compared with that background level.

잠재적 간성혼수 환자의 인지기능과 양성자 자기공명분광 소견과의 상관관계

김성윤,정범석,서동완,이정희,이 철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.6

연구목적 : 잠재성 간성혼수 환자들의 신경인지기능 장애 정도와 기저 핵이나 두정엽 백질부에서의 자기공명분광 (proton MRS)으로 측정한 양성자 함유 화합물의 변화와의 상관관계를 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 한국판 웩슬러 지능 검사(KWIS) 중 토막짜기나 기호 바꾸기, 그리고 번호잇기 검사를 적용하여 잠재성 간성혼수로 정의된 18명의 간경변 환자를 대상군으로 하고 20명의 정상인을 대조군으로 하였다. 복합주의력과 시각 정보 분석능력 측정을 위해 Vienna 전산화 신경인지기능 검사 중, Cognitrone 검사. 미세 협응 운동능력을 위해 Grooved pegboard 검사를 적용하였단 1.5 Tesla 임상용 자기공명 촬영기를 이용해 자기공련명 분광을 얻었으며 두정엽 백질부와 기저핵의 각각 2×2×2cm3 vocel에서의 myoinositol(ml), N-acetyl-L-aspartate(NAA). creative(Cr), choline(Cho) 등의 농도를 측정하고 Cr 농도에 대한 상대적 농도비율을 구하여 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 잠재성 간성혼수 환자들의 기저핵과 두정엽 백질부에서 Cho/cr 및 ml/Cr 비가 감소하였다. 2) 미세 협응 운동능력을 반영하는 Grooved pegboard 검사의 수행능력이 기저핵의 ml 및 두정엽 백질부의 Cho농도와 유의미한 역상관관계를 보였다(r= -0.59. p<.05). 3) Cognitrone 검사 중 정반응하는데 걸리는 평균시간은 두정엽 백질부의 NAA와 역 상관관계를 보였다(r= -0.55, p<.05) . 결론 : 잠재성 간성혼수 환자들의 특정 신경인지기능의 장애는 양성자 자기공명분광법으로 측정한 기저핵 및 두정엽 백질부의 신경화학적 변화와 상관관계를 보인다. 하지만 이러한 신경화학적 변화가 잠재성 간성 혼수의 근본적 병리 생리인지 2차적 변화인지를 규명하기 위해서는 질병의 경과에 따른 신경인지기능 및 양성자 자기공명분광 소견의 추적연구가 필요하며 비슷한 인지기능의 장애를 보이는 다른 신경퇴행성 질환과의 비교 연구가 필요하다. 0bjectives To investigate the relationship of neurochemical changes of brain in SCHE patients and the level of cognitive function, the authors measured hydrogen containing neurochemicals in two brain regions using 1H MRS, and compared those changes with the level of cognitive performances such as attention, visual analysis, or fine motor function. Methods ; A total of patients with liver cirrohosis were defined as SCHE, for they performed poorly(out of 1 SD of normative data) in more than one neuropsychological tests conventionally used(digit symbol and block design tests in KWIS, trail making test A and B). They were further evaluated in attentional ability and efficacy of visual analysis using Cognitrone subtest in Vienna Neurocognitive Test battery. Fine motor coordination were also measured by Grooved Pegboard test. Patients and 20 nodal controls underwent proton MRS study. Proton containg neurochemirals , such as myoinositol(mI) , N-acetrl-L-aspartate(NAA) , creating (Cr) , choline(Cho) were measured from 2*2*2cm3 voxel of basal ganglia and parietal white matter using 1.5 tesla dinical MRI/MRS system. The ratios of above metabolites to Cr were analyzed. Results : 1) Patients with SCHE showed reductions in Cho/Cr and ml/Cr in both basal ganglia and parietal white matter compared to normal subjects. 2) Performance of Grooved Pegboard test were negatively correlated with ml level of basal gang1ia and with Cho level of parietal white matter(r= -0.59, p<.05). 3) Mean time of correct responses in Cognitrone test skewed negative correlation with NAA level of parietal white matter(r= -0.55, p<.05). Conclusion : Certain neurocognitive disturbances in SCHE patients seemed to be related with neurochemical changes in basal ganglia or parietal white matter. To further elucidate the relationship of focal biochemical changes and neurocognitive deficits in SCHE patients, however, fo11ow-up study according to the illness stage must be performed. Studies on other disorders showing similar cognitive deficit patterns would be helpful.

IAEA HTR-10 Benchmark Problem-I에 대한 RELAP5 평가계산

김형석,정범진 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2004 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.1

An IAEA Benchmark problem for HTR-10 was assessed in order to evaluate the capability of RELAP5 code, which is a system thermal-hydraulic safety analysis code for water reactors. Assessment results were compared with the results of THERMIX code, a thermal-hydraulic analysis code for HTGR (High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor). The calculated results showed good agreement with those obtained by the THERMIX code with a maximum deviation of around 4.5%. This deviation was estimated to originate from the simplification of complicated geometry and from the modeling capability of heat transfer characteristics in the HTGR components such as the water cooler and the air cooler. Especially, it was found that the radiation heat transfer in the reactor cavity played an important role in the after heat removal by the RCCS. Thus, it is concluded that it is necessary to evaluate and improve relevant models both for the convection and radiation heat transfer in order to enhance the code analysis capability to the HTGR.

Horizontal Variation of Primary Productivity and Enviromental Factors in the Lake Soyang

김범철,조규송,안태석 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

소양호 일차생산력의 계절적 변화와 수평적 변이를 존사하기 위하여 Chlorophylla의 농도를 측정하고 Bannister의 model에 의해 일차생산력을 추산하였다. Bannister는 Smith의 P vs, I 관계식인 P=P_(max)I/(I_(k)^(2) + I^(2)^(1/2)을 변형하여 P=12Q_(max)K_(c)CI/ I^(2)^(1/2)과 같은 P vs. Chl. a의 관계식을 만들었다. 이 Model에 의해 추산된 소양호의 일차생산력을 보면 하류의 댐앞에서 연중 200∼2000mgC/㎡/day로서 봄에 가장 높고 여름과 겨울에 낮게 나타나는 계절적 변이를 보인다. 연간 생산량은 하류에서 약 250gC/㎡/yr로서 mestotrophic lake 수준인 것으로 판정된다. 상류에서 하류에 이르기까지 10여개의 정점에서 조사된 결과를 보면 수역에 따라 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 대체로 봄과 가을에 하천의 유입부 근처에서 높은 값을 보이며 10,000mgC/㎡/day이상에 이르기도 한다. 이는 이곳에 우점 식물플랑크톤인 Peridinium이 밀집하는 현상때문이다.

흉부자상에 의한 심실중격결손 및 승모판 부전증 치험 1예

김범식,조순걸,곽영태,조규석,박주철,유세영 慶熙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

A 34-year-old man was stabbed with knife in the left fourth intercostal space. He was admitted to Kyung Hee University Hospital Emergency room with Cardiac tamponade state. Through a left anterior thoracotomy, a tense hemopercardium was released. A 2㎝ wound of right ventricle was sutured with 3-0 prolein. Seven month after the injury he was readmitted for cardiac catheterization. Cardiac catheterization confirmed the presence of an interventricular septal defect in the membranous septum with left ventricle to right ventricle shunt. A laceration of the septal leflet of mitral valve was also demonstrated. The pulmonary blood flow as 1.22 times the systemic flow. A longitudinal incision was made on the right atrium on the cardiopulmonary bypass. An 1×0.5㎝ interventricular septal defect was found in the membranous septum. In order to achieve and adequate repair interventricular spetal defect and mitral insufficency. The ventricular septal defect was repaired 3-0 prolein plegeted suture with interrupted. Artifical atrial septal defect was made and the septal leflet defect(1.5㎝) was reattached with 3-0 prolein plegeted suture interrupted. The partient had and uneventful post operative recovery and was discharged the Hospital on the 24day post operative day.

여성요도구협착의 수술적 교정

오범석,김도완,오철규,노안식,박석산 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Objective: We describe various clinical presentations of female urethral meatal stricture, which may mimic other pelvic floor disorders and result in diagnostic delay. Diagnosis, management, and outcome results are reported Materials and Methods: We reviewed retrospectively 26 consecutive cases of female urethral meatal stricture. Patient characteristics, history, clinical presentation, symptom score, maximal flow rate, residual urine, diagnosis, management and short-term follow up are reported. Results: Mean patient age plus or minus standard deviation was 54 years. Most 21 (81%) cases were referred as diagnostic dilemmas with symptoms present for 1 month to 30 years. Mean interval between onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 5.8 years. The most common symptoms were residual urine sensation (77% of cases), frequency (54%), pelvic pain (46%), dysuria (46%), weak stream urine (27%), urgency (15%) and 17 patients (65%) have combined symptoms. 16 patients (62%) had been treated with oral and/or vaginal medication and/or psychotherapy. The female urethral meatal stricture was visible on physical examination in 21 patients (81%) and cystoscopy in 5 patients (19%). Of these visible urethral meatal stricture, 11 patients (45%) contained recurrent urinary tract infection, 9 patients (35%) contained urethral mucosal prolapse, 7 patients (27%) contained urethral diverticulum, and 3 patients (12%) contained stress urinary incontinence. 18 patients (69%) who has been treated with oral and/or vaginal medication or psychotherapy was not successfully improved. Treatment consist of urethral meatal excision and/or everted urethral mucosal excision and/or urethral diverticulum excision and/or anti-incontinence surgery when indicated. Subsequently 24 patients (92%) had improved symptom score, but 2 patient was not changed. In 9 patients new symptom developed. Conclusions: Female urethral meatal stricture have several urinary symptoms and may mimic other pelvic floor disorders. This condition should be considered in women with frequency, residual urine sensation, pelvic pain, dysuria and etc. Medical treatment is not sufficient but surgical treatment is usually simple, safe and effective in alleviation associated symptoms.

마에 의한 비염,구강 알레르기 증후군이 동반된 천식 증례

석수진,박종숙,김덕수,손범석,박춘식 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.2S

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