1930년대 천도교의 반일민족통일전선운동에 관한 연구 -갑산ㆍ삼수ㆍ풍산ㆍ장백현 지역의 조국광복회를 중심으로-

성주현 ( Sung Ju Hyeon ) 한국민족운동사학회 2000 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.25 No.-

The Nation Unification Movement(hereafter called as the Movement) by Chondo-Gyo(天道敎) under the colony of Japan had been started from 1920s right after the March first Independence Movement on March 01, 1919 and developed until the end of 1930s. The exisiting study on the Movement concerning the Chondo-Gyo didn't get a few results with the Koryo Revolution Party Movement by Choi, DongHee, Kim, BongKook, Lee, DongKook, Lee, DongKoo, etc., the Shinkan Association Movement by the old family of ChondoGyo, the One Korea Party Movement by Shin, Sook, Choi, DongOh, Kang, JeHa, etc., the June 10 Movement, etc. in 1920s. However, in fact there is no study result in details regarding the ChondoGyo in the connection with the Movement by the members of “the Fahterlahd Restoration Associacion”(hereafter called as the FRA) in the late 1930s. Especially there is almost no spotlight on their members, organizations, activities, etc who participated in the Movement with the FRA. It needs a new cognition of the activities of the FRA at the point of struggle in arms and connection with Kim, II Sung who established North Korea. When the study result on the their activities was released, it was told that they made and developed Chondo-Gyo and the Movement but it was mostly focused on the truth and untruth of the Kim, II Sung’s activities, the establishing procedure and organization of the FRA, and the reconstruction of Communist Party. It has dealt with the connection with Choado-Gyo neglectfully or slightly. The summary on the foundation and activities of the FRA and the Movement by Chondo-Gyo are as following; First, Chondo-Gyo and the FRA had abandoned the strategy called as “Rank v. Rank” at the 7th Comintern Meeting in July 1935 and made the consolidation between Anti-Japanese and People Consciousness of Chondo-Gyo for the change to do make a stronger struggle against Japan. The 7th Comintern made a new policy, “ Change the 2nd troops of East-North People’s Revolution Army into the corps for the Chosun Independence from Japan” with the contents that the Chinese Communists made the Chosun communists do their revolutional struggle for our independence from Japan while they made the union force against the Japan for the Colonies in the East-North Asia. Also it is appointed to the Chondo-Gyo as the object of the Movement entirely. At that time, the communists had got hostility towards the Chondo-Gyo deeply because the Chondo-Gyo didn't do only their religious activities by itself and did have the line to compromise with Japan in the country. Nevertheless, it is the central role of the party against Japan that the FRA did the Movement with the Chondo-Gyo. Second, the both parties had the same line of the cognition of Chondo-Gyo and the straggle against Japan by Kim, II Sung and the People’ sense against Japan by Park, In Jin after the meeting twice. It is based on the realistic recognition under the control of Japan chat only Chondo-Gyo couldn’t succeed in expelling Japan from the country and keeping our people safe, and the FRA itself didn’t get the independence. Also the Chondo-Gyo believers( hereafter called as “the believers” ) in the areas did have the through spirit of People. The believers led by Park, In Jin were not the communists but it is enough possible to do the Movement with the FRA that they had the strong spirit against Japan with the top target for our independence. This spirit was established by Chondo-Gyo of itself, especially it remained continuously by the TongHak troops who had the experience or fighting against Japan during the Tonghak Revolution, fled from Japan and stayed in the areas. Park, In Jin listened to the general principle and announcement of the FRA during the talk with Kim, II Sung, he could take participate in the movement actively. In this point, Kim, Ii Sung could be expressed as ‘an progressive Chondo-Gyo believers'. Third, the believers did very aggressive activities in building the infrastructure after they joined the movement with the FRA. They organized the Wang Family Branch and the Temple Branch centering the Choado-Gyo temple in the Jangpaekhyun with their 17 towns, their areas and branches in mainly Kapsan-gun, Pungsan-gun, Samsoo-gun, Hyesan-gun in the country, and their corps in charge of production. The infrastructure of the Group was made at Jangpakhyun in Manchuria, the partial districts of Hamkyongnam-do and Pyongan-do in the current North Korea while the very nuclear structures were those of Jangpaekhyun, Kapsan, Pungsan, Samsoo districts. They were very important for the infrastructure concerning the Chondo-Gyo. Fourth, the Chondo-Gyo believers like Park, In Jin, Lee, Jeon Hwa, Lee, Kyong Woon, Lee, Chang Sun, etc. did enter the FRA and took participate in the Movement very actively. The leader, Park, In Jin, who controled the 5 branch temples in some parts of Jangpaekhyun, Kapsan, Pungsan, Samsoo, Hyesan, etc., did take the meeting with Kim, Il Sung and the representatives at each temple, then they mostly entered the FRA and did take participate in the struggle in arms against Japan with the East-North Union against Japan, too. But it is the limit that every Chondo-Gyo didn't join the movement successfully. Nevertheless, it is very important meaning that the believers at the districts of Hamkyongnam-do and Pyonganbuk-do with most of Chondo-Gyo did join the FRA and made the Movement against Japan with the FRA.

비첨 성형술에서 비중격 연골 지주 이식 : 비순각 증가

박상현,유원민,박 철,박병윤 大韓成形外科學會 2001 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.28 No.2

진행성 폐 종양 환자에서 종양 내 OK-432 주입술의 효과

정수현,김성빈,박진희,탁희상,옥철호,장태원,정만홍,천봉권 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background: Intratumoral injection of OK-432 produced significant antitumor effects. There are reports that OK-432 was injected directly into tumor tissue on gastrointestinal tracts and HCC tissue, producing decrease in serum alpha-fetoprotein level. We adopted this technique for treating locally advanced lung cancer. The object of this study is to evaluate the local therapeutic efficacy, side effects of injection for treating symptomatic mass. Methods: Twenty lung cancer patients (13 males and 7 females) underwent sonography guided OK-432 injection. We analyzed relationships between response of OK-432 and response of skin test, histology and age. Pain that patients feel was evaluated by VAS (Visual Analog scale). Results: A significant decrease of tumor size was observed. The mean pre-injection diameter of the lesions was 54.7±11.3mm, PR rate were 15.0% (3/20) and minimal change (50%<tumor size decreased.) patients were 35.0% (7/20). The VAS score before injecting OK-432 into the lesion was 5±3, this was decreased to 2.5±1.5 (p=0.04). Object response was significantly correlated with skin response, adenocarcinoma, and age. Conclusion: A significant decrease of tumor size and pain was observed. So OK-432 is a valuable treatment option for patients with symptomatic lesion from advanced lung cancer who are not amenable to further therapy.

Benzotriazole계 유도체의 제초활성과 분자 설계

성낙도,박현주,박승희,변종영 충남대학교부설 생명공학연구소 1992 생물공학연구지 Vol.2 No.-

Benzotriazole 유도체들의 정량적인 구조와 발아후 벼(Oryzae sativa L) 및 피(Echinochloa crus-galli)에 대한 생장저해 활성값(pI_50)사이의 관계들이 QSAR 방법으로 연구되었다. QSAR 분석에 의하면, 자유 라디칼 파라미터(E_R)가 매우 중요한 요소이었으며 pI_50 값은 파라치환기(X)의 E_R 파라미터에 대하여 포물선형의 관계를 나타내었다. (3)의 생장저해 활성은 (4)보다 우세하였으며 생장저해 활성이 가장 큰 화합물은 (3b)이었고 피의 생장저해 활성에 대한 E_R 파라미터의 적정값은 각각 E_R(3)=0.52와 E_R(4)=0.15이었다. 분자설계 결과, 치환기(X)가 전자 끌게이고 적정값 (0.52)와 E_R 파라미터를 가지는 분자가 가장 활성이 클 것으로 기대되었으며 Benzotriazole 유도체들의 생장저해 활성은 광합성반응(PS-II)에서 전자전달을 효과적으로 차단하는 결과로 믿어진다(1991년 9월 15일 접수, 1991년 9월 31일 수리). The relationships between the quantitative structure of benzotriazoles and their post-emergence growth inhibiting activity(pI_50) against Oryzae sativa L. and Echinochloa crus-galli were investigated using a generalized quantitative structure activity relationships(QSAR). According to the QSAR analysis, the free radical parameter (E_R) is a very important factor and the growth inhibiting activity values showed parabolic relation to E_R parameter of para-substituents(X). The activity of (3) was superior to those of (4) and (3b) is selected as the most highly effective compound. The optimal values of E_R parameter of the growth inhibiting activity aganist E. crus-galli are E_R(3)=0.52 and E_R(4)=0.15, respectively. From the result of molecular design, the substituents(X) of electron withdrawing properties and E_R parameter of optimal value(0.52) were most desirable for high activity of the benzotriazoles. And in view of this, benzotriazoles may also be effective in blocking the photosynthetic electron transfer.

Garcin 증후군으로 발현된 연골육종 1예

강성수,김명권,박현미,류근신,신동진 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

췌장 손상의 CT진단

이현경,이성우,오민구 동국대학교 경주대학 1998 東國論集 Vol.17 No.1

수술 또는 임상 소견으로 췌장 손상이 진단된 34명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 손상 직후 시행한 전산화단층촬영 소견을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 전산화단층촬영 소견상 췌장 실질 손상의 유무, 췌장 주위 액체 저류의 유무 및 위치, 전신막 비후, 동반된 장기 손상등을 알아 보았다. 34명의 췌장 손상 환자중 전산화단층촬영 소견상 췌장 실질내 병변이 관찰된 예는 22명(65%)이었고 췌장 주위 액체 저류가 관찰된 경우는 2명을 제외한 32명(94%)이었다. 액체 저류의 위치는 전신방강이 20예(59%)로 가장 많았고, 소낭이 16예(47%), 췌장과 비정맥 사이 14예(41%), 상장간막 정맥 및 동맥 주위 9예(26%), 위십이지장동맥 주위 1예(3%)였다. 전신막의 비후는 19예(56%)에서 보였다. 췌장 손상 환자의 35%에서 전산화단층촬영상 췌실질 손상이 관찰되지 않았고 췌장 주위의 액체 저류는 2예를 제외한 전례에서 관찰되었다. 그러므로 췌장 주위의 액체 저류를 관찰하는 것은 췌장 손상이 의심되는 환자에서 실질내의 손상 소견이 관찰되지 않거나 의심스러울 시 진단에 도움이 되는 유용한 소견으로 생각된다. We retrospectively reviewed the abdominal CT scans of 34 patients with surgically proven pancreatic injury or clinical pancreatitis after blunt abdominal trauma. The CT scans were analyzed for the pancreatic gland injury, presence and location of the peripancreatic fluid collections, Thickening of the anterior renal fascia, and associated injury. The pancreatic injury was identified on CT in 22 patients(65%), whereas peripancreatic fluid collections on CT were noted 32 patients(94%) who had pancreatic injury. The fluid was in the anterior pararenal space in 20 patients(59%), in the lesser sac in 16 patients(47%), between the pancreas and the splenic vein in 14 patients(41%), around the SMA & SMV in 9 patients(26%), and around the gastroduodenal artery in 1 patient(3%). Thickening of anterior renal fascia was seen in 19 patients(56%). Pancreatic injury was not observed on CT in 35% of patients with such injury, whereas peripancreatic fluid collections on CT were noted in 94% who had pancreatic injury. The presence of peripancreatic fluid is a helpful CT finding for the diagnosis of pancreatic injury after blunt abdominal trauma.

Continuous wave of obturation technique에서 플러거의 다양한 적용 깊이에 따른 근단부 폐쇄효율 비교

이상진,박정길,허복,김현철 大韓齒科保存學會 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.6

이 연구와 목적은 continuous wave of obturation technique으로 근관 충전을 할 때, 다양한 heat source plugger의 깊이에 따른 근단부 근관 폐쇄능력을 비교하는 것이었다. 직전 형태 발거 소구치를 #35/.06크기까지 니켈티타늄 파일을 사용하여 성형 및 세정하였다. 성형과 세정이 완료된 치아를 heat source plugger의 적용 깊이에 따라 15개씩 5군으로 분류하였다: 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm. 양성 대조군을 제외한 모든 근관은 E&Q plus (Meta Biomed Co., Chungju, Korea)를 사용하여 #35/.06 gutta-percha cone으로 충전하였다. 모든 치아의 근첨공 주변 1 mm를 제외하고 nail varnish를 도포하였고 음성 대조군은 근첨공을 포함하여 전체 면을 도포하였다. 모든 시편을 1% 메틸렌블루 용액에 72시간 동안 보관한 다음 치근첨으로부터 1, 2, 3 mm 높이에서 수평으로 절단하였다. 각 단면을 12.5 x 2.5배 현미경하에서 관찰하고 디지털 카메라로 촬영하였다. 염색제 누출 평가를 위해 five-degree scoring system을 사용하였다. 각 절단면에서의 점수를 모두 합하여 한 시편의 점수로 사용하고 통계학적 분석을 하였다. 이 실험 조건하에서, 3 - 7 mm 까지의 heat source plugger의 적용 깊이는 근단부 폐쇄에서 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 5 - 7 mm의 Buchanan's protocol을 포함한 3 - 7 mm를 모두 임상 적용에서 받아들여질 만하다고 보인다. The purpose of this study was to compare apical sealing ability of continuous wave canal filling technique according to various heat source plugging depths. Eighty one extracted human premolars with straight root were cleaned and shaped to size 35 using .06 taper rotaiy NiTi file. After cleansing and shaping, the teeth were divided into 5 groups following the heat source probing depths from the apex ; 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm. All specimens were filled using E&Q Plus with #35/.06 tapered gutta-percha cone. The positive control teeth were not filled. All teeth were coated with nail varnish except the apical 1 mm around the apical foramen. Negative control teeth were completely sealed include the apical foramen. All specimens were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 72 hours. Then the specimens were sectioned horizontally at 1, 2 and 3 mm from the root apex. Each sectioned surface was photographed using a digital camera attached to the stereomicroscope at 12.5 x 2.5 fold magnification. All points at 1, 2 and 3 mm were summed as final score of one specimen. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed. Under the condition of this study, there was no significant difference between the heat source plugging depths of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm in apical sealing ability. All of apical heat source plugging depth from 3 to 7 mm including Buchanan's protocol -from 5 to 7 mm- seems to be acceptable in clinical application.

백서의 실험적 치아이동시 connexin 43의 발현에 관한 연구

임정현,강경화,이종진,김은철,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.5

치아이동시 골세포간 활성 조화에서 세포간 교통의 중요성이 차츰 인식되고 있으며 세포간 교통을 위한 교통반의 존재가 확인되고 있다. 동물실험 모델에서 실험적 치아이동을 통해 조성된 압박 및 견인측 치주인대에서 교통반 단백의 일종인 connexin 43의 발현을 관찰함으로써 인접 연조직 및 골 조직 내에서 세포 신호 전달 양상의 한 부분을 파악하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 백서 27마리를 대조군(3마리)과 실험군(24마리)으로 나누었으며, 실험군은 견인력(75g)을 가한 후 12시간, 1일, 4일, 7일, 14일, 28일이 경과한 후 각각 4마리씩 희생시켜, connexin 43의 발현을 면역조직화학적으로 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.대조군에서의 connexin 43 발현은 치은, 상아질, 치주인대, 치수, 골세포에서 경미하였다. 2.교정적 치아이동에 반응하는 치수, 치주인대, 골모세포, 파골세포, 골세포부위에서 connexin 43의 발현이 많았으나 치은, 상아질, 상아모세포에서의 발현은 견인력 적용기간에 관계없이 대조군과 큰 차이가 없었다. 3.치수에서 connexin 43의 발현은 교정력을 가한 4일에서부터 증가하여 7일째까지 크게 증가한 후 14일째부터 감소되었으며 28일째에는 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 4.치주인대에서 connexin 43의 발현은 주로 혈관을 중심으로 치조골 면을 따라 압박측에서 주로 나타났는데 교정력을 가한 12시간에서부터 증가하여 4일에서 가장 많은 발현을 보인 후 7일부터 감소하기 시작하였다. 5.골모세포 및 골세포에서 발현은 실험 1일째부터 출현해 4일째에 가장 많은 발현을 보였고 7일 이후에는 크게 감소하였으며 파골세포에서의 발현은 골모세포와 골세포보다 실험 4일째에 더 많이 관찰할 수 있었다. Bone remodeling in response to force requires coordinated actions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and periodontal ligament cells. Coordination among these cells may be mediated, in part, by cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions. This study was designed to evaluate the expression of gap junction, connection 43 in periodontal tissue during the experimental movement of rat's incisors, by LSAB(labelled streptavidine biotin) immunohistochemical staining fort connexin 43. Twenty seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group(3 rats), and 6 experimental groups(24 rats) where 75g of force was applied from helical springs across the maxillary incisors. Rats of experimental groups were sacrificed at 12 hours, 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after force application, respectively. And the tissues of a control group and experimental groups were studied immunohistochemically. The results were as follows : 1.In control group, the expression of connexin 43 was rare in gingiva, dentin, cementum, periodontal ligament and bone cells. 2.In experimental group, the expression of connexin 43 was increased in pulp, periodontal ligament, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, comparing to that in control. And it was rare in gingiva, dentin, and odontoblasts regardless of the duration of force application, which was not different from that of control group. 3.The expression of connexin 43 in pulp of experimental group began to increase in 4-day after force application and got to the highest degree at 7-day. And it decreased after 14-day to be similar to that of control group at 28-day. 4.The expression of connexin 43 in periodontal ligament was noted in small capillaries adjacent to alveolar bone, showing higher intensity of immunolabelling after 4-day. And it was stronger in the pressure side than in tension side of periodontal ligament. After 7-day, decrease in connexin 43 expression was observed. 5.The expression of connexin 43 in alveolar bone began to increase 1-day, reached to the highest degree at 4-day, and decreased at 7-day. And the expression in osteoclasts was more than that in osteoblasts or osteocyte at 7-day.

북한의 경제정책과 운용에 관한 소고

李相直,金賢友 대구산업정보대학 1997 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

The bankruptcy of the North Korean economy has considerable impact on the condition that South Korea has prepared for unity and reunification. The purpose of this paper is not to assess the economic miscarriage of North Korea but to open wider preparation of a unity and reunification. There are two viewpoints to observe the management method on the North Korean economy. One is to consider it as planning economy, different from free market economy, the other is as a transitional period, from socialism to communism. According to this point of view, we can define the operating system of the North Korean economy as a socialist planning economy. In front of us, however, it leaves a question on the system of N. K. economy when we see the level of productivity of N. K. Therefore the system could be called a precapitalist society rather than socialist planning economy is reasonable. Nevertheless, in reality N. K. is just defining as socialism by itself with declaration to the World. The fundamental recognition of the North Korean economy is based on solidarity and a rational view of social life. And the economic order of N. K. is planning economy, allocation of resources consists of a central-planning administrative order. On considering the relation of property, the crucial means of material production is becoming socialized. Socialization on means of material production is collective ownership, cooperative association management and whole-people ownership, state management. And they have only the validation of labor as creating unique value, the rate of exchange is determined in proportion to the quantity of labor, invested of goods production. So price control is achieved by single-price plan, the keynote of economic policy stand on the basis of keeping pace with the priority of heavy industry, the munitions industry and autarky-consequently there was no profit of international division of labor. This could be made a firm belief that assure a notable difference in economy power between N. K. stems from autarky and S. K. from exports drive policy. Recently N. K. is searching new economic policy and mediating industrial structure. As we have seen, the analysis of North Korean circumstances is not to approach the consolidcition of the division of the Korean peninsula but to unify it. For that reason, if we make an analysis of reunification more concretely, it could be showed as a desirable solution.

빌립보의 지진과 간수

유상현 연세대학교 신과대학 2004 신학논단 Vol.35 No.-

사도행전은 소위 제 1차 선교여행과 예루살렘 회의(행 13:4~15:23)를 마친 바울이 곧 이어 제 2차 선교여행(행 15:36~18:22)에 나선 사실을 보도한다. 바울의 제 2차 선교여행은 제1차 여행 당시 지났던 몇 곳에 들른 후, 새로운 방문지인 오늘날 터키의 북서 지역들을 거쳐 ‘드로아’란 곳에 닿는 여정을 이루었다고 한다. 드로아에서 환상을 보고 마게도니아로 떠났던 바울 일행은 빌립보에 도착하게 된다. 그곳에서 ‘루디아’와 점치는 여종과의 만남을 가졌던 바울은, 예기치 않게 억울한 고발을 당한 후 박해와 투옥을 겪는 등 힘겨운 경험을 하게 된다. 아래의 글은 바울이 빌립보에서 감옥에 갇힌 다음 겪었던 지진과 간수와의 만남 등을 기록한 행 16:25-34의 본문을 주석적으로 연구하고, 지진과 간수와의 만남 경험이 갖는 의미에 대하여 논구하게 될 것이다.